Pakufika mitundu yatsopano yopatsa mphamvu yomwe imatsutsana ndi kutentha ndi matenda, kukolola mphesa kwaleka kukhala "zosangalatsa" zokondweretsa, zomwe anthu osankhika okha adasangalala nazo.
Lero, ngati muli ndi chilakolako ndi zochepa chabe, alimi omwe amakhala m'madera otentha akhoza kulima chomera chodabwitsa m'nyumba zawo.
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapindulitsa pa nkhaniyi ndi kusankha koyenera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolima kulima. Makamaka, mphesa zapakhomo kusankha "Alexander", wobadwira ku Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, anayenerera ndemanga zabwino.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
"Aleksandro" amatanthauza magulu a pinki mitundu yonse ya cholinga cha chilengedwe chonse, yomwe cholinga chake chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano. Makhalidwe - mawonekedwe okongola ndi okoma mtima amawoneka bwino, ndi zolemba zovuta kwambiri "isabelny". Kwa mtundu uwu pali mitundu Ruta, Chimwemwe ndi Laura.
Zosangalatsa ndi zabwino. Mapepala olawa - 8.5 mfundo pa mlingo wa mfundo khumi. Kutentha kwa mitunduyi sikumveka kwambiri - pafupifupi 15%, ndiko kuti, sangathe kutchedwa lokoma chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa kutchulidwa acidity (chithunzi cha acidity cha Alexander ndi 1.2 g / l). Koma ndizosatheka kumutcha wowawasa. M'malo mwake, kukoma kwake kungatanthauzidwe kukhala kochepetseka komanso pang'ono.
Ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana, yomwe imakhala yotetezeka ku matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo madontho. Nthawi ya zomera za zomera zimakhala masiku 128 mpaka 164. Muscat Bely, 342 Kishmishi ndi Julian amakhalanso osiyana pa kukula msinkhu.
Kufotokozera mphesa mitundu Alexander
Masango a mitundu iyi ndi ang'onoang'ono, mu mawonekedwe a silinda, ndi nthambi yaing'ono. Kulemera kwake kumakhala pafupifupi 135 g Pomwe madzi akumwa bwino komanso nyengo yabwino, kulemera kwawo kungafike 150-200 g.
Mitengoyi imakhala yozungulira, yokhala ndi sing'anga, yomwe imakonzedwa mwamphamvu pamsakato, choncho, pamene mukuisonkhanitsa, nkofunika kuigwiritsa ntchito mosamala kwambiri kuti musasokoneze.
Kutalika kwa chitsamba - pafupifupi. Masamba ndi aakulu, olimba, ndi mawonekedwe osakanikirana ndi ofooka a pubescence pamsana pansi. Mtundu wa masambawo uli pafupi ndi kuwala kobiriwira. Chiwerengero cha masango pamtunda ndi chachikulu, chifukwa cha izi, chomeracho chimafuna kudulira zowononga kuti zitsimikizidwe bwino ndi kupeza mbewu zabwino kwambiri. Mpesa - wandiweyani, wanyama. Mphukira imakula bwino kuchokera ku nkhuni zakale.
Chithunzi
Kuti mumve zambiri zokhudza maonekedwe a mphesa "Alexander" mu chithunzi pansipa:
Chiyambi ndi mbiri ya kuswana
Maonekedwe a mphesa "Aleksandro" amayenera ku Institute of Research of Agriculture of Bashkiria pamaso pa antchito ake: Abdeeva MG, Maistrenko N.V. ndi Strelaevoj L.N.
Malingana ndi magwero ena, ilo limatchedwa dzina lolemekeza mwana womaliza yemwe anamwalira mu nkhondo.
Kubzala kwa mbande yoyamba yowakanizidwa pansi kunachitika mu 1989. Ndipo mu 1999 izi zosiyanasiyana zidaphatikizidwa mu Register Register of Breeding Achievements of Russia ndipo analimbikitsa kulima m'madera onse nyengo ya dziko.
Makhalidwe ndi makhalidwe apadera
Mbali yapadera ya mitundu "Aleksandro" yosiyanasiyana ndiyo kukana kwake kozizira. Chifukwa cha ichi, iye, komanso Kukongola kwa Kumpoto ndi Super Extra, akhoza kulima kumpoto, momwe kutentha kwa mphepo m'nyengo yozizira kukufika-madigiri 25.
Zimagonjetsedwa ndi mildew ndi oidium, koma pamene kulimbikitsa kubzala kungapweteke. Mu njira ya kukula imapanga kuchuluka kwa masitepe.
Kupereka ndikwanira pamwamba. Kawirikawiri, pakukula pa mafakitale, izo ziri pafupi 124 otchuka hekitala (pansi pa nyengo yabwino ndi kusamalidwa bwino, chiwerengerochi chikhoza kufika anthu okwana 163 pa hekita). Kututa kuchokera ku chitsamba - pafupifupi 7-8 makilogalamu. Victoria ndi Anyuta akhoza kudzitamandira zokolola zambiri.
Kukwera kwathunthu kwa zipatso mkati mwa msewu kumachitika kuzungulira 10th September. Panthawiyi, mphesa zimatsanulidwa ndi madzi, ndipo mbewu zake zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira.
Matenda ndi odwala tizilombo
"Aleksandro" amatanthauza mitundu ya mitundu yosagonjetsedwa, mosiyana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Zomwe sizimakhudzidwa ndi mildew ndi oidium. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, zimakhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa nkhungu zakuda. Chifukwa cha matendawa ndi kubwezeretsanso kwazilombo zazing'ono zam'mimba za Botrytis cinerea, zowonongeka pa zomera ndikuwatsogolera ku imfa yawo.
Zikuoneka ngati zikhale zowonjezereka kwambiri pa mphukira zazing'ono ndi zipatso zopsa, zomwe zikagonjetsedwa ndi imvi zowonongeka, zimakhala zowonongedwa ndi kunyezimira kofiira. Pang'onopang'ono, matenda amafalitsidwa ku gulu lonse ndi inflorescences za mphesa, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti aziwanika.
Mmene mungamenyere:
- Pambuyo popeza zizindikiro za matenda pamtunda, masango okhudzidwa ndi mphukira ayenera kudulidwa mosamala ndi kutenthedwa, kenaka apopere mankhwalawo ndi njira yothetsera soda kapena 1% ya sopo wobiriwira. Ngati matendawa akhudzidwa, gawo limodzi lokha la mbeulo ndilokwanira kuti lipopere ndi mankhwala a soda pamtundu wa 70 g soda pa 10 malita a madzi.
- Pewani kubzala mphesa ndi kutulutsa nthawi yokonza ndi kupanga.
- Mitundu yoopsa ya matendawa, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa. Antracol.
Malangizo othandiza: Pofuna kupewa maonekedwe a fungaleni, kugwa kwa mankhwala kumatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala a DNOC, omwe ndi fungicide, herbicide ndi oledzera "mu botolo limodzi".
Zotsatira
Kawirikawiri, "Alexandre" sichidziwikiratu m'masamalidwe ake ndipo safuna kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zamakono zaulimi.
Kuteteza izo ku mitundu yonse ya zinthu zoipa, kuphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya mabakiteriya ndi zilonda za fungal, kudulira mokwanira nthawi ndi kukonza mankhwala ovuta. Kuti mudziwe nokha zokhudzana ndi matenda monga anthracnose, kansa ya bakiteriya ndi chlorosis, werengani nkhani mu gawo lalikulu pa matenda a mphesa.
Motero, tingathe kunena kuti zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa cha "kulekerera maganizo", kutentha kwa chisanu ndi kudzichepetsa, kuphatikizapo kukoma kwabwino ndi zokolola zambiri, ndizoyenera kulima m'madera osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo malo otsika pafupifupi chaka chilichonse kutentha.
Chokhachokha ndicho chizoloŵezi cha kuphulika ndi kukula kochepa kwa masango. Komabe, zimapindula mokwanira ndi "Alexander", ndipo zimapangitsa kuti alimi azikhala osadziwa zambiri.
