Kodi kubzala ndi kukula nkhaka "Berendey"

Nkhaka - mwinamwake imodzi mwa zipatso zokondedwa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito yaiwisi, monga gawo la saladi osiyanasiyana, ndi pickling, pickling ndi kusunga. Zelentsy ikhoza kusangalatsa diso nthawi ya chilimwe. Odyetsa anabala mitundu yambiri yosiyana, yomwe inachotsa zofooka zina za chikhalidwe ndi kukhazikitsa makhalidwe ena abwino. Mmodzi wa ma hybrids awa ndi mtundu wa Berendey F1.

Malingaliro osiyanasiyana

Nkhaka "Berendey" ndi za mitundu yoyamba yakucha. Blossom makamaka mtundu wazimayi wa maluwa. Average chikwapu whip mwaluso nthambi. Masambawo ndi ofiira, kukula kwake. Nodeyi ili ndi ma ovari osachepera atatu.

Zina mwa zinthu zosiyanasiyanazi ndi izi:

bwino;
zogwiritsira ntchito, zogwiritsira ntchito salting ndi zakudya zakuda;
Zipatso zimaoneka bwino;
yoyenera kukula mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndi malo otseguka;
palibe chofunikira cha kuwonetsa mitundu (parthenocarpic zosiyanasiyana);
mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakwanira mokwanira kwa tizirombo ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse;
ali ndi zokolola zambiri.

Mukudziwa? Botany amagawira nkhaka ngati chipatso, kuchizira ngati mabulosi abodza. Pophika, chipatso chimatengedwa ngati masamba.

Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola

1.5 miyezi itatha mphukira zikuwonekera, zipatso zoyamba kucha. Ndi kusamalira bwino ndi nyengo yabwino kuchokera ku 1 square. Mitengo ya munda ikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa pafupifupi 14.5 makilogalamu a nkhaka. Mzere wa chipatso ukhoza kufika 45 mm, kutalika kwa chipatso - mpaka masentimita 14, pafupifupi kulemera kwake - 140 g. Maonekedwe a nkhaka ndi yolondola, pamtunda pali mavitamini openya omwe amawonekera bwino.

Yang'anirani nkhaka zoyambirira zakucha ngati: "Festoon ya Siberia", "Taganay", "Wopikisana", "Zozulya", "Finger", ndi "Courage".

Chobiriwira, pafupifupi mtundu wa emerald peel uli ndi mawonekedwe osakhwima. Nyama ndi yowutsa mudyo komanso yokoma, ndi kuluma kumapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale losiyana. Anatchulidwa fungo lokoma la masamba awa. Maphunzirowa ndi abwino kwambiri komanso ogwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsamba zosungira (salting).

Kusankhidwa kwa mbande

Ngati pazifukwa zina simunakulire mbande nokha, muyenera kugula pamsika. Kuchita izi kuli bwino, ndithudi, kuchokera kwa wopanga wodziwika, yemwe mukudziwa mbiri yake. Koma ngati izi sizingatheke, mudzafunika kuthana ndi wogulitsa wosadziwika. Zikatero, lankhulani ndi wopanga. Funsani iye za zosiyanasiyana zomwe amachitira nazo. Ngati munthu akuyankha molimba mtima mafunso anu, amadziwa zochuluka za mtundu umenewu, ndiye mutha kuchita nawo.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudziwe bwino mitundu yodabwitsa ya nkhaka.

Tsopano mukhoza kupita kukawona zojambulazo, kusankha kwake kuyenera kutsogozedwa ndi malamulo awa:

Kukula kwa mbeu sikuyenera kupitirira mwezi umodzi;
tsinde ayenera kukhala wathanzi komanso wandiweyani mokwanira, popanda zizindikiro zowuma;
Yang'anani mosamala mizu (yomwe ili yofookera mu nkhaka), iyenera kuyang'ana yathanzi, ikhale pansi ndipo ilibe zizindikiro zowuma;
pa mmera umodzi sayenera kukhala oposa 4 masamba a mdima wobiriwira;
kutalika kwa mphukira imodzi sayenera kupitirira 12-15 cm;
Yang'anani mosamala masamba a m'munsi, sayenera kupukutidwa ndi kutsekedwa (masamba omwewo angasonyeze kuti akugwiritsa ntchito owonjezera kukula);
Ndi zofunika kuti mbande zikhale pansi ndipo zinali zokwanira.

Ndikofunikira! Kumayambiriro a nkhaka mitundu, amai inflorescences amapangidwa pa tsinde lalikulu; chifukwa chaichi, mitundu iyi siinamangidwe.

Nthaka ndi feteleza

Nkhaka zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pa nthaka, kotero ngati mukufuna kukula mbewu, muyenera kudandaula za kukonzekera mabedi kuti mubzalidwe pasadakhale. Makamaka onse, ndi "Berendey" makamaka, amakonda loam kapena kumasuka mchenga loam. Dothi lokhala ndi asidi, komanso dothi lolemera, siloyenera kukula kwa masamba. PH ikhale yopanda ndale kapena yofooka.

Phunzirani momwe mungadyetse nkhaka mutabzala, mu wowonjezera kutentha, pa maluwa, komanso momwe mungadyetse yisiti, ayodini, ndi kuwonjezera mbewu ndi manyowa.

Choncho chinthu choyamba ndicho kudziwa kuchuluka kwa acidity m'nthaka. PH 7 imaonedwa ngati yachibadwa, mtengo wapansi ndi chizindikiro cha acidity yaikulu. Pansi pH, nthaka yosafunika kwambiri ndiyo kukula mbewu. Komabe, sitinganene kuti Berendey ndi yabwino kwa pH (mtundu wa nthaka zamchere). Monga tanena kale, ndi zofunika kuti chizindikiro chikhale pafupi ndi pH 7. Kusanthula dothi kwa acidity. Kuti mudziwe acidity, mungathe kulankhulana ndi labotoriyo, kapena mukhoza kugula chipangizo cha Alyamovsky, ndikudzipenda nokha, kutsatira malangizo. Ndi zophweka komanso zosavuta kuzifufuza pofufuza nthaka kuti ikhale yosakaniza pogwiritsa ntchito pepala (indicmus). Chizindikiro ichi chikugulitsidwa m'masitolo a zizindikiro zamagetsi.

Werengani komanso momwe mungazindikire acidity ya dothi, tengani feteleza ndi deoxidize.

Kuchita izi kuyenera kukhala motere:

Dulani pansi mpaka mamita 0.3m ndi bayonet spade;
Tengani zochepa zapadziko lapansi, zinyengani ndi madzi osungunuka, sakanizani bwino;
Pakati pa mapepala omwe amachokerapo, yesetsani chidutswa cha chizindikiro, gwirani mphindi imodzi;
chotsani chojambulidwacho ndi kufanizitsa mtundu wake ndi mphamvu yolamulira;
mtundu woyenera udzasonyeza pH mlingo wa nthaka yanu.

Ndizosayenera kukula nkhaka kumene achibale awo mu Banja la Dzungu akukula kwa iwo. Pachifukwa ichi, pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda ndi matenda osiyanasiyana monga chikhalidwe. Kuphika mabedi kubzala nkhaka ayenera kukhala kugwa. Dziko liyenera kukhala ndi umuna. Mukakhala kuti nthaka ili ndi asidi yapamwamba, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a zamchere zamchere.

Ufa wa Dolomite.

Sungani zinthu zochuluka zowonjezera:

lime;
ufa wa dolomite;
fumbi;
choko;
phulusa.

Mukangotentha kutentha, kumbani mabedi amtsogolo. Kutsika kwa dothi kuyenera kukhala osachepera 0,25 m. Kenaka theka lapamwamba la chinsalu chopukutidwa ndi kuthandizidwa ndi mtengowo liyenera kusakanizidwa ndi humus yokonzekera kuyambira autumn. Kuphika bwino humus - chuma chamaluwa ndi zomera. Amapanga humus kuchokera ku zamoyo zosiyanasiyana (udzu, masamba ogwa, manyowa, udzu). Pambuyo kukumba dothi, kupanga humus ndi kuthirira bwino, mabedi amtsogolo ayenera kukhala ndi filimu yamunda kwa masiku 3-5. Panthawiyi, nthaka imatha kuyenda bwino, ndipo humus idzayamba phindu.

Mukudziwa? Dziko lakwawo la nkhaka, lodziwika ndi mtundu wa anthu kale m'zaka za m'ma 2000 BC. e., ndi madera otentha a Indian subcontinent. M'mapiri a Tibet, chikhalidwe ichi chikhoza kupezeka mu mawonekedwe ake. M'Baibulo, amadziwika ngati masamba a ku Aigupto.

Mavuto akukula

Pamene mukukula nkhaka za mtundu wa Berendey, ndikofunika kutsatira malamulo osavuta:

mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakonda dothi lowala ndi msinkhu wa humus;
anabzala pamalo amodzi osati kale kuposa pambuyo pa zaka 4;
imakula bwino pambuyo pa tomato, nandolo, chimanga ndi mbatata zoyambirira;
mphukira zoipa pambuyo pa dzungu lonse;
nthaka kutentha sifupika kuposa +14 ° С;
Kutentha kwa mpweya kumaphatikizapo + 24 ... + 30 ° С;
nthaka iyenera kukhala yosungunuka bwino;
suppate wabwino potashi amafunika;
mlingo wokwanira wa CO2 mlengalenga;
malo ayenera kuyatsa bwino, pamene m'pofunika kupewa kuwala kwa dzuwa pa zomera, akhoza kutentha zowonongeka masamba.

Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba

Njira yowonjezera yowonjezera nkhaka - kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka. Ndi njira iyi, chomera chatsopano (chaka pafupifupi 1) chimabzalidwa m'nthaka, chomwe chimayamba kubala zipatso mwamsanga kusiyana ndi mbewu yomwe idabzalidwa pansi.

Timakula nkhaka pamalo otseguka, mu wowonjezera kutentha, pa khonde, pawindo pa nthawi yozizira, mu ndowa, mu mbiya ndi m'matumba.

Kudzilima nokha kwa mbande ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kugula. Inu mukudziwa nokha, kuchokera ku mbewu za mbande zomwe zimakula, musagwiritse ntchito zowonjezera zosiyana siyana zopatsa mphamvu. Tengani zovuta zofunika, pitirizani kuchuluka kwa nthaka ya chinyezi.

Kukonzekera Mbewu

Musanayambe kukonzekera mbewu za kubzala, sankhani mbewu zopanda kanthu. Kuti muchite izi, sungani mu kapu ya madzi 1 tsp. mchere ndikusungira mbeu m'madzi. Mbeu zomwe zimatsalira pamwamba zimatha kutayidwa - ziribe kanthu. Sungani nyemba zotsalira, zidutse ku gawo lotsatira la kukonzekera. Ngati mudagula mbewu za chizindikiro chodziwika bwino mu phukusili, safunikanso kuchitapo kanthu. Iwo akhala akuchiritsidwa kale ndi antiseptic ndi kukula zolimbikitsa. Ngati munagula mbewu kapena mumagwiritsa ntchito zanu, ndiye kuti ziyenera kukonzedwa musanadzalemo. Oyenera pa cholinga ichi:

Kulowa mu 1% potaziyamu permanganate yankho kwa mphindi 20;
akulowa mu 0,5% yothetsera koloko yothetsera tsiku limodzi. Ndondomeko yotereyi, kuphatikizapo kutetezedwa kwa disinfection, ili ndi zotsatira zowonjezera kumera;
phytosporin yankho.

Pambuyo pa aseptic processing yobzala zakuthupi ayenera kuumitsidwa. Kuti muchite izi, muzisiya mbewuyo m'firiji usiku wonse, kenako muwalole iwo adzikhala pa radiator. Mu njira yosavutayi, timasintha mbewu kuti izizizira kutentha, kutentha ndi kuzizira.

Ndikofunikira! Manyowa a mahatchi odyetsa nkhaka amatsutsana chifukwa chokhala ndi ammonia.

Tsopano ndikofunika kuti muzitha kubzala. Izi ziyenera kuchitika motere:

Lembani mwapang'ono kanyumba kakang'ono kofiira ndi madzi (njira yabwino ndi nsalu ya khitchini 30x30 cm).
Ikani chopukutira pamtunda wosasunthika kwambiri kuti theka la chopukutira likhale pa mbale, ndipo theka lachiwiri limapachikidwa. Thirani madzi pansi kuti misozi ikhale yonyowa, koma palibe madzi pansi pa mbale.
Ikani nyemba pa chophimba, pezani pamwamba ndi gawo lomwe limapachikidwa.
Kuchokera pamwamba kumangiriza mbale filimu, iyo idzapanga microclimate yofunikira.
Nthawi ndi nthawi chotsani filimuyi, patapita masiku angapo, ziphuphu zimachokera kumbewu. Zitha kubzalidwa panthaka pofika kutalika kwa 7-10 mm (pafupifupi masiku 4-6).

Zokhudzana ndi malo

Malingana ndi chiwerengero cha mbeu, mungagwiritse ntchito chidebe cha mbeu pa mbeu iliyonse (zotayidwa makapu ndi mabowo, mapeyala a peat) kapena chidebe chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mbewu zingapo (mazira a dzira, mabasiketi a pulasitiki, etc.). Zikatero, ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yanu yonse, pamene mbeu ifika pamasentimita asanu ndi awiri (5-6 cm) (pambuyo pa masamba awiri enieni), iyenera kuikidwa pamtundu uliwonse.

Sankhani mphamvu yoyenera ya mbande.

Kuika matanki kuyenera kuikidwa pamtambo wofewa komanso wofunda. Mbande zoyera ndi zofunika kwambiri, komanso kutentha. Zikakhala kuti palibe kutentha kokwanira, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowonjezera yotentha (nyali, zotentha).

Njira yobzala mbewu

Kubzala mbewu za mbande kum'mwera kwa Russia ndi Ukraine lonse kuyamba kuzungulira April. Mofananamo, tsiku lofesa mbewu likhoza kuwerengedwa malinga ndi nyengo. Nkhaka ziyenera kubzalidwa potseguka pansi, pamene dziko lapansi limawombera 1212 ° C kufika mamita 0,1m. Kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumayenera kukhala +20 ° C ndipamwamba, ndipo kutentha kwa usiku sikuyenera kugwera pansi + 14 ... +16 ° C . Kuchokera masiku oyambirira omwe amakumana ndi nyengo izi, chotsani milungu 4. Ili ndi tsiku lovomerezeka la kufesa mbande. Masiku angapo musanabzala mbewu, m'pofunika kudzaza nthaka yokonzedwa mu chidebe cha mbande, pokhalapo pansi pamadzi (pansi pa dothi, polystyrene foam).

Mukhoza kugula mapepala apadera m'sitolo, ndipo mukhoza kukonzekera:

nthaka ya dothi - 2/5 magawo;
peat - 2/5;
utuchi - 1/10;
manyowa - 1/10.

Kapena zolemba zoterozo:

manyowa ovunda - 3/5 magawo;
pansi - 3/10;
mchenga - 1/10.

Mukudziwa? Kuchokera ku Agiriki akale, nkhaka zinasamukira ku Roma, kumene pafupifupi zaka za m'ma VIII-IX zinayamba kufulumira ku Ulaya. Kazembe wa ku Germany Herberstein "Ndemanga za ulendo wopita ku Muscovy" kwa nthawi yoyamba imatchula nkhaka mu ufumu wa Russia mu 1528.

Nthaka iyenera kuwerengedwera mu uvuni ku 180 ° C kwa mphindi 20 kapena kuthira ndi mankhwala a potassium permanganate 2% pamtentha wa 100 ° C (madzi otentha).

Tsopano ndikofunika kufalitsa feteleza m'nthaka pa mlingo wa 10 malita a osakaniza:

superphosphate - 15 g;
sulfate ya potaziyamu - 8 g;
urea - 7 g;
magnesium sulphate - 2 g

Superphosphate. Nthaka muzitsulo ziyenera kukwaniridwa mokwanira, koma chinyezi choposa ndi chosayenera. Lembani zitsulo ndi 4/5 voliyumu masiku 4-5 musanadzalemo, panthawiyi mukwaniritse mlingo woyenera wa chinyezi (kuthirira pansi kapena kuika zida pa batri kuti zitha kusungunuka mchere wambiri). Pamene mbeu ndi nthaka zatha, mukhoza kuyamba kubzala. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito zida zanu, pangani dothi lanu lachitsulo m'nthaka ndi masentimita 0,5 masentimita. Muphunguwu, perekani mbewu ndikuwaza ndi wosanjikiza wa nthaka kuti pakhale dothi lolemera pafupifupi 1 masentimita pamwamba pa mbeu. Ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito tray wamba pambewu zingapo, pangani pulasitala pamtunda. Ikani mbewu mmenemo pakadutsa masentimita 6 mpaka 7, ndikuwaza nyembazo ndi nthaka mofanana ndi njira yapitayi. Njirayi ndi yoipa kwambiri kuposa momwe munthu akudzala kuti mphukira iyenera kuikidwa posachedwa.

Kusamalira mbande

Mu chisamaliro cha nkhaka mbande, choyamba, zigawo zitatu ziyenera kuyendetsedwa:

kutentha;
kuthirira;
kuunikira

Kwa mbande, kutentha kwakukulu ndi 20 ... +23 ° С. Zikakhala kuti kumapeto kwa msinkhuwu ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, nkofunika kuti dothi likhale lokwanira komanso kuti liwononge chipinda. Ngati mutachepetsa kutentha, mungagwiritse ntchito fitolampa. Nyali zoterezi zingagulidwe m'masitolo apadera. Kuwonjezera pa kutentha, amapereka kuwala kofunikira kuti kukula kwa mbande kukhale koyenera.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati nyali zochepa sizingakwanitse, zimapangidwira kwambiri, ndiye kuti zimakhala zovuta kubzala mbande zoterozo. Kuphatikiza apo, amayamba kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana.

Ngati itayidwa kunja, nyali ya 60 Watt ili yoyenera kuunikira. Ngati nyengo ikakhala dzuwa, kuwala kwa chilengedwe kudzakhala kokwanira. Kwa kuthirira mbande ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda okha, kutentha pafupifupi 25 ° C. Onetsetsani kuti dothi limakhala lofewa, koma palibe chomwe chimayambitsa (chinyezi choopsa ndi chowopsa ku mizu).

Komabe, ngati mchere wochulukirapo wochulukirapo, sungani mbeu pamalo otentha kuti madzi asamawonongeke mwamsanga ndipo asamamwe madzi kwa kanthawi. Ngati nthaka iuma - gwiritsani ntchito utsi. Ndi kukula kwa mbande kumafunika kuumitsidwa. Pa tsiku lopanda mphepo, ponyani kunja pa khonde kapena kutsegula zenera. Yambani ndi ndondomeko ya mphindi zisanu, kuwonjezerapo tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi 3-5. Ndi kukula kwa mbande mu thanki ndikofunika kuthira nthaka. Njirayi iyenera kuchitika kawiri ngati mbeu ikukula.

Pezani masiku angapo a nkhaka.

Kuwonjezera apo, mbande zimafunika kudyetsa kwina. Dyetsani kukula pang'ono pafupi 2-3. Nthawi yoyamba - chitatha tsamba loyamba, pambuyo pa tsamba lachiwiri - kachiwiri kudya. Patatha milungu iwiri mutatha kudya kachiwiri. Mukhoza kugula feteleza zosungirako zofunazi, ndipo mukhoza kuziphika nokha. Ndi zophweka kuchita, m'munsiyi ndi Chinsinsi cha feteleza, mwangwiro kudyetsa achinyamata nkhaka:

madzi - 3 l;
nkhuku zinyalala - 50 g;
superphosphates - 4 g;
ammonium nitrate - 2 g;
potaziyamu sulphate - 4 g

Zolembazi zimapangidwa kavalidwe koyamba, mtsogolo, chiwerengero cha zosakaniza (kupatula madzi) chiyenera kupitsidwanso kawiri.

Mukudziwa? Malo ogulitsira mbewu ndi ofanana ndi nthawi yathu. Mitundu yoyamba ya greenhouses yamakono yakhazikitsidwa ku Roma wakale. Chifukwa chake mfumu Tiberius ankalakalaka kuwona zobiriwira pa desiki yake tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kuwaza mbande pansi

Pamene dziko lili lotentha ndipo mbande zako zili okonzeka, zikhoza kuikidwa pansi. Ngati nthawi ikadalire kubzala mbewu, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya sikukwera mokwanira, kuchepetsa kuthirira, izi zidzakuchepetsanso kukula. Mukasankha kubzala mbande zazing'ono, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya si kokwanira, gwiritsani ntchito filimu yamaluwa. Nthawi yeniyeni yoyenera kuziika nkhaka pansi ndi khumi zoyambirira za June, pansi pa filimuyo ndi chiyambi cha zaka khumi zachiwiri za May. 2 masabata asanadzalemo nkhaka ayenera kuphika bedi la munda. Kukumba grooves ndi akuya 0.2-0.25 mamita m'tsogolo bedi bedi.Pansi pa pulasitiki muyenera kuika manyowa, mukhoza kuthira manyowa, kuwaza feteleza ndi dothi.

Mbande ziyenera kufesedwa mozungulira ndi mamita 0,25 m, pakati pa mizera - 0.6 mamita. Ndi njira iyi yobzalidwa, mbewu iliyonse idzalandira dzuwa lokwanira.
Musanayambe kuika mbande pamabedi, kukumba dzenje pansi pa mmera uliwonse, kutsanulira ndi kuika manyowa kapena manyowa pansi.
Chotsani mmera mosamala ndi dothi kuchokera ku chidebe cha mbeu (ngati mbande ziri mu poto, perekani ndi izo) ndikuyika mmera mu dzenje.
Mbande ziyenera kuikidwa mu dzenje kuti pamwamba pa gawo lapansi ndi 1-1.5 cm pansi pa nthaka. Kenaka perekani chomeracho ndi nthaka ndi mopepuka manja.
Imwani nyemba ndi madzi otentha ndikuphimba mizu ndi udzu. Njirayi idzapanga microclimate yowonjezera (kutuluka kwa madzi kumathamanga ndipo kwa nthawi ndithu kutentha kwakukulu kudzasungidwa m'dera lapafupi).

Ndikofunikira! Kuzala nkhaka mbande zopangidwa, motsogoleredwa ndi malamulo ena. Nthanga za mbande sizingakhoze kuikidwa m'manda mwamphamvu. Nkhaka zamasamba zimasulidwa. Spud chomera sichiyenera, mwinamwake chidzafa. Chikhalidwe chimenechi chimafuna madzi okwanira nthawi zonse komanso mosamalitsa.

Agrotechnics ikukula mbewu zowonekera

Njira yofalikira ya kulima nkhaka ndi yofala kwambiri. Ndi njira iyi, mbewu zimabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo m'mitsitsi, pabedi lotseguka kapena kutentha.

Pangani mabedi apamwamba pa kanyumba ndikupanga mipanda.

Zochitika kunja

Kwa kulima nkhaka "Berendey" mu njira yopanda mbewu ikuyenerera onse wowonjezera kutentha ndi mabedi otseguka. Kukonzekera kwa dothi kumachitika mofanana ndi kukula kwa mbande, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa. Yang'anani chiwembu pansi pa mabedi, limbeni ndi kulikonzekera kugwa. Ngati izo zalephera kuchita izi mu kugwa, mu April mukhoza kuchita chirichonse mwa njira yophweka. Mukakhala kuti nthaka ikutha, ndipo kugwa simunawonjezere laimu, phulusa kapena choko, simukuyenera kuchita izi masika. Izo zikwanira madzi zamchere organic feteleza.

Njira yobzala mbewu pansi

Mbewu iyenera kubzalidwa pamene nthaka kutentha imakwera mpaka 16 ... +18 ° С. Ku Central Russia, ili pafupi theka lachiwiri la May. Kum'mwera kwa Russia ndi gawo lonse la Ukraine - zaka khumi zoyambirira za May. Tisanabzala, timakonza mbewu mofanana ndi kukula kwa mbande. Chokhacho chiyenera kulipidwa kwambiri kuumitsa. Pambuyo pa disinfection (potaziyamu permanganate kapena koloko), kukulunga mbeu mu nsalu yonyowa ndi refrigerate masiku atatu.

Pambuyo pake, chotsani chodzala mufiriji ndikuchiyika masiku atatu pamalo otentha. Ndikofunika kukonzekera bedi kuti mubzalidwe mbeu mofanana ndi momwe zimayendera mmera (kuwonjezera humus, kuthira madzi otentha ndi kusiya pansi pa filimuyi masiku atatu). Pangani mabowo 5 cm chakuya, mtunda pakati pa mabowo - 0, 25 m, mzere - 0.6 mamita. Pambuyo pake, ngati mphukira zingapo zikukwera, ziyenera kudulidwa.

Ngati mukufuna kuwona zokolola zabwino, tsatirani malamulo osavuta:

nthawi ndi nthawi chotsani kutsetsereka kwa nthaka;
Chotsani namsongole mosamala, ndibwino kuti muzichita ndi manja anu (mizu ya nkhaka ndi yofooka ndi yoweta ndi yoopsa);
kupanga mapuloteni ndi kumangiriza mphukira;
Pambuyo kuthirira kulikonse, mutsitsimutsa mitsempha ndi nthaka mwachindunji pamabedi;
manyowa dzikolo 1 nthawi masabata 1.5-2.

Mukudziwa? Aberekedwe ochokera ku UAE adabweretsa kacumber mawonekedwe a cubic.

Kuthirira

Ngati nyengo imvula, kuthirira mobwerezabwereza sikofunika. Ngati nyengo yowuma, ndiye kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku kuyenera kuchitidwa. Ndi bwino kuchita izi ndi madzi otentha (+ 23 ... +25 ° C) mpaka 9 koloko m'mawa oyambirira. Ndipo perekani madzi okwanira nthawi yamadzulo nthawi yomwe chomera chimayamba kubereka zipatso.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuwerenga za momwe mungamwetse nkhaka panja ndi kutentha.

Pakakhala kuti palibe agalu komanso kutentha kwa mpweya chifukwa cha kukula kwa nkhaka sikokwanira mokwanira, kutsanulira madzi otentha (+ 55 ... +60 ° C) ndi madzi pansi pa shrub, kuti chinyezi chisagwe pamasamba. Mlingo wa ulimi wothirira - 5-6 malita a madzi pa 1 lalikulu. mamita sabata iliyonse isanayambe maluwa. Pamene chomera chimayamba kuphuka ndi kubala chipatso, kuthirira kuyenera kuwonjezeka mpaka 13-25 malita mlungu uliwonse. Muyenera kuthirira chikhalidwe ndi madzi okwanira. Kugwiritsira ntchito phula, makamaka madzi apampopi, ndizosafunika kwambiri. Mukhoza kukhazikitsa madzi otsekemera omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku mabotolo a pulasitiki:

Mu botolo la botolo ndi mphamvu ya malita awiri, mabowo 5-7 amapangidwa ndi msomali wotentha, ndiye nkhumba imadzazidwa ndi chigamba.
Khoma la botololi limakhala lozungulira pamtunda, pamtunda wa masentimita atatu kuchokera pansi, kotero kuti pansi zimaletsa zowonongeka kuti zisalowe mu chidebe, koma pozigwedeza, mukhoza kutsanulira madzi mu botolo.
Pafupi ndi chitsamba cha nkhaka, dzenje limakumbidwa mozama (13-15 masentimita) kuti botolo limakhala pambali pake (chinyama ndi mavowo omwe ali ndi mpumulo pansi pa dzenje).

Ndikofunikira! Yesani kuyesa malo abwino a chinyezi. Pukutsani mpira kuchokera kudothi laling'ono la padziko lapansi. Ngati mutatha kupanga mpira - chinyezi ndi cholondola, ngati chikufalikira ndi smears - nthaka imakhala yonyowa kwambiri, ngati ikuphwanya - pali kusowa kwa chinyezi.

Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira

Kuweta m'mizere ya nkhaka sikuchitika kasanu ndi katatu pa nthawi yonse ya kukula, mizera pakati pa mizere imakula mpaka maulendo anayi. Samasulani nthaka pamodzi ndi kulima ndi kupatulira mbande. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti asawononge mizu ya zomera.

Masking

C imanena kuti mitundu yomwe ili ndi mtundu wazimayi wambiri wa maluwa, womwe Berendey ndiwe, susowa kuti ukhale wodulidwa. Pankhani iyi, ikhoza kuvulaza zomera. Ndondomeko yoyendayenda ndi yofunika pa nthawi yomwe zomera sizibala chipatso. Zokometsera zowonongeka zimawoneka ngati zidzukulu, chifukwa chomera chomwe chimapatsa zakudya zofunikira kuti apange mazira.

Pezani zomwe mungachite kuti mupange nkhaka.

Belt girter

Makamaka ayenera kulipira kwa zomera za garter. Nazi zifukwa zina zomwe muyenera kuzigwirira:

Nkhuka zamasulidwa zimakhala ndi malo osachepera, choncho, n'zotheka kudzala zitsamba zambiri kumalo omwewo;
garter imathandizira kukolola;
Kuyanjana ndi dziko kumawonjezera ngozi ya matenda osiyanasiyana ndi maonekedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mphukira ndi inflorescences zimawoneka pa chikwapu chomangidwa, chomwe chimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola;
chomera chodalira kumafuna kusamalira kochepa;
Zipatso zomangiriza lashes zimalandira kuwala, motero, zipse msanga.

Ndondomeko yodula nkhaka. Ndondomekoyi imachitika pambuyo pa kukula kwa tsinde ku 0.3-0.35 m. Panthawiyi, masamba 4-6 odzala ndi kukula. Ndikofunika kwambiri kukonza garter m'mawa, isanafike. Malamulo oyambirira omwe akuyenera kutsatiridwa pakumangiriza kupweteka:

trellis iyenera kukhazikitsidwa pasadakhale pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mizu;
Pofuna kuthandizira mliri, gwiritsani ntchito nsalu (m'lifupi - 3-4 masentimita), chifukwa zingwe zikuvulaza zimayambira;
Ndikofunika kupeza tsinde pansi pa tsamba loyamba kapena lachiwiri;
pamene kutayika kuli nthambi yochuluka, njira zowonongeka ziyenera kumangirizidwa mosiyana, mwinamwake iwo akhoza kulimbikitsa kholo lawo, kuvulaza iye;
pamene tsinde lalikulu likukula mu trellis, liyenera kupanikizidwa, mwinamwake ilo lidzapitirira kutalika kutalika, kuteteza mphukira zowonjezera kuti zisapite patsogolo.

Mukudziwa? Anthu a ku Ulaya amakonda nkhaka mitundu ndi yosalala pamwamba yomwe alibe prickles. Zipatso ndi minga zimatcha "Russian nkhaka".

Pogwiritsa ntchito trellis mudzafunikira zitsulo ziwiri zitsulo kapena matabwa, nsalu za thonje za thonje, waya ndi chingwe. Asanayambe kukwera, zothandizira matabwa zimapangidwa ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi anti-bakteria kapena zojambulajambula, ndipo zothandizira zitsulo zimakhala zojambula kapena zotsutsidwa.

Pali mitundu iyi ya garters:

yopanda malire. Pafupi ndi zomera, mapaipi awiri amayendetsedwa m'mphepete mwa bedi. Pakati pao, pamtunda wa 0.25-0.3 mamita, zingwe zili zolimba, ndipo zingwe zidzasokonezeka. Zingwe zowonjezereka zingagwirizane wina ndi mnzake pamtunda uliwonse mamita 0.7-1. Mapangidwewa ndi ophweka kupanga, ogwira ntchito, koma ali ndi pulback imodzi: chithandizo chokwanira chimayambira kutsamira ndi mthunzi mbali ya chomera. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, muyenera kupanga apamwamba kwambiri ndipo musaiwale kuti muzitsitsa zomera zikafika kutalika;

zowonekera. Zothandizira zimayikidwa mofanana ndi njira yapitayi - pamphepete mwa bedi. Pamwamba pakati pa zothandizira, chingwe chimagwedezeka, zingwe zomangirira zimamangirizidwa kwa izo molingana ndi chiwerengero cha zomera. Pamwamba pa ulusi uliwonse womangirizidwa ndi chingwe chowongolera. Mosiyana ndi njirayi, yikani khola loyang'ana pambali pafupi ndi chomera chilichonse. Njirayi ndi yabwino kuyang'anira zomera zambiri;

wosakanizidwa. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zomera zidabzalidwa mu bwalo. Chithandizo chimayikidwa pakati, nkhonya imayendetsedwa pafupi ndi chomera chilichonse. Pakati pa msomali ndi pakati, chingwe chimatambasulidwa chomwe chikwapu chingapotoze;

khoma. Pakati pa zothandizira ziwirizi, zomwe zili pamphepete mwa bedi, galasi yokhala ndi selo yaikulu yatambasula. Ngati bedi liri lalitali, kuti tipewe mauna akugwedezeka, osati zothandizira ziwiri, koma zambiri. Pakati pa zowonjezera ziwirizi zimakhazikitsa magawo angapo. Mtundu wa garter wotere ndi galasi la waya kapena intersecting slats (munda pergola).

Ndikofunikira! Mukamapanga galasi, zingwe siziyenera kukhazikika mwamphamvu, kumangiriza tsinde. Azisiye momasuka.

Kupaka pamwamba

Chakudya choyamba chiyenera kuchitika pambuyo pa mphukira zoyamba. Mbeu zowonjezera mbewu zimadyetsedwa pambuyo pakuonekera kwa masamba awiri oyambirira owona. Kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa gawo loyamba la feteleza zimadalira nthawi yodyera. Nthawi yotsatira muyenera kudyetsa chomera mu masabata awiri pambuyo pa nthawi yoyamba. Pali kudyetsa kwa basal ndi foliar.

Wopambana. Manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupi kwambiri ndi muzu. Feteleza amasungunuka m'madzi ndipo amamwetsa mofatsa m'dera la basal kuti mankhwalawo asafike pa masamba.
Foliar. Sitsani chomeracho ndi njira yothetsera ndondomeko yotsika kuti musatenthe masamba. Nthawi zina zidazi zimagawidwa.

Mwa organic feteleza, mullein amaonedwa kuti ndibwino kwa nkhaka. Amasungunuka m'madzi (1:10) ndipo zotsatira zake zimameretsa nthaka pa mlingo wa 1 l ndalama zothandizira achinyamata. Korovyak. Ndizoyenera ngati ntchentche za mbalame za feteleza (nkhuku, njiwa). Njirayi imakonzedwanso mofanana ndi momwe mullein amagwiritsira ntchito (1:10), koma makapu awiri okha a phulusa ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ku mankhwala opangidwa. Mankhwala amodzi a feteleza amafunika pa mbeu. Zojambula za mbalame. Zovala zapamwamba ndi urea. 50 g wa urea imasungunuka mu 10 malita a madzi. 0.2-0.25 l wa zotsatira chifukwa cha jekeseni muzu wa aliyense chomera. Simungakhoze kusakaniza urea ndi superphosphates kapena laimu, mwinamwake zinthuzo zidzachitapo kanthu ndi nitrojeni zomwe chomeracho chikusowa chidzasokonezeka. Urea Ammofosk. Gawani 25-30 g ya feteleza mofanana pakati pa mizere, kenako musakaniyanitse ndi nthaka, ndikukumba pang'ono. Ngati chomeracho chili ndi thanzi, sichiyenera kuberekedwa panthawi ya maluwa. Ammofoska imathandiza kuchepetsa mlingo wa nitrates mu zipatso.

Mukudziwa? Mu mzinda wa Nezhin, umene uli m'dera la Chernihiv ku Ukraine ndipo umatchuka chifukwa cha nkhaka zake zotchuka kwambiri, nkhalango ya greengrass yakhazikitsidwa.

Zikakhala kuti zipatso zimakula mofooka, khalani ndi mawonekedwe ofiira, ndizofunika kuzidyetsa iwo kuwonjezera:

ammonium nitrate - 20 g;
superphosphate - 25 g;
potaziyamu nitrate - 10 g;
madzi - 10 l.

Dyetsani chomera chilichonse 0,25 l cha feteleza panthawi ya fruiting. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafayiu mungagwiritse ntchito njira zotsatirazi:

madzi ofunda - 10 l;
superphosphate - 35 g

Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opangidwa kuti mupulumuke zomera m'mawa kapena madzulo kuti mupewe kuwala kwa dzuwa pa masamba. Popopera mbewu zamakono, chida chotsatirachi ndi choyenera:

boric acid - 5 g;
potaziyamu permanganate - 0.5-1 g;
madzi - 10 l.

Panthawi ya fruiting, kudyetsa nkhaka kumawonjezera chiwerengero cha mazira, kumabweretsa chonde komanso kukoma kwa makhalidwe a masamba. Nkhaka zambiri zimafunikira microelements, makamaka potaziyamu, magnesium ndi phosphorous. Ndi bwino kuphatikiza feteleza ndi feteleza ndi feteleza. Chida china chabwino panthawi ya fruiting:

potaziyamu nitrate - 25 g;
madzi - 10 l.

Manyowawa ndi okwanira pafupifupi 35-40 zomera. Pa nthawi yonse ya fruiting, njira ya urea imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Pambuyo pa feteleza akugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yachitatu, muyenera kudyetsa iwo pakapita masabata awiri.

Onani mitundu ya feteleza yamchere.

Njira zina zochizira popatsa nkhaka:

yisiti.Kudyetsa uku kumathandiza kukula kwa mizu, kumawonjezera chomera chitetezo, kuwonjezereka kwake kukana matenda osiyanasiyana. Sula phukusi la yisiti yaiwisi mu 2 malita a madzi ofunda, onjezerani 5 tbsp pamenepo. supuni ya shuga, sakanizani bwino ndi kuika pamalo otentha. Pambuyo pa tsiku limodzi, tsitsani wort wofukiza mu malita 10 a madzi.

Dyetsani chomera ndi mankhwalawa. Kugwiritsa ntchito - 1 litre pa chomera. Ndikofunika kutsanulira njira pansi pazu. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza ndi feteleza mchere koposa kawiri pa mwezi;

phulusa. Mu 10 malita a madzi ofunda kupasuka 0.2-0.25 makilogalamu a phulusa. Kugwiritsa ntchito - 1 litre pa chomera. Phulusa imasakanizidwa kuzungulira tchire pofuna kupewa matenda.

Ndikofunikira! Mtengo wa caloriki wa kilogalamu imodzi ya nkhaka ndi pafupifupi 150 kcal. Chipatso ichi chikhoza kuonedwa ngati chakudya.

Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa

Nkhaka, monga zamasamba ena, zimadwala matenda osiyanasiyana ndi kupha tizilombo. Zina mwa matendawa ndi awa:

downy mildew (peronosporosis). Matenda a bowa wa nkhaka, omwe mawanga achikasu amawoneka pa masamba odwala, imvi imatuluka kumbuyo kwa mawanga. Matendawa amayamba mu mvula yambiri (kutentha, mame) ndi kutentha kwa mpweya + 17 ... +23 ° С. Cholinga cha matendawa chikhoza kubzala zinyalala.

Pofuna kupewa matendawa, muyenera kusinthanitsa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndiwo zamasamba. Mu malo otentha, kutentha kumafunika kukhala +25 ° С ndipamwamba, pafupifupi kutentha kwa mpweya ndi 85%. Za mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito "Phindu la Gold". Zitangoyamba zizindikiro za matendawa, zomera ziyenera kupangidwa ndi kukonzekera komwe kuli mkuwa (Bordeaux madzi, "Abigak Peak", "Oksikhom", "Khom", "Ordan", etc.). Ngati matendawa akudziwonetsanso panthawi ya fruiting, gwiritsani ntchito Fitosporin-M ndi Alirin-B. Njira zothandizira powdery mildew ziyenera kusinthidwa.

powdery mildew. Matenda a fungal, omwe ali ndi mawanga oyera, ofanana ndi ufa wothira, pambali kutsogolo kwa pepala. Ichi ndi mycelium causative wothandizira matendawa. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono tsamba limakwirira pepala lonse.

Chifukwa cha matendawa amagwera ndi 1/3 zokolola m'mabedi otseguka komanso 2/3 m'mabotolo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mankhwala "Topaz", pogwiritsa ntchito fruiting colloidal sulfure, "Tiovit Jet", "Fitosporin-M" kapena "Alirin-B". Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa pa zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa, ndipo pambuyo pake - 1 nthawi masabata 1-1,5;

Mukudziwa? July 27 ndi Tsiku la Nkhaka Zamdziko Lonse. Ku Suzdal, dera la Vladimir, lero tsiku loyamba lokondwerera Phwando la Nkhaka.

cladozoriosis (mtundu wa maolivi wofiira). Matenda a fungal, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwira chipatso, masamba - masamba ndi zimayambira. Pachiyambi choyamba, timadzi timene timakula, timatha kufika 0,5 masentimita m'mimba mwake. Mitengo ya peel, imatulutsa mawonekedwe a thupi. Ngati chinyezi chiri chapamwamba, mawanga amakhala ndi mdima wandiweyani. / li]

Masamba omwe amakhudzidwa ndi matendawa, kumayambiriro kwa fruiting amakhala ndi mawanga ochepa. Chidebe pamasamba osati chokongola, mitundu yowala siili yosiyana. Zagawo zonse zimachokera ku masamba akale, tsinde limaphimbidwa ndi zilonda zouma.

Matendawa amayamba kutentha kuchokera ku +5 mpaka +30 ° C, kutentha kwapakati pa 35 mpaka 100%. Komabe, zikhalidwe zabwino kwambiri pa chitukuko cha matenda - kuchepetsa kutentha usiku kufika pafupifupi +17 ° C ndi chinyezi cha 90% kapena kuposa;

mizu zowola. Zimakhala zofala kwambiri m'mitengo ya greenhouses, komanso zimachitika m'minda yotseguka. Masamba otsika amatembenukira chikasu choyamba, ndiye kutentha konse kumatha.

Matendawa akhoza kukula chifukwa cha kutentha kwapansi kwa nthaka kapena kutentha kwa nthaka ndi feteleza mchere. Komanso chinthu chowopsya chingakhale kuthirira mbewu ndi madzi ozizira.

Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa nyengo yamitambo ndi dzuwa lowala kumatha kuyambitsa matenda. Gawo lotsatira la matenda ndi kuwonongedwa kwa mizu, zomera zodwala zimatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta m'nthaka;

imvunda (botrytis). Matendawa amapezeka mumtunda wa greenhouses, komanso amapezeka m'minda yamaluwa. Zipatso za zomera zimakhudzidwa. Pofuna kusamala, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuzungulira mbewu, kusunga kutentha kwa +19 ° C ndi kupitirira pamtunda wa 90%.

Malamulo ena omwe ayenera kutsatiridwa kuti ateteze ku matenda ndi zirombo:

N'zosatheka kupanga nayitrogeni ambiri ndi feteleza kuti masamba ndi zimayambira zisakhale zofewa ndi zoonda.
Simungakhoze kubzala nkhaka nthawi zambiri: imalepheretsa kupeza mpweya. Mpweya wamkuntho wochuluka komanso kuphulika kungawononge chitukuko cha matenda osiyanasiyana.
Ndikofunika kupewa maphunziro ku malo odyera obiriwira. Onetsetsani kuti palibe ma drafts m'nyengo yozizira. Mukakwera mawindo otseguka kuchokera kumbali kumene kulibe mphepo.
Yesani kuvulaza zomera ndi zipatso.Kuvulala kwazomera ndi mwayi wa mabakiteriya ochititsa matenda.
Zipatso zomwe zimadwala ndikusiya nthawi yomweyo kuchotsa ndi kuwononga, sizingatheke pa mliriwu.

Ndikofunikira! Mphukira zatsopano masentimita 40, zikuwonekera pa nkhaka zamasamba, zimatenga 1.5 makilogalamu a zipatso.

Mawu ochepa okhudza tizirombo omwe angayambe kuwopsya nkhaka:

aphid - Momwemonso mafinya ambiri pa nkhaka. Kuwoneka pa zomera ndi masamba 3-4. Masamba okhudzidwawo amayamba kuphulika, kukula kwa mapulaneti akutha, posakhalitsa mbewu imamwalira. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimatulutsa chikwangwani chokhazikika, chomwe chiri malo abwino kuti chitukuko ndi kukula kwa matenda a fungal.

Kuwonongeka kwa nsabwe za m'masamba kunagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwalawa: "Iskra-M", "Iskra Gold", "Iskra zotsatira ziwiri", "Confidor" kapena "Commander". Ngati pali chithandizo chobwezeretsa, muyenera kukonzekera kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisakane.

Pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo timene timagwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimakhala ndi nthawi yodikira masiku 1-2 ("Iskra Bio", "Akarin", "Fitoverm", "Agravertin");

kangaude Kawirikawiri mumapita kumalo obiriwira, mpweya umene umadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka. Mitengo ya chikasu imaonekera kumbuyo kwa tsamba. Pachizindikiro choyamba, kupopera mbewu ndi sulfure kapena tiovit Jet amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Patapita sabata, yambani kupopera mankhwala kachiwiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kokhala ndi sulufule, kuthirira chomeracho chiyenera kuchitidwa pokhapokha muzu kuti asamatsuke ndalamazo.

Pamalo otseguka, nkhupaku imapezeka mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe pa kutentha kwa mpweya wa +31 ° C komanso pamwamba ndi chinyezi cha pafupifupi 40%. Bitoxibacillin ndi biologics motsutsana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha nkhupakupi;

oyendetsa minda - majeremusi omwe amaonekera pa nkhaka pa fruiting. Thandizo la Aphid ndiloyenera kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kukolola ndi Kusungirako

Nkhumba zokolola "Berendey" ndizofunikira mwamsanga zipatso zikafika kukula kwake kofunikira pa cholinga chawo: amadyera omwe afika mamita 7-8 masentimita adzakhala oyenera salting ndi kusunga, 10-12 masentimita ndi zambiri saladi. Pamene mbeu ikuyamba kubala zipatso zambiri, mbeu iyenera kukololedwa osachepera tsiku lililonse, mwinamwake kuphuka kwa chikasu kudzalepheretsa kukula kwa zipatso zazing'ono. Ndi bwino kukolola kawiri pa tsiku - m'mawa ndi madzulo. Komanso musaiwale kuchotsa zipatso zonse zopunduka ndi matenda, ndi zosiyana zapadera.

Mukudziwa? Mtengo waukulu kwambiri wa nkhaka padziko lapansi ndi China. China imakula nkhaka zokwana 30 kuposa Russia, yomwe imakhala yachiwiri, ndipo pafupifupi 6 peresenti ya zokolola zonse za anthu asanu ndi anayi akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi.

Nthawi yokolola imakhudza kukula kwa chipatso. Kawirikawiri kukolola amadyera, zipatso zambiri zikuwoneka, zoyenera kutetezedwa. Nthawi yochepa yokolola imayambitsa kupanga zipatso zazikulu, zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawonekedwe opangira ndi saladi. Kololani mbewu yotsalayo iyenera kukhala pokhapokha pa kuyamba kwa chisanu. Ngati nkhaka imabereka zipatso isanafike, zipatso zonse zotsala ziyenera kuchotsedwa ku mliriwu. Kuwunika ndi kusankha kungapangidwe mtsogolo.

Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kudziwa mtundu wa nkhaka mitundu yabwino kwambiri, momwe mungapezere mbewu zabwino za nkhaka komanso momwe mungasunge nkhaka mwatsopano.

Malamulo ochepa chabe ndi malingaliro oyenera kukumbukira pamene mukukolola:

Mukakolola, phesi liyenera kusiya pa tsinde la mbeu.
Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni kukolola.
Musatenge, mutuluke kapena mutseke tsinde, wadzala ndi kufooka kwa mbewu.
Musagwedeze chikwapu pamene mukukolola.
Msonkhanowu uyenera kuchitika m'mawa kapena madzulo.
Zokolola ziyenera kuchotsedwa pamalo ozizira kapena amdima.

Zamasamba zomwe mumazikonda zimakhala ndi zovuta zambiri - masamu a moyo wa nkhaka ndi ochepa kwambiri. Ndi chifukwa chake kuti pali misa zosiyanasiyana maphikidwe kwa pickling ndi kusunga nkhaka. Kuwonjezera maonekedwe a Zelentsov m'njira zingapo:

Ikani chipatso mu matumba apulasitiki ndikuyika mufiriji.
Dulani masamba pamodzi ndi tsinde, ikani chipatso chowongolera, gwirani mu chidebe ndi madzi pang'ono (osachepera 1/4 mwa masamba ayenera kukhala m'madzi). Ndikofunika kusintha madzi tsiku lililonse.
Kusankha nkhaka bwino kutsukidwa, kupukutidwa wouma ndi kuikidwa ndi dzira loyera. Dikirani kuti mapuloteni aziuma. Ndi njira iyi, masambawa amasungidwa kwa nthawi ndithu, osati ngakhale kuzizira.
Pali njira yachikale yodzikongoletsera nkhaka. Chidebe ndi nkhaka ndi katundu wambiri zatsikira muzama zakuya. Ngati madzi akuthamanga ndi amphamvu ndipo mtsinjewo sungasunthire kwathunthu, masamba atsopano adzakhala pa tebulo lanu ndi kudza kwa Chaka chatsopano.

Mavuto ndi malingaliro

Kwa kulima nkhaka "Berendey" njira yopanda mbewu imakhala yochulukirapo kuposa pamene ikukula mbande. Mitengo ya fruiting yomwe imakula pamtunda kuchokera ku mbewu, yambani pambuyo pake. Kaŵirikaŵiri amabweretsa zokolola zochepa kusiyana ndi zomera zomwe zimakula kuchokera ku mbande. Koma nkhaka zoterozo zimakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri, sichimawoneka ndi matenda ndipo zimakhala zotsutsana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komanso, izi zimabereka zipatso yaitali, nthawi zina isanafike chisanu.

Ndikofunikira! Kangaude mite amaopa fungo la radish. Ngati mumabzala mu nkhaka, zingathe kuopseza tizilombo.

Chikhalidwe chimadalira kwambiri kutentha ndi kuwala kwa mpweya. Kusintha kwa zizindikirozi kungasokoneze mwamsanga njira zamagetsi zam'mitengo ndipo, motero, zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa kutuluka kwa photosynthesis.

Kusokonezeka kwa photosynthesis, kungachititse kuti kutayika kwa mavitamini kukhale ndi tsinde ndi masamba a zomera, chikasu chawo.

Kusungunuka kapena kutayika kwa masamba ndi chomera kungayambitsidwe ndi madzi osayenera. Ngati simungakwanitse kuthirira, masamba amauma ndi kutembenukira chikasu kuzungulira malo; Kusamba madzi okwanira kungayambitse chitukuko cha matenda osiyanasiyana.
Ndi nthaka yambiri ya chinyezi, mpweya wofunikira kuti zomera zitsitsidwe-zochepetsetsa zimachoke. Kutentha ndi kusinthika kwa phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi nayitrojeni kunachepetsanso, zomwe zingayambitsenso tsamba la chikasu ndi kukhetsa.
Chifukwa china cha masamba a chikasu ndi kusowa kwa mchere ndi zakudya m'nthaka. Mtundu wa tsamba lachikasu umasonyeza kusowa kwa potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni.
Chifukwa cha mawanga achikasu chikhoza kuwotchera, musaiwale kuti masamba a nkhaka ndi ofewa kwambiri.
Yellowness ndi chizindikiro cha matenda ena, mwachitsanzo, fusarium.
Yellowness ingabwere chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa mbeu, matenda a fungal, ndi feteleza zochuluka za nthaka.

Pezani chifukwa chake masamba a nkhaka amatembenukira chikasu, ndipo ngati mukufuna kuchotsa masamba ndi ndevu za nkhaka.

Chifukwa chotsitsira mazira m'mimba akhoza kukhala:

kutentha kwakukulu;
chosayenera;
mphamvu yochepa ya chinyezi (kuwonjezera, kusowa kwa chinyezi, kuthirira madzi ozizira);
kusowa njuchi chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa.

Musaiwale, nkhaka ndizovuta kwambiri. Zikakhala kuti kutentha kwa dothi kumadutsa pafupifupi 14 ° C, nkhaka zamasamba zimayamba kutha. Monga tanenera kale, mtundu wa Berendey uli ndi makhalidwe abwino, oyenera saladi, komanso kumalongeza ndi salting. Kuonjezera apo, ndikumvera mosamala. Yesetsani kukula pa chiwembu chanu, mwinamwake posachedwa mutha kumuthandizira izi zosiyanasiyana kapena ngakhale katswiri pa kuswana kwake.