Phatikizani wokolola "Don-1500" - izi ndizoyenera zaka 30 pamsika, khalidwe lapamwamba, lomwe lero likugwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda. Ndikovuta kusankha njira yogwirira ntchitoyi. Ndikofunika kusankha chitsanzo ndi maulendo apamwamba komanso osataya ndalama. Zomwe amachitsulo ndi katundu wa chitsanzo Don-1500 A, B, H ndi P, tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kufotokozera ndi Cholinga
Chiyambi cha kupanga chinali cha 1986 mu Soviet Union. Ndiye chitsanzo "Don-1500" chinali chotchuka kwambiri. Poganizira zaka makumi awiri zapitazi, chomera cha Rostselmash chinagawaniza kumasulidwa mu mitundu iwiri yatsopano, yomwe ikumasulidwa lero masiku ano "Acros" ndi "Vector".
Mu ulimi sungakhoze kuchita popanda trakita. Phunzirani za makhalidwe a T-25, T-30, T-150, T-170, MTZ-1221, MTZ-892, MTZ-80, MTZ-82, MTZ-320, Belarus-132n, K-700, K -9000.
Zitsanzo zamakono zikuwoneka zosangalatsa komanso zosiyana ndi zina. Chitsanzo choyambirira chimakhala ndi kukhalapo kwa dongosolo lapadera lopunthira tirigu, lomwe limasiyanitsa mosamala ndi mankhusu, zipolopolo za mbewu, ndi ziphuphu. Icho chinapangidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa ndi wopanga wokha - chomera cha Rostselmash.
Mukudziwa? Kukula kwa galimoto ndi kwakukulu kwambiri: mungathe kuyika galimoto ya Tavria pa iyo, nyumba yosonkhanirako ndi yaikulu.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti chitsanzo "Acros" Lero ndi lotchuka kwambiri, makamaka pokonza madera ang'onoang'ono a mahekitala chikwi chimodzi.
Mukudziwa? Mu 1941, mkati mwa masiku asanu ndi atatu, chomera cha Rostselmash chinawonongedwa ndi asilikali achi Germany, koma ndi chaka cha 47 chibwezeretsedwa.
"Vector" Amadziwikanso ndi mwayi wochulukirapo pakulima minda ya mbewu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo chimanga ndi mpendadzuwa.
Zokonzedwa kuphatikiza "Don-1500" pokolola tirigu pamunda. Izi zimaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri ya mbewu: mbewu ndi zokolola, koma zosinthika zimatha kusonkhanitsa, kuphatikizapo nyemba ndi mbewu. Zina mwazinthu zamakono za mgwirizano wakuti "Don-1500" ndizowunikira. kukula kokongola, kupezeka kwa ngodya imodzi yokha ndi kuyenda pa magudumu. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zimasinthidwa pambaliyi.
Kusintha
Kusinthidwa kwa wokolola wogwirizana "Don" ndi zotsatira za kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse pa chipangizochi komanso zowonjezereka zofunikira kuti zithetsedwe ku zinthu zakunja, monga momwe zomera ndi mbewu zimakhalira, momwe amasonkhanitsira, malo a minda komanso kupezeka kwa zinthu zosafunika. Komanso, ndi zizindikiro ziti zosiyana za kusintha kulikonse.
Pofuna kugwiritsira ntchito madera ang'onoang'ono, njinga zamoto zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: "Neva MB 2", "Zubr JR-Q12E", "Centaur 1081D", "Salyut 100"; Yotchi kapena yopanga tekitala yosungirako.
Don-1500A
Ili ndilo gawo loyamba la msonkhano wa mgwirizanowu, womwe umaonedwa kuti ndiwowonjezera. Anali iye amene adakhala maziko kapena malemba oyambirira kuti ayambe kusintha. Fotokozerani mwachidule zomwe zida zapamwamba zamasinthidwe "Don-1500A". 
Magudumu awiri aakulu a galimoto kutsogolo, kutsogolo kwake, ndi ziwiri kumbuyo, zing'onozing'ono kukula kwake - kuyendetsa, zimapangidwa ndi matayala otsika kwambiri omwe ali ndi mapepala apamwamba. Chifukwa cha ichi, mgwirizano ukhoza kuyenda mu nyengo yovuta popanda kulowera mu dothi.
Injini yamphamvu, SMD-31A, koma malo ake ndi osokoneza kwambiri, chifukwa nthunzi yonse yotentha imayendetsedwa ku nyumba ya dalaivala. Liwiro pa kayendetsedwe kawirikawiri - 22 km / h, ndikugwira ntchito kumunda - mpaka 10 km / h.
Wokolola wa makina amasinthidwa mpaka pansi ndipo amatha "kukopera" izo, zomwe zimalola kubzala munda pansi pa mlingo umodzi. Kugwira kwa wokolola kungasinthe: kuyambira 6 ndi 7 mamita mpaka 8,6. Nkhumba imagwa mumagulu akuluakulu apadera, omwe mulingo wake ndi 6 cubic meters.
Izi zimapereka mwayi kuti kufunika kophatikizapo kuphatikizapo malo otumizira mbewu kumatayika. Tiyenera kuzindikila komanso momwe dalaivala amamvera, chifukwa nyumbayi imakhala ndi malo abwino komanso imakhala ndi mpweya wabwino.
Mukudziwa? Dera lakupunthira kwa chophatikiza "Don 1500" kufika pamtunda wa mamita 8 ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi wamkulu kwambiri pakati pa makina padziko lapansi.
Wokolola ali ndi chinthu china chofunika - chimanga. Ndicho, mungathe kusonkhanitsa mumtundu umodzi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina, mankhusu kapena udzu. Njirayi imagwedeza ndi kuigwiritsa ntchito m'dengu, kenako imatha kufalikira kumunda.Zotsatira zotsatirazi zikhoza kukololedwa pamodzi ndi izi:
- mbewu;
- limodzi;
- mpendadzuwa;
- soya;
- chimanga;
- mbewu za udzu (zing'onozing'ono ndi zazikulu).
Pomalizira, chinthu chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi ntchito. Don-1500A imapanga 14,000 makilogalamu a tirigu pa ora.
Mukudziwa? Chiwerengero cha "1500", chomwe chili pamutu, chimasonyeza kukula kwa phwando.
Don-1500B
Kusintha koyamba kunayendetsedwa mu chitsanzo cha Don-1500B, ndipo motero, chitsanzo ichi ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- injini yatsopano yamakono YMZ-238 AK inaperekedwa, yomwe imawoneka kuti ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, imakhala ndi malo osiyana siyana a makina, mosiyana ndi yoyamba ndi turbocharging: apa zitsulo zimayikidwa mu mawonekedwe a V;
- liwiro la drum liwonjezeka, zomwe zinapangitsa kuonjezera zokolola za mgwirizano, ndipo tsopano ndi 16,800 kg pa ora;
- mafuta akucheperachepera 10-14 malita ndipo tsopano ali pa 200;
- kukula kwa tanki ya mafuta kukuwonjezereka - mpaka 15 malita (m'mawonekedwe oyambirira - 9.5 malita).
Mukudziwa? Mu 1994 "Don 1500B", opangidwa ku chomera cha Rostselmash, adasinthira mmbuyo njira yomwe idasinthidwa A."Don-1500B" imadziwonetsera kuntchito movomerezeka, ndipo mbali zambiri chifukwa cha injini. Chitsanzo ichi chinapangidwira mwachindunji kuti aphatikize kusinthidwa B.
Kuphatikiza apo, chophatikizacho chaphunzira kuchokera mkati mwatsatanetsatane zowonjezera ndi kusintha, mwachitsanzo, monga kuonjezera chiwerengero cha mipeni yocheka, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa drum pakupera, kusintha kapangidwe ka zidutswa zamkati, kupititsa patsogolo malo awo.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti chitsanzo ichi ali ndi gawo lina lofunika - kunyamula. Njira yotereyi imalola kugawaniza mbewu zomwe zidulidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu zowonongeka ziwonjezere. 
Ndikofunikira! Kusintha konse kwa kusinthidwa B mwawonjezeka kumagwira ntchito makina ndi 20% poyerekeza ndi chitsanzo A.
Don-1500N
Chifukwa cha kuwonekera kwa kusinthidwa N chinali chofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zazikulu zokonzekera mbewu m'malo osakhala akuda.
Don-1500R
Kusinthidwa uku kumasinthidwa kuti asonkhanitse mpunga. Ichi ndi chitsanzo chokha chomwe chimapangidwa pa njira yopitilizidwa. Zokonzera izi zimakulolani kuyenda mosamala galimoto yaikulu ndi yolemetsa pamtunda wouma bwino komanso wofooka umene mpunga umakula. Komanso, Kukonzekera kuno kuli ndizing'ono, chifukwa cha ubwino wa msonkhano wa mpunga, koma nthawi yomweyo zokolola zimachepa pang'ono.
Pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito yosamalira minda ya dacha komanso woyang'anira minda, amafunikira zipangizo zapadera: pulawo, wamlimi, wothira udzu kapena chitsulo (mafuta, magetsi), wolima mbatata, mchere wachitsulo, chipale chofewa kapena fosholo.
Zojambula ndizogwirizana
Injini kuphatikiza izi kumaperekedwa mwazinthu ziwiri: SMD-31A ndi YaMZ-238. Kufulumira kumene galimoto ikhoza kusuntha ndi kufika 22 km / h, ndipo pamene mukugwira ntchito kumunda - osapitilira 10 km / h. Kwa ola limodzi chophatikizacho chingasonkhanitse matani 14 a tirigu. Kukuwotcha imayenda mofulumira kuchokera pa 512 mphindi kufika 954.
Don 1500 ndi yaikulu kwambiri mutu wodula mutu - kuchokera 6 mamita 7 mpaka 7 kapena 8.6 mamita, chifukwa phindu la kugwiritsira ntchito kuphatikiza m'madera akulu likuwonjezeka. Mbewu Bunker ili ndi voliyumu ya mamita 6 a cubic. Kuwombera kumbali: kutalika mamita 1.5, kutalika 1.484 mamita ndi mamita 0.8 mamita.
Zida Zamagetsi
Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane gawo lirilonse lofunika la mgwirizano, popanda zomwe sizingatheke kukhazikitsa njira yosonkhanitsira mbewu.
Ndikofunikira! Sinthani kapena musinthe mbali zokolola zofanana "Don 1500" zosavuta komanso zosavuta poyerekeza ndi magalimoto otumizidwa. Zomalizazi ndizomwe zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi mtengo komanso zamtengo wapatali, koma ndalama izi zidzabwezeretsa moyo wautali wautumiki komanso kudalirika.
Injini
Poyamba kusinthidwa "Don-1500A" ndipo wachiwiri-B anali adaika injini zosiyana:
- kwa A - SMD-31A, yomwe inapanga Kharkov chomera "Hammer ndi Sickle". Iye anali ndi makina 6. Mitundu ya dizilo yotchedwa turbocharged. Yakhazikika ndi madzi. Mphamvu ndi 165 kW. Vesi yogwira ntchito ndi 9.5 malita.
- kwa B - YMZ-238, yopangidwa ndi zomera za Yaroslavl. Injini yopanda turbocharging, mipiringidzo yake 8 imayikidwa mu V-way. Mphamvu ndi 178 kW. Kuthamangitsidwa ndi 14.9 malita.
Mabaki
Dongosolo losweka linayimilidwa chiwindi ndi batani. Pofuna kuchotsa makinawo kuti aswe, chiwombankhanga chiyenera kutengedwa komanso nthawi yomweyo, panikizani batani. Valani zokolola zowonongeka zingathe, ngati mutakwera chiwindi ndikudikirira pang'onopang'ono.
Kuwonjezera pa njira yosungirako magalimoto, Don-1500 imathandizanso mtundu wamadzimadzi. Utsogoleri ukuchitika ndi chithandizo cha pedals. Cholinga cha mtundu uwu wa mabaki ndi kusinthasintha ndi kuyenda pa nthaka yonyowa ndi yofewa, popanda kuwononga dothi. Palibe chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito mabakiwa pa malo ovuta.
Hydraulics
Machitidwe ovuta ali ndi magawo atatu:
- Chassis Drive Control;
- Kuyendetsa;
- Mankhwala a hydraulic amayendetsa njira zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimachitika mumadzimadzi kapena magetsi.
- wokolola;
- chidutswa;
- chopper;
- wosunga;
- kukonza zipangizo;
- kupula;
- kupotoza kayendetsedwe kake.
Kuthamanga magalimoto
Kuthamangitsidwa ndi kuyendetsa galimoto kumayendetsedwe ndi hydraulically controlled. Kulamulira kwa gulu limodzi loyendetsera galimoto kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka, popanda kusintha kosavuta, kusintha msinkhu wa galimotoyo. Mbali imeneyi imagwira ntchito pa liwiro lililonse. Pali njira zinayi zoyendetsera magalimoto oyendetsa magetsi kuti apite patsogolo, ndi kumbuyo. Motero, kuphatikiza komweko kungasunthike kudutsa m'munda.
Ndikofunikira! Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kusintha mafuta, ndibwino kuti uchite pambuyo pa injini ya maola 24, pamene chimbudzi chimataya katundu wake ndipo chipangizochi chikhoza kuwonjezereka.
Utsogoleri
Utsogoleri umachitika pogwiritsa ntchito gudumu. Iye, ngati mpando, amasinthika kufika msinkhu wa munthu mkati mwa masentimita 11. Mungasankhe kuyenda bwino kwa gudumu: apa malire achokera pa madigiri 5 mpaka 30.
Sungani
Zowonjezera - gawo la mgwirizano, womwe uli ndi udindo wotsitsa chikhalidwe, mu chitsanzo ichi chiripo ndi zosiyana. Ikhoza kukhala 6, 7 kapena 8.6 mamita kutalika. Masayizi awa ndi aakulu kuposa omwe opanga amapereka. Wokolola amamangiriridwa kumalo opunthira pogwiritsa ntchito chipinda cholumikizira. Kutsogoloko kuli ndi makina omwe sungani pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, kukulolani kudula msinkhu womwewo pamwamba pa nthaka.
Mapindu ndi machitidwe a teknoloji
Gwirizanitsani "Don-1500" ali makamaka kukula kwakukulu. Chifukwa chakuti dwale likukula kwambiri, mutembenuka, mutha kupeza mwayi mu malo akuluakulu ogwidwa. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunika kukhala ndi munthu yemwe angathe kugwira makina akuluakulu.
Don amapindulanso pothandizira mafuta pogula mbewu ndi kupunthira tirigu, poyerekeza ndi zitsanzo zina monga Yenisei, Niva, John Deere ndi ena. Mbali ina, izi zimakwaniritsidwa ndi kugwidwa kwakukulu, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa. Choncho, Don-1500 ikhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi yophatikiza kwambiri ndalama.
Monga taonera, mutu uli ndi kukula kwakukulu, ndipo pofuna kusunthira, muyenera kuwonjezera chithandizo. Mu "Don-1500" ntchitoyi imasewera ndi nsapato yapadera. Icho chimakhala pansi ndikukulolani kuti muzidula pamtunda womwewo. Kuipa kwa njirayi ndi ntchito yowonongeka nthawi yokonzekera munda ndi kukonza.
Ngati panthawi yopanga zolakwika panagwiritsidwe ntchito kapena sizinayende bwino, mutuwo sungakhale pafupi ndi nthaka, zomwe zidzatayika ku mbewu yotsatira.
Ngati Don-1500 ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamunda ndi kutsika kwakukulu, izi zikudzaza ndi zotsatira za imfa ya tirigu, popeza mutuwo sukhudza mbali imodzi ya mbaliyo ndipo umadula kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, zimapangitsa kuti chitsimikizo chitha kusintha.
Musanagule kapena kubwereka zipangizo zoterezi, m'pofunika kuti muphunzire mwatsatanetsatane maonekedwe onse. Choncho, nthawi zonse ganizirani kukula kwa munda, mtunda wake, mtunda, nyengo, mbewu zomwe zimalima, ndikugwirizanitsa mphamvu za makina ndi zofunikira zanu.
"A-1500" A, B, H ndi P akusinthidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito limodzi, zomwe zimapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri poyerekezera ndi zina. Zidzakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri pazifukwa zotsatirazi:
- Mng'onoting'ono wamakono si oposa 8, opambana mpaka madigiri 4;
- dera lalikulu la munda, mahekitala opitirira 1000;
- zokolola za makilogalamu 20 pa hekta imodzi ya dera;
- nthawi yokolola yochepa.
