Zinsinsi za zokolola zochuluka za radish. Kodi mungasankhe bwanji mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikukula masamba okoma ndi abwino?

Radishi ndi mtundu wa herbaceous zomera za kabichi. Fomu yam'tchire imapezeka ku Ulaya komanso kumadera otsika a Asia.

Gawo lodya la radish ndi mzu wa masamba omwe amakonda monga radishes. Chomeracho chimakondedwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala omwe amapindulitsa kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika kuphika kwa saladi, appetizers, soups ndi mbale zina.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za zomwe zimachitika kukula kwa radish komanso kufanana ndi masamba ena. Aulule zinsinsi za zokolola zabwino. Komanso ndikukuuzani za mavuto omwe angathe komanso momwe mungagonjetsere.

Mbali za kukula ndi kusamalira

Kukula radish kuli ndi mbali zina, kumusamaliranso chisamaliro kuchokera ku chisamaliro cha masamba ena:

1. Kukhudzidwa kwambiri - kuchepa kwake kumayambitsa kupanga zosayenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Ndi bwino kukula pamalo otseguka ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito atsopano feteleza pansi pa radish sikuchitika: izo zidzakulitsa kuchulukitsa kwa tizilombo toononga, kupititsa patsogolo ziphuphu.
3. Pokolola m'chilimwe, radishes amabzala kumayambiriro kwa May, chifukwa chokolola nyengo yozizira - mu theka lachiwiri la June.
4. Kukula mbewu zamtengo wapamwamba pa nthaka youma ndi yovuta.
5. Nthaka yabwino kwambiri yolima mbewu ndi loam. Mosiyana ndi masamba ena, dothi ngati dothi lakuda siligwira ntchito radish.
6. The radish ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi otsika kutentha pa nthaka ndi mlengalenga, izo zimapirira lakuthwa kutentha kusinthasintha.
7. Chikhalidwechi, mosiyana ndi ena ambiri, nthawi zambiri samafuna feteleza zina.
8. Pa nthawi ya chilala, madzi okwanira ambiri ndi oyenera kuti asapewe kupweteka chipatso ndi mawonekedwe a ukali mwa iwo.

Zimagwirizana ndi zina zamasamba

Radishi imakonda malo otero monga radishes, kaloti, sipinachi, nkhaka, zukini, tomato, beets ndi parsnips. Kuchokera mu lingaliro lodzala pabedi limodzi ndi radish kabichi, nandolo kapena strawberries ayenera kusiya. Radishi imapereka zokolola zabwino, ngati zisanakhale pa sitezi zimakula tomato, mbatata, amadyera, nkhaka kapena maungu.

Kusankha mitundu

Pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya radish pali kuphulika koyambirira (mwachitsanzo, Mayskaya), pakati pa kucha (Margelanskaya, Chudnaya) ndi kutseka mochedwa (Lekar, Gaivoronskaya).

Zosankha zosiyanasiyana zidzakhazikitsidwa pazifukwa monga nthawi yokolola, nyengo ndi nyengo ya dera, pamene masamba adzakula, kulawa ndi mankhwala, chiwerengero cha alumali, kuchuluka kwa mbewu, ndi zina zotero.

Pofuna kukolola koyamba, mitundu yosasunthika ya chisanu yomwe ingabzalidwe kumayambiriro kwa March imakonda. Ngati mukufuna kuti zokololazo zikhalebe zautali, mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga Winter Round White kapena Winter Long Black ndi yabwino. Pamene mukukula radish pofuna mankhwala, chisankho chiyenera kupangidwa motsatira Margelanskaya zosiyanasiyana.

Imodzi mwa zabwino kwambiri ndi Daikon zosiyanasiyana. Lili ndi kukoma kokoma, kudzichepetsa, mizu ikhoza kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 60 m'litali ndi 10 cm mwake. Zakudya zonse ndi mbali za zomera.

Thandizo Chomera ichi chimasiyanitsidwa ndi chakuti sichimaika zinthu zovulaza kuchokera ku chilengedwe, chikhoza kubzalidwa bwino m'madera owonongeka kwa chilengedwe - poizoni muzuwo sudzapeza.

Mitundu ya Radishi, yosankhidwa yomwe inachitika ku Russia, ndi yovuta kwambiri pazochitika za chisamaliro ndipo imasinthidwa kwambiri kuti ikhale m'madera akummwera ndi ozizira.

Kugula mbewu

Mukhoza kugula mbewu za radish m'masitolo apadera kapena kudzera pa intaneti. Ogulitsa ndi mbiri yosafunika sayenera kugula zokolola. Mitengo ya mbewu imatha kuchokera ku 5 mpaka 3500 ruble. phukusi, malingana ndi mtundu, malonda a katundu, kulemera kwa zomwe zili mu phukusi, ndi zina zotero.

Malangizo Okula

Mu wowonjezera kutentha

• Tikufika. Radish mu wowonjezera kutentha akhoza kubzalidwa pakati pa masika ndi chilimwe, ndi kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira. Nthaka isanayambe kubzala ikhale yonyowa, ndi bwino kuti mupange feteleza mchere. Mbewu imabzalidwa m'nthaka mpaka masentimita 3, nthawiyi ndi masentimita 15. Mtunda wa pakati pa mizere ndi osachepera 20 cm.
• Mavuto akukula. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, kutentha kotentha (pafupifupi madigiri 20-23) ayenera kusungidwa. Ndikofunika kupereka masamba ndi magetsi ena (mwachitsanzo, nyali za fulorosenti).
• Kuthirira Wowonjezera kutentha radish amathiridwa ngati dothi limauma, pafupipafupi - kamodzi pa masiku 14-15, nyengo yozizira mochepa nthawi zambiri. Kuthirira kumakhala kwakukulu (pafupifupi 8-10 malita a madzi pa 1m²).
• Kupaka pamwamba. Radishi imayenera feteleza feteleza osapitirira maulendo 1-2 pa nthawi yonse yomwe ikukula (pazomwe zimakhazikika pamwezi ndi mwezi umodzi). Zotsatira zam'masika zowonjezera kumapeto kwa mlungu uliwonse (kuphatikizapo mchere feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito).
• Kupalira Namsongole omwe amamera pafupi ndi radish ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse - mwachangu (kuchoka mu nthaka) kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera (mwachitsanzo, choppers). 2-3 pa mwezi ndizothandiza kwambiri nthaka yosasunthika.
• Kupopera. Radishi - chomera chachikulu, kuti chitukuko chonse chaphuka chiyenera kuchepetsedwa mu nthawi yake (pambuyo kumera ndi masabata 2-3 pambuyo poyamba kupatulira). Zimafooka ziyenera kudulidwa pamunsi mwa tsinde, osati kuchotsa kuzu (izi zingawononge rhizomes ya zomera zathanzi).
• Hilling Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyengo yozizira (kuteteza kuzizira).

Kumalo otseguka

Kufika kumapitilira nthawi yamasika komanso chilimwe. Kudyetsa nyengo yozizira kumaloledwa (pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu za mitundu yapadera). Pali njira ziwiri zoyendetsera:

Zosamera

• Tikufika. Mbeu yokonzedweratu imabzalidwa musanayambe umuna ndi wothira nthaka yolembedwa ndi grooves (kuya kuya 2-3 masentimita), owazidwa ndi nthaka, tamped, ndi mulch mabedi. Mphindi pakati pa mbewu ndi 15-20 masentimita, pakati pa mizere - 20-25 masentimita.
• Mavuto akukula. Kutentha kwabwino kwa kukula kwa muzu - 18-22 madigiri. Radishi yunifolomu yakucha amasankha tsiku lalitali kuwala.
• Kuthirira zikhale zoyenera. Kupuma kwa nthawi yaitali kungapangitse kupanga mapangidwe a mizu. Poyamba, pambuyo pa kumera, radish imathirira madzi kamodzi masiku khumi, m'chilimwe - monga nthaka imauma. Pa 1 mita² 10-15 malita a madzi amayenera kupita. Zima zamasamba sizifuna madzi okwanira.
• Kupaka pamwamba. Panthawiyi, feteleza zamchere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi ziwiri - pa siteji ya maonekedwe a 2-3 woona masamba omwe amamera ndipo pamayambiriro a mapangidwe a chipatsocho, masiku 25-30 mutatha kudya. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuvala kumaimitsidwa patatha masabata atatu asanakolole.
• Kupalira Namsongole amachotsedwa pabedi pamene akukula. Namsongole amachulukitsa chiopsezo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, "kukoka" kuchokera ku nthaka chinyezi ndi zakudya. Pambuyo kuthirira, ndibwino kuti mutulutse nthaka (yosapitirira 6-7 cm).
• Kupopera Pangani nthawi patatha kumera kwa mbande. Zimawonjezera ndi zofooka zimachotsedwa, kukoka kapena kuzidula. Pakati pa ziphuphu musiye masentimita 5-6 opanda nthaka. Pakati pa kupatulira, mtunda wa pakati pawo uyenera kuwonjezeka mpaka masentimita 15 (pa nthawi ya mitundu ya chilimwe) kapena 20-25 masentimita (pa nyengo ya chisanu).
• Hilling Zimapangidwa kuti zisawonongeke mofulumira kuchokera ku dothi, pofuna kuteteza nyengo yachisanu-yozizira kuchokera ku chisanu. Zidakalipo ngati mbali yapamwamba ya muzu imawoneka kuchokera pansi - pamutu uwu, "kuyesa" nthaka yozungulira zomera kumathandiza kusunga kukoma kwa mankhwala.

Rassadny

• Tikufika. Kufesa mbewu kumapangidwira m'mitsuko yodzala ndi gawo lapansi la zakudya. Nthawi yomwe pakati pa mbeu imakhala pafupifupi masentimita atatu.
• Mavuto akukula. Mbande zimasungidwa pamalo ozizira amdima, pambuyo pooneka ngati zikuphukira kumbali ya dzuwa kapena khonde.
• Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa. Madzi amamera malinga ndi dothi la dothi, pafupifupi kamodzi pa masiku khumi ndi awiri. Pa kukula kwa mbande, kuvala pamwamba sikunayambike, mmalo mwa dothi lakumera limagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala mbewu.
• Kupopera Radishi panyumba ndi yofunikira ngati mutakula mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena kutseguka kuchokera ku mbewu.
• Kupalira ndi kukwera mbande sizimapanga. Mu gawo la masamba 3-4 a zomera izi obzalidwa m'munda.

Kunyumba

Kufalitsa kulima kwathunthu pa khonde m'matangi akulu.

• Kubzala m'mabotolo kumachitika kotero kuti zomera zisasokonezane wina ndi mzake, ndipo mizu ili ndi malo okwanira kuti akule. Mitundu yoyamba ndi yodzichepetsa ndi yoyenera.
• Zinthu Kutentha kwapamwamba ndi madigiri 15-22. M'nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chikhoza kusamutsidwa kuchipinda, m'nyengo yotentha - kuika panja.
• Kuthirira kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata, kudyetsa kumapangidwa 1-2 nthawi pa nyengo.
• Kupopera - chinthu chovomerezeka mu chisamaliro cha kunyumba radish.
• Kuperetsa kumachitika ngati n'kofunika.
• Hilling imangokhala ngati mizu yayamba.

Zinsinsi za zokolola zabwino

Pamene mukukula ndikofunika kukumbukira zinthu zina zowoneka bwino:

1. Kukulumikiza mabedi kudzathandiza dziko kuti lisunge zinthu zowonjezera ndi zothandiza, ndipo chikhalidwe chokonda chinyezi chidzakondweretsa iwe ndi zokolola zochuluka.
2. Zisonyezero za nthaka acidity ziyenera kukhala zochepa, ndiye mizu idzakhala yaikulu, ndi kukoma kokoma.
3. Kuwonjezera kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa ndichinsinsi cha kukula kwa mbewu zazikulu zazu.
4. Kusungunuka kwa nthaka ndi fodya ndi phulusa masiku angapo. Izi zidzateteza chomera kuchokera ku tizirombo, ndipo phulusa lidzakhala ngati fetereza ya fetashi.

Matenda

1. Vuto loyera - kugonjetsedwa ndi kusokonekera kwa ziphuphu.
2. Mame a Mealy - Zimakhudza mapesi ndi masamba, nthawi zambiri - zimayambira.
3. Msolo wakuda - matenda a fungal a pamwamba pamtundu ndi gawo la m'munsi mwa leafy rosette.

Kulimbana: Kutsekemera kwa zomera zathanzi ku matenda, kugwiritsa ntchito zowonongeka kapena zomera zowononga, mankhwala ndi mankhwala omwe amaletsa chitukuko cha zomera zosachiza.

Tizilombo

1. Kapustnitsa (butterfly).
2. The kabichi njenjete.
3. Spring kabichi ntchentche.
4. Cruciferous utitiri.

Nkhondo: kupopera mbewu zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi madzi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuzipatula ku mbewu zina.

Kupewa: chithandizo chamakono nthawi zonse.

Zikhoza kuthetsa mavuto ndi njira zothetsera izo

1. Mizu yovunda. Zimapezeka chifukwa cha chinyezi chowonjezera. Kuchuluka kwa madzi kumafunika kuchepetsedwa.
2. Zipatso zimakula bwino. Mwinamwake chomeracho sichitha kuwala kokwanira kapena dothi ndilolemetsa kwambiri. Vutoli limathetsedwa mwa kusamutsira kuzinthu zoyenera, kumasula nthawi zonse nthaka.
3. Kulimbitsa thupi. Mwinamwake nthaka imakhala acidified kwambiri. Amaloledwa ndi kuchepa kwapangidwe kwa nthaka acidity (mwachitsanzo, ndi liming).
4. Kusokoneza mwana. Zingakhale chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chinyezi. Ndikofunika kusintha kayendedwe ka ulimi wothirira, kuti ukhale ndi mulching wa mabedi kapena hilling ya zomera.

Kuti mubwezeretse thupi ndi mavitamini ndi zakudya, tikulimbikitsanso kuwonjezera radish ku zakudya zomwe zimakhalapo m'nyengo yozizira komanso yamasika. Mbewu yadziika yokha ngati njira yothandiza yoteteza komanso yowononga yotupa, chifukwa chakuti ikudziwika kwambiri kuti ikulima m'maboma.