Kuwona kamodzi maluwa ngati orchid wanda, mumangokonda naye nthawi yomweyo.
Zimakongoletsa ndi kukopa diso ndi kukongola kwake kodabwitsa.
Ngati mukufuna kukonza maluwa achilendowa m'nyumba mwanu, muyenera kuphunzira zonse zakusamalidwa.
Mukudziwa? Orchid Wanda Miss Joachim kuyambira 1981 ndi maluwa a dziko la Singapore.
Orchid Vanda: zinthu zosamalira
Mankhwala a orchids amatha kukula osati m'madera apadera okha, komanso kunyumba. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti chifukwa cha chisamaliro cha Wanda panyumba padzafunika khama lalikulu.
Kuti mukwaniritse bwino kukula maluwa, muyenera kupanga zinthu zambiri ndikuzisunga: kutentha, chinyezi, feteleza, kuunikira.
Ndikofunikira! Mbali yaikulu ya kukula kwa orchid ndi Vanda ndiko kuyatsa kokwanira. Chifukwa chosowa kuwala, njira zamagetsi za zomera zimasokonezeka.
Mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu ya orchids
Vanda orchid ndi chomera mpaka mamita 90 masentimita, masamba ndi mawonekedwe a lamba, mpaka masentimita 20. Peduncles amanyamula maluwa asanu ndi limodzi. Poyamba amakhala ochepa komanso otumbululuka, ndipo patatha masiku angapo amakhala aakulu komanso owala.
Mbali yaikulu ya mtundu wa orchid ndi wamphamvu nthambi ya mizu (akhoza kukhala mamita awiri kutalika). Orchid Flower Vanda ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 50 ndi mitundu inayi yokha. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane mtundu wa Wanda ulipo.
Chess Wanda. Mtundu uwu umakhala wofala ku Southeast Asia. Ili ndi mizu yokwera (yopanda nthaka), maluwa ndi golide wachikasu, masamba ndi lamellar, mawonekedwe ozungulira.
Wanda lamellar. Malo obadwira a duwa ili ndi Philippines. Amamera m'mapiri otentha ndi mvula yambiri. Masambawo amawonekera, kutalika kwa mphukira ndi masentimita 40. Maluwa amakula kuchokera pakati, tsamba ndi lachikasu, maluwawo ndi masentimita atatu.
Tricolor Wanda. Ili ndi mamita 1.5 mamita, masambawa ndi mawonekedwe a lamba ndi zomangamanga. Mbali yapadera ya mtundu uwu ndi inflorescences yaifupi ndi maluwa aakulu, omwe akhoza kukhala khumi. Mtundu - woyera kapena kirimu ndi mawanga ofiira.
Kakhali ndi petals ndizophimba, zazikulu zofanana ndi mazira. Mlomo uli ndi katatu, wofanana ndi maluwa. Zojambulazo zimakhala zochepa, chapakati ndi zazikulu, zofiirira kapena pinki, zooneka ngati gitala.
Valkovaya Wanda. Amachitira epiphytes zazikulu. Thunthu kutalika kwa mamita awiri, yomwe ili ku nthambi yamphamvu, ikhoza kuyenda. Valkovatye masamba - yaitali ndi opapatiza.
Peduncle ali ndi ziwalo zisanu ndi chimodzi zobereka za pinki kapena zofiira. Mlomo uli ndi masamba atatu: pakati pake ndi wofiira ndipo nsanamira ndi yachikasu ndi mawanga ofiira.
Mukudziwa? Sikuti ma orchids onse amununkhira. Mafuta oledzeretsa ndi mitundu yokometsera yokoma.
Zonse zokhudza kukwera kwa Wanda
Monga tafotokozera kale, chomeracho sichimafesa pansi. Ngati, chifukwa cha zokondweretsa, mukasankha kukula ndi mapulala a Vanda mumphika, muyenera kuganizira kuti nthaka iyenera kuyanika mwamsanga.
Mu mphika mumayenera kupanga mabowo ambiri kuti mupeze mpweya wokwanira mizu. Kuti mukule bwino, muyenera kulima bwino chomera ndikupanga zinthu zabwino.
Mkhalidwe wa chikhalidwe cha kukula bwino
Chofunika kwambiri pakukula mapulala a Wanda ndi nyengo. Chifukwa chakuti kusiyana kwa kutentha kumawathandiza maluwa. Mukamagula chomera, onetsetsani kuti mumadziwa kuti ndikutentha kotani kumene mukufunikira kutsatira.
Chifukwa chakuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana imachokera kumadera osiyanasiyana, kutentha kwake kumakhalanso kosiyana. Kwa zomera zoyambira kumapiri, kutentha kwa 35 ºC si koopsa. Zomera zimachokera kumapiri zimakhala ndi kutentha kwabwino ndipo sizilekerera kutentha.
Kutentha kwakukulu kwambiri ndi 22% +27 ºС pa nyengo yolima yomwe ikugwira ntchito yosachepera komanso yosachepera + 14 ºС nthawi yonse yopuma (yozizira-yozizira).
Kuphuka mwakhama kumawathandiza kusinthasintha masana ndi usiku kutentha kwa madigiri 5. Ngati kutentha kwa firimu kumadutsa njira yovomerezeka, nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa mpweya wa 70-80%.
Mukudziwa? Kusaka maluwa mwakhama kwachititsa kuti mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo ziwonongeke.
Ndondomeko zolima za orchid
Popeza chomera ichi ndi epiphytic, chimakula m'njira zitatu:
- pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lapansi. Pakuti gawo lapansi ndiloyenera kupatsidwa pine makungwa kapena pini ndi Kuwonjezera kwa sphagnum. Ngati mukufuna, mungagule gawo lokonzekera lokonzekera m'sitolo. Phika ayenera kutengedwera mochuluka kuti mizu isakhale yodzaza, ndipo pali mabowo ambiri omwe amapereka mpweya wabwino;
- kukula m'magalasi. Chombochi chiyenera kukhazikika komanso chosakwera kwambiri. Izi ziyenera kukhala zokhudzana ndi mizu yokha, mtundu wobiriwira wa chomera uyenera kupitirira pamtunda (monga maluwa amafunikira kuwala kwambiri, ndipo galasi imakhala ndi dzuwa);
- kukula ndi opanda root system. Kuti muchite izi, ingoikani maluwa a Wanda mudengu ndikusungira pawindo.
Ndikofunikira! Kumbukirani kuti Vanda Orchid ndi chomera chofunda komanso chokondana, choncho mawindo omwe amayang'ana kum'mwera ndi kumadzulo ndi abwino kubzala. M'chaka zomera bwino pritenyat.
Momwe mungasamalire chomera kunyumba
Kuti maluwa azungu azikhala bwino kunyumba, m'pofunika kumusamalira bwino. Ndi maonekedwe onse a chomera akhoza kuwonjezeka.
Momwe mungamwetse maluwa
Wanda ulimi wothirira maluwa amadalira maluwa omwe maluwawo amakula. Wakulira mu gawo lapansi, kuthirira kumachitika pokhapokha pamene gawo lapansi silikuuma, koma limauma kwathunthu. Kuthira mobwerezabwereza kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mizu.
Ngati chomeracho chikukula mu galasi yamagalasi kapena muwotchi, pangani madzi kamodzi pa sabata, komanso nthawi ya chilimwe - kamodzi pa masiku atatu. Duwa limatengedwa kupita ku bafa, zitseko zimatsekedwa mwamphamvu ndi kuthirira ndi madzi otentha kwa mphindi zochepa (kutentha kwa madzi ndi 35-40 ºC).
Kenaka achoke ku Vanda kwa mphindi 30 mpaka masamba owuma, ndi kubwerera kumalo. Pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse, ndibwino kusamba mizu, kumiza m'mimba mwa mphindi 20-30.
Ndikofunikira! Mizu yokha ndiyofunika kusambira m'madzi. Duwa limayambira limakhala lovutikira kwambiri ku waterlogging.
Mavuto a feteleza a Wanda
Monga duwa limakula popanda dothi, mavuto amabwera ndi kuyamba kovala. Chomera chikufuna kwambiri feteleza. Orchid Vanda ayenera kudyetsa kamodzi pa sabata.
Zimapangidwa ndi kupopera kapena kusamba masamba ndi njira yapadera ya fetereza kwa ma orchids ndi madzi (makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito madzi oyera) kuchuluka kwa 1/6 mwa zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pa phukusi.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti chomera chimafuna kudyetsa zokha pokhapokha panthawi ya kukula kwaukali; panthawi yopuma, chiwerengero cha kuvala chachepetsedwa. Orchids amamwetsanso kupopera mbewu kuchokera ku botolo la kutsitsi.
Nthawi ndi momwe mungasinthire chomera
Popeza chomera chikukula popanda dothi, sichifunikira kusintha. Ngati mwasankha kukula maluwa mu mphika, gawo lapansi liyenera kusinthidwa zaka zitatu zilizonse: chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuwala, mizu imavunda.
Chizindikiro cha kubzala mbewu ndi maonekedwe a ziphuphu pamunsi pa duwa - izi ndi mizu yatsopano. Asanakule, chomeracho chimaikidwa. Mizu ikamera mmbuyo masentimita awiri kapena kuposerapo, imakhala yofooka kwambiri ndipo ikhoza kuswa pamene imaikidwa.
Mukudziwa? Orchid Vanda amadziwika kuti ndi mfumukazi yamaluwa.
Malamulo a Kukolola a Wanda Orchid kunyumba
Kawirikawiri timadzifunsa: momwe tingamere orchid kunyumba. Malingana ndi momwe angasamalire maluwa amenewa, ma Vchichi amamera, koma amachulukanso.
Large zomera mu axils wa masamba kuoneka mizu, muyenera kudula pamwamba maluwa ndi mizu. Place kudula kudula ndi sinamoni kapena atayikidwa mpweya.
Ndondomeko yochepetsedwa imabzalidwa mu mphika ndi gawo lapansi, pokhala yopuma, mizu yowongoka bwino. Kuthirira kutsogolo kwa utsi wambiri. Madzi okwanira amayamba pambuyo poonekera kwa kukula kwa mphukira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo za duwa
Nthenda zazikulu ndi matenda a maluwa a Wanda ndi awa:
- mealybug Thupi la munthu wamkulu lifika 3-4 mm, mawonekedwe a thupi ndi ovalo, pinki kapena lalanje. Tizilombo tokhala ndi maluwa oyera (matumba a mazira).
Mealybugs amasonkhana m'madera omwe ali pansi pa masamba kapena pa nsonga za mphukira zazing'ono, kumwa madzi kuchokera ku duwa. Amayika ana awo m'zinthu zoyera, ndipo duwa, lomwe limagwidwa ndi iwo, limakhala ngati chipale chofewa chopangidwa ndi ubweya wa thonje.
Mitengoyi imakhudza kwambiri zomera: kukula kwa mphukira kumachepa, masamba amasanduka chikasu ndikugwa. Nkhuku zakuda zikhoza kuoneka pa ntchentche zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mphutsi.
Mazira a udzu amachotsedwa mu duwa ndi swab ya thonje kapena siponji yonyowa. Ndiye malo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amatsukidwa ndi chinkhupule choviikidwa mu madzi asapu kapena mowa wothira madzi kapena vodka. Ngati duwa limakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi tizilombo, ndibwino kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- kangaude mite. Kukula kwa nkhupakupa kumasiyana ndi 0.3 mpaka 0.5 mm, akazi - ofiira-ofiira, amuna - ofiira owala. Malo owuma ofunda amakhala malo abwino okhalamo. Ndizoopsa chaka chonse.
Masamba a chomera omwe amapezeka ndi akangaude amatembenukira chikasu ndi owuma. Tizilombo tiri kumbuyo kwa pepala. Zozizwitsa zimakhala zovuta kuti, pamene zosasinthika zochitika kuti abereke, mayiyo amatha kugwa pansi ndikulowa mu malo opumula asanayambe mkhalidwe woyenera wa moyo.
Nkhuku imodzi imaika mazira 150 panthawi imodzi. Ngati duwa silinakhudzidwe kwambiri, mukhoza kutsuka mphukira ndi masamba ndi njira yothetsera madzi a sopo, aqueous tincture a adyo. Ngati mukuwonongeka kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena colloidal sulfure;
- shieldovka. Chizindikiro cha matenda a maluwa ndi chishango ndi mawonekedwe a madontho achikasu pa thunthu ndi masamba, omwe pamapeto pake amawonjezera kukula kwake. Ndiye masamba amatembenukira chikasu, kupiringa ndi kugwa. Kukhazikika kwa tizirombozi kumapezeka kutuluka kwa mpweya.
Akamamatiridwa ndi tsamba kapena tsinde, amawoneka ngati mamba kapena kukula. Zotsatira za matenda ndi chishango ndi kuchepa kwa kukula, masamba ogwa, ndipo chifukwa chake chomera chimamwalira.
Shchitovok amachotsedwa ku chomeracho, akusisita tsamba lililonse kumbali zonse, zimayambira komanso ngakhale malo ozungulira mphika atakonzedwa ndi yankho ndi siponji;
- Fusarium. Pansi pa pepala pakhale mdima wakuda. Chifukwa cha matendawa chingakhale chowononga masamba kapena mizu. Monga njira yoteteza, mizu yakufa ndi masamba a chikasu amachotsedwa nthawi zonse.
Ngati chomeracho chikudwala, mbali yowonongeka iyenera kuchotsedwa, ndi malo omwe adadulidwa ndi makala omwe achotsedwa, kenaka amakhetsa maluwa "Readzol";
- bakiteriya zowola. Pa kutentha kwapamwamba ndi chinyezi, mizu ya chomera imayamba kuvunda ndikuyamba kukhumudwa. Pofuna kuthetsa nthendayi, chomera ndi mphika chimalowetsedwa mu yankho la "Fundazole" kapena "Topsina".
Popeza kuti mavitchi a Vanda amafunika kusamalira (nthawi zambiri amasamba), sizimakhudza tizirombo. Chifukwa cha chinyezi chochulukirapo, tcheru tiyenera kulipira kuti tipewe matenda a fungal.
