Mallow (katundu-rose, mallow) - chomera chodziwika kwa umunthu kwa zaka zoposa zikwi zitatu.
Kawirikawiri izi zokongoletsa chomera sizinaiwalike, koma zili ndi zodabwitsa lero.
Phindu lake lalikulu ndi kuphweka ndi kupirira.
Pochita khama ndi chidwi kuchokera kumbali yanu, maluwawo adzakubwezerani ndi mithunzi yambiri, kukongola kwa inflorescences, uchi wokoma, machiritso opatsirana.
Mukudziwa? Mallow anakulira ku Egypt, China, India, Ancient Greece ndi Rome. Mallow amatha kuwonedwa m'mafeleko akale, zojambulajambula za ojambula zakale, mu zokongoletsera zachikhalidwe.
Zosiyanasiyana za chikhalidwe
Mtundu wa Malvé umaimira mitundu 25 ya zomera. Ambiri otchuka ndi akale ndi Mallow Pink ndi Lesnaya Mallow (ndiwo omwe adagwiritsa ntchito monga maziko a mitundu yambiri yambiri). 
Mallow ndi achibale awo (hibiscus, alteika, laureate, chinabella, etc.) amaimira banja la Malvine.
Kukula kwa zomera kumadulidwa kuchokera pa 0.8 mpaka 2.5 mamita. Maluwa (awiri, awiri ndi awiri ndi osavuta) amakhala aakulu kukula kwa masentimita 5 mpaka 15 (malingana ndi mtundu ndi mitundu).
Mtundu wa inflorescences ndi waukulu: burgundy, wofiira, wofiirira, pinki, woyera, wofiirira, wakuda, wachikasu (kupatulapo, mallow ndi chomera chomera, ndipo zomera zoyandikana zimasinthanitsa mitundu, kupanga mithunzi yosiyana).
Mukudziwa? Malva amakonda dzuwa lotentha ndi chilimwe chilimwe, amalekerera mosavuta kutentha pamwamba pa 45 ° C (mizu ya mallow ikhoza kutulutsa madzi kuchokera mozama mamita atatu).
Mallow ndi osatha, zabwino komanso pachaka. Malva chaka chimodzi makamaka ndi zaka ziwiri.
M'chaka choyamba cha chitukuko, mafinlows amapanga rosette ya masamba; m'chaka chachiwiri, mapesi ndi inflorescences amatayidwa (kuchokera 150 mpaka 200 maluwa). Yambani kuphuka mu June, pachimake mu October.
Kumanzere maluwawo ndi mabokosi a mbewu ("mipira"). Mukhoza kusonkhanitsa mbeu pambuyo pa chikasu cha mabokosi.
Mukudziwa? Malva Lesnaya - maluwa okha a mallow amakonda mthunzi komanso amamasula ndi maluwa okongola.
Chifukwa cha ntchito yosankhidwa, mallow yatenga malo abwino pamapangidwe a m'munda, mitundu yambiri ya haibridi yawonekera - yazitali zosiyana, madigiri osiyana siyana:
- Mfumukazi yamtundu - kutalika kwa 75 cm (chifukwa cha kudutsa kwa althea ya mallow yotumbululuka);
- Pinki Yachiwiri ya Achinyamata - kutalika kwa mamita 2 (maluwa awiri omwe angathe kuwonetsa);
- Nigra - maluwa osavuta a violet-wakuda mtundu.
Nthawi komanso komwe angabzala pa chiwembu
Mukasankha nthawi yofesa mallow pamalo otseguka, muyenera kukumbukira kuti mbewu idzangowamba pachimake chaka chamawa.
N'zotheka kupanga mallow kuphulika chaka chino, pobzala mbande pasadakhale (January-March), ndipo atatha kuziika m'munda.
Kusankha kwa malo
Posankha malo odzala mallow muyenera kuganizira:
- Mallow amamva bwino kwambiri kutentha kwa dzuwa (mumthunzi maluwa amamaluwa amakula). Malo ayenera kuyatsa bwino ndi dzuwa lowala;
- Mallow ngati nthaka yowala (loam) yokhala ndi nayitrojeni yapamwamba, yabwino aeration. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumayambitsa mizu kuti iwonongeke (pansi pake pansi, bwino). Nthawi zina zimalimbikitsa kudzaza phiri lopangidwira limene mungathe kulima;
- Mapesi aatali a mallow akhoza kuvutika ndi mphepo yamkuntho. Ndibwino kuti muzitsata mallows m'malo otetezedwa ndi mphepo, kapena pafupi ndi khoma, khoma, mpanda ndi chithandizo china.
- Kusamalidwa kwa mallow (makamaka chomera chachikulu) ndi kosayenera - yaitali taproot idzaonongeka. Zomera zosatha zimafuna malo osatha.
Tsiku lofika
Mbeu za mbeu zogwirira ntchito bwino zimapangidwa kuchokera pa May 25 mpaka June 25.
Funso la momwe mungabzalitsire Mallow, sizingayambitse mavuto ngakhale kwa woyang'anira minda. Mbeu za mallow ndi zazikulu, mabowo awiri akhoza kuikidwa mu dzenje limodzi (kuya 2 - 3 cm) (kumera kungakhale kochepa).
Mukhoza kuwonjezera peat. Mtunda pakati pa mabowo ndi osachepera 60 masentimita. Pambuyo pa mphukira zimatayidwa kunja ndi masamba atatu, mphukira yamphamvu kwambiri iyenera kusiya mu dzenje. Ndi mbeuyi, mbewu yaying'ono idzakhala yolimba ndipo idzakhala yokhoza kupirira kuzizira.
Mukamabzala mbande kubzala nthawi zina:
- pamene mukufesa mbande mu Januwale-February - kubzala mu May;
- pamene akufesa mbande mu May - kubzala mu August.
- konzekerani gawo lapansi la michere (zosakaniza zopangira masamba, masamba a peat) ndi mapeyala a peat;
- Sankhani mbewu za mallow (mbeu zabwino kwambiri ndi zaka 1.5-2 yosungirako) ndipo zizitseni musanafese madzi otentha (+ 47 ° C);
- fesa mbewu;
- Mbewu zitayika masamba atatu, mukhoza kutsuka mallow. Pambuyo posankha, timamera zimamera m'miphika ya peat (mzu ukhoza kuchizidwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate);
- sungani njira kuchokera ku +18,5 mpaka 22 ° ะก;
- milungu iwiri isanafike kuwonongeka - kukwiya (kubweretsa ku khonde kapena bwalo, kuwonjezeka kutalika kwa nthawi);
- Mbande za mbeu pa chiwembu (mtunda pakati pawo ndi 60 cm).
Ndikofunikira! Kukula mbande, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito makapu osiyana-siyana - ndi kuwonjezeranso kwina kuopsa kwa kuwononga mizu ya mallow yafupika kangapo.
Mfundo zazikulu zothandiza kusamalira mallow
Mallow si chomera chopanda nzeru ndipo sichifuna kusamalidwa kovuta. Monga lamulo, zimatsikira kuthirira, kudyetsa, kudulira, kumangiriza, kukonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Kuthirira ndi kuthirira feteleza nthaka
Mallow safuna madzi okwanira mobwerezabwereza. Kutentha ndi mvula nthawi zina, mallow ayenera kuthiridwa kamodzi pa sabata. Mu nyengo yowuma, ndi bwino kupereka mallow ndi kuthirira madzi ndi madzi pang'ono.
Mu nyengo yamvula ndi yozizira, mungathe kuchita popanda kuthirira (kuti musayambe kuyambitsa bowa). Pambuyo kuthirira ndikofunika kumasula nthaka. Kupewa namsongole kumachitika kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse.
Nthaka yachonde safuna kuvala pamwamba. Ngati dothi liri losauka, ndiye kuti sabata imodzi isanafike maluwa akhoza kudyetsedwa ndi fetereza ya phosphate-potassium. Mukhoza kumangoyamba nthaka ndi kompositi.
Kudula ndi Garter
Mapesi a Mallow, mamita 2-2.5 (ngakhale ali ndi mphamvu zambiri) akhoza kusamba panthawi yamaluwa ndi mphepo yamphamvu. Pofuna kupewa izi, ndibwino kuti muzimangiriza ku chithandizo.
Kawirikawiri amangirizidwa ku mpanda, mpanda. Ngati palibe, nkhumba zimathamangitsidwa pansi (pafupifupi mamita 1.5 mmwamba) ndipo zimamangiriza mallow kwa iwo.
Kudulira mitengo kumatulutsa kuchotsa masamba. Kudula maluwa wakufa ndi mkasi wakuthwa timatsimikiza kuti mawonekedwe atsopano amaonekera.
Pakabereka mtundu wosakanizidwa wa mallow, cuttings adadulidwa: pafupi ndizu - chifukwa chodzala kasupe, nsonga ya tsinde - chifukwa chodzala chilimwe.
Ndikofunikira! Kubeletsa kwa mtundu wa hybrid mallow kumapezeka kawirikawiri kapena kupatulidwa (makhalidwe osakanizidwa kupyolera mu mbewu sizinatengedwe, ndipo mitundu yambiri imabereka mbewu).
Pogona m'nyengo yozizira
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira ndi kophweka. Ngati kulibe chisanu choopsa, ndiye kuti nyengo yosatha imatha kupulumuka nthawi yozizira.
Komabe, chisanu choopsa chimatha kuvulaza (makamaka zomera zazing'ono kapena mitundu yovuta kwambiri).
Pankhaniyi, mufunika kuphimba mallow ndi masamba owuma, nthambi za spruce, fiberglass, cellophane, ndi zina zotero.
Zingatheke tizirombo ndi matenda, kumenyana nawo
Mavitamini nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi matenda ena - dzimbiri mallow. Chifukwa cha matendawa ndi chinyezi chowonjezera. Masamba akungokung'onongeka. Masamba amenewo ayenera kudulidwa ndi kuwotchedwa.
Mankhwalawa amafunika kuthandizidwa ndi njira yothetsera sulufule kapena kukonzekera kwapadera (Amistar 250 SC, Nimrod 250 EC, Topsin M 500 SC, Dithane Neotec 75 WG, Chiwerengero cha 250 EC, Discus 500 WG).
Ndikofunikira! Ngati maluwawo akukhudzidwa kwambiri, ndi bwino kuchotsa, kuti asawononge enawo. Olima munda amalangiza kuti musamabzala mallow kumadera okhudzidwa kwa zaka ziwiri.
Matenda ena ali ndi khansa ya stem, powdery mildew, mavairasi. Masamba odwala ayenera kuonongedwa. Mankhwala osakaniza ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ("Phyto-Doctor", "Mikosan-B", "Trichodermin", etc.).
Mwa tizirombo - nthawi zina munda wa slugs umayambitsa mallow. Mukhoza kumenyana ndi mankhwalawa, koma ndi bwino kusonkhanitsa mumsampha (zazikulu komanso zopanda madzi pang'ono ndi mowa), zomwe zingayidwe pozungulira mallow.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mallow m'madera osiyanasiyana
Malva ndi wotchuka osati kokha chifukwa cha kukongola kwake, komanso chifukwa chothandiza:
- machiritso. Mbali zonse za zomera zimakhala ndi mankhwala (koma makamaka mizu). Zosowa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga expectorant, anti-inflammatory, enveloping agents;
- luso. Mallow ndi maluwa ofiira amdima akugwiritsidwa ntchito popaka vinyo ndi ubweya wa nkhosa. Mallow Melyuka amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zingwe ndi hemp;
- chakudya. Mitundu yambiri ya mallow imadyetsedwa (mukhoza kuphika, kuimirira, kudya yaiwisi). Mallow ali ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chodyetsa zinyama. Mallow ndi chomera chosangalatsa cha uchi (maluwa ena onse ayamba kale).
Mukudziwa? Aigupto akale ankagwiritsa ntchito mbewu za mallow monga njira yoyeretsera miyendo yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Aarabu anawonjezera kalachik mu khofi. Ku China ndi Tibet, mbewu za mallow zimakhala ngati zokometsera zosiyanasiyana.
