Mankhwalawa akudziwikiratu kwa wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa. Pali nthano zambiri zokhudzana ndi zolakwitsa zomwe nthawi zambiri zimalakwitsa. Kuti timvetsetse ngati ndiwothandiza kwambiri, timaphunzira chida ichi mwatsatanetsatane.
Zosakaniza zowonjezera ndi mawonekedwe otulutsa
Fungicide yomwe imagulitsidwa ndi emulsion yambiri. Maziko ake ndi propiconazole, omwe ndi gawo la magawo 25%. Chidachi chikhoza kuperekedwanso ngati ufa wonyansa (ndiye chiwerengerochi chimafikira 37%). Akatswiri a zamagetsi akuphatikizapo mankhwala pakati pa triazoles.
Ogulitsa amatha kugula Zomwe zimapangidwira mu 5-lita digitala kapena zowonongeka mu granules (1 ml).
Kodi Tilt imagwiritsidwa ntchito?
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga propiconazole zimakhala ndi njira yogwirira ntchito yotetezera matenda a zimayambira ndi masamba. Mukalowa mmunda, zimangowonongeka mofulumira kwambiri (nthawi zambiri ndi bowa) ndipo salola kuti mikanganoyo ikhale patsogolo.
Ndikofunikira! Mu Russian Federation, mankhwalawa ndiletsedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pakhomo. Musanagwiritse ntchito, ndibwino kuganiza kachiwiri kapena osachepera mlingo wabwino.Amagwiritsa ntchito polimbana ndi powdery mildew, dzimbiri, septoria ndi matenda ena. Zoona, bowa la peronosporovye limene limayambitsa mame abodza, yankho silingathe kuchotsa.
Mbewu zazikulu zomwe chida ichi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi tirigu, clover ndi rapesed. Kupangika mu ndende zochepa zimathandizanso mphesa (odium mankhwala). Ndipo moniliosis ya mitengo ya zipatso imakhala yokonzeka mosavuta kuchitapo kanthu cha yankho.
Mukudziwa? Kulimbana ndi matenda oyambitsa fungal anayamba ku Greece. M'zaka za m'ma X - IX BC. sulfure anagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi.
Pakati pa zoyenera Chogulitsa ichi chiyenera kuwonetsa:
- Kukhoza kuchitapo kanthu pa gawo lirilonse la nyengo yokula;
- Kuchita kwautali;
- Mndandanda waukulu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe angathe kuthetsedwa;
- Kulimbikitsidwa kwa kukula pambuyo chithandizo;
- Kusokonezeka kwa madzi;
- Mu kutentha, zotsatira zimangowonjezera;
- Kuchepetsa;
- Kukhoza kukonzekera kusakaniza ndi mankhwala ena.
Palinso chiwonongeko. Mwachitsanzo, kutchulidwa kumatsutsana - Kuwongolera mu mawonekedwe ake amamwa mankhwala, choncho ndi bwino kusakaniza ndi zofukula zina. Agronomists ambiri amanena kuti pokhapokha makonzedwe oterewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'minda yayikulu, osati kumbuyo kwa nyumba, choncho ntchito yake m'nyumba ya dziko imafuna chisamaliro chapadera.
Mafungicides amakhalanso ndi mphamvu: "Skor", "Titus", "Fundazol".
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala: njira yogwiritsira ntchito
Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, 0,2-0.3 ml of concentrate pa lita imodzi ya madzi amatengedwa. Ngati zizindikiro za matendawa zakhala zikuwonekera kale, mlingowo ukuwonjezeka kufika ku 0.4-0.5 ml / 1 l.
Mukakonza njirayi, yambani ndi madzi pang'ono omwe muyenera kuchepetsa emulsion. Kenaka mubweretse madzi okwanira 1 litre.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, chiwembucho ndi chimodzimodzi: mukusowa malita 10 - timatenga 2-3 g pa prophylaxis kapena 4 g panthawi ya matenda, kuchepetsa ndi madzi pang'ono, kenaka yikani madzi mpaka kufika pa malita 10.
Mankhwalawa amachititsa nyengo yamtendere, kutentha kwa Kuwongolera kumathandiza (ngakhale kuli bwino kutulutsa madzulo pamene kutentha kumatsikira pansi + 30 ° C).
Kuwongolera, kukolola tomato ndi nkhaka, zimalepheretsa muyezo womwewo. Ndikofunika kuti kupopera mbewu ndi yunifolomu, komabe ndikumangirira mwamphamvu, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwake moyenera kungathe kuwononga masamba.
Anthu a m'nyengo ya chilimwe amapewa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Palinso mphanga wina: isanafike nthawi yokolola, payenera kukhala masiku osachepera 40. Kukonzekera kochedwa kumatha kuvulaza - choyamba, anthu omwe adya zakudya ndi chakudya.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene mukukonzekera kusakaniza ndi mankhwala ena, Pendekani imatsanulira kutsanulira mu chidebe, ndipo pokhapokha njira zina zimasakanikirana.Alimi samakumana ndi vuto lomwelo. N'zotheka kukonza madera akuluakulu, ndi kawiri pa nyengo. Koma apa pali nthawi zomwe zikugwirizana ndi ntchito. ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana:
- Tirigu, rye ndi mazira ozizira amatsukidwa pofuna kupewa nthawi yoyamba. Njira "yachipatala" imachitika mwezi umodzi, pamene kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi 20-30 ml / 1 sq. M (ndiko, 0.05 ml ya fungicide);
- Mlingo womwewo ndi mawu omwewo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa balere wamasika ndi nyengo yachisanu. Kupewa kokha kumayambira ndi kubwera kwa njira yachisanu;
- Pofuna kugwiririra yesani kutenga 20-40 ml ya propiconazole pa "square" (yomweyi ndi 0.05 ml). Chithandizo chachiwiri chikuchitika pokhapokha ngati chiri chofunikira;
- Chovala cha clover chimafuna fungicide kawiri (0.1 ml / 1 mita mita) ndi kuchuluka kwa chinthu chachikulu.
Zotsatira zothamanga ndi nthawi ya chitetezo
Mankhwalawa amayamba kugwira ntchito mkati mwa maola awiri mutatha kuyanjana ndi mbewu. Ngati atatha ola limodzi ndi theka mutangoyamba kumene kunayamba mvula, musadandaule. Mu maminiti 45-50 Mphindi amawongolera kuti alowe mu tsinde ndi masamba.
Nthawi yoyenera ya munda ndi masiku 20-25 (m'mundawu chiwerengerochi chidzakhala masiku 30-40). Panthawiyi, zomera zidzafulumira pang'ono kukula. Kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumatenga nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, dzimbiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda "tidzazimitsidwa" mkati mwa masiku awiri, ndi powdery mildew - masiku 4. Mtundu wa septoria ukhoza kukana masiku 4-5.
Kugwirizana ndi mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo
Angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonzekera katani yosakaniza ndi feteleza ena owonjezera, kukula kwa mankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Pakuti thanki imasakaniza ndi yabwino kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zamadzimadzi: sodium humate, potaziyamu humate, biohumus. Mwa olimba feteleza, urea amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Chokhacho chokha ndizopanga zamchere zamchere zomwe zimakhala ndi mankhwala a nitrojeni. Ponena za "otsutsana" oterewa angapezeke kwa wogulitsa, ndipo pa chizindikiro chake nthawi zambiri amalemba mndandanda wa iwo.
Njira zotetezera
Kusungunuka kuli ndi chitetezo chachitatu (mankhwala oopsa). Kuyanjana ndi khungu kapena kupuma kumayambitsa kukwiya. Ngati mankhwalawa akuyang'ana m'maso mwanu, kuwonongeka kudzakhala koopsa kwambiri. Choncho. Onetsetsani kuti mugwiritse ntchito zovala zovunda, zolimba, mpweya wabwino ndi magalasi oteteza.
Ndikofunikira! Kusamalira sikuletsedwa ngati kuli mphepo yamkuntho (liwiro la 5 m / s). Inde, ndipo kuthamanga pang'ono kungakhale koopsa.Kwa nkhuku, mankhwalawa ndi osakhala ndi poizoni, koma angakhudze njuchi. Ponena za nsomba, ndiye kuti yankho lake lidzakhala poizoni weniweni, motero sitingathe kukhetsa zotsalira kapena kutsuka chidebe m'madziwe ndi malo osungira madzi (komanso m'nyanjayi). Nthawi yoyamba pambuyo kupopera mbewu pa sitelo musalole ng'ombe.
Chithandizo choyamba cha poizoni
Ngati mukuona kuti khungu likuyaka kapena kusanza, muyenera kuchita izi:
- Ngati mutayika khungu, pang'onopang'ono muzichotsa chophimbacho ndi swaboni kapena gauze. Pa nthawi yomweyo yesetsani kusakaniza madzi. Ndiye chirichonse chimatsukidwa ndi madzi;
- Maso amatsukidwa ndi madzi kwa mphindi 15-20, ngati n'kotheka kuwatsegula;
- Ngati munthu amamwa mankhwalawa ndikukhalabe wosamala, yambani pakamwa panu ndipo perekani makala (1 g / 1 makilogalamu), omwe amatsuka ndi magalasi ambirimbiri. Yesetsani kuyambitsa kusanza. Njirayi imabwerezedwa kangapo mpaka emulsion itatha;
- Mukapanda kudziwa, samayambitsa chilichonse ndipo samayambitsa kusanza, koma aitaneni dokotala.
Mukudziwa? Kalekale, njira yotetezerayi inkachitika, monga mankhwala a masamba ndi tincture ya azitona. Choncho anamenyana ndi kuvunda.
Nthawi ndi kusungirako zinthu
Nthawi yosungirako yapamwamba ndi zaka zitatu. Pofuna kuti mankhwalawa akhalebe othandizira panthawiyi, amasungidwa m'chipinda chouma, chakuda kumtunda kuchokera pa -10 ° C mpaka 35 ° C.
Mukudziwa? Mu 1705 zinatsimikiziridwa kuti chlorine mercury amasunga mphesa zathanzi. Patapita nthawi pang'ono, arsenic ndi laimu zinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza tirigu. Ndipo pambuyo pa zaka zana ndi theka njira izi zidakaliyidwa.
Zindikirani kuti zaka zitatu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zowonjezereka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala omwe ali mu chidebe chosatsegulidwa. Ngati pulogalamuyo yatsegulidwa kale, nthawiyi imachepetsedwa.
Tsopano mukudziwa za Kukhotakhota zonse zomwe mukufunikira kuti muteteze. Tikukhulupirira kuti izi ndi zothandiza pakukonza malo. Zokolola zabwino!
