Nkhaka ndi yotchuka masamba kuti wamaluwa mosavuta kukula m'munda. Koma posakhalitsa, njira zatsopano zopangira nkhaka zikupeza kutchuka. Amakulolani kuti muzisangalala ndi mankhwala atsopano, ngakhale m'mikhalidwe ya mzindawo, pamene simungathe kulima famu yathu.
Zina mwa njira zatsopanozi zikhoza kutchedwa kukula mu chidebe. Momwe mungachitire izi ndi zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana, nenani zina.
Ubwino wa kukula nkhaka mu ndowa
Choyamba, tidzakambirana za ubwino wodzala nkhaka mu chidebe. Choyamba, mumapeza mankhwala abwino. Inu mukudziwa motsimikiza kuti palibe mankhwala owopsa omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito kulima kwake. Mumachepetsa nthawi komanso khama kuti musamalire mabedi. Panthawi yomweyi nthawi zonse mumakhala ndi mankhwala atsopano.
Mukudziwa? Njira yofanana yolima nkhaka yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku China. Zimakupatsani inu kuwombera zokolola zazikulu kuchokera ku chomera chomwe chili m'dera laling'ono.
Kukolola kwakukulu kumatheka chifukwa cha malo oyenera a chidebe ndi nkhaka. Ikhoza kuikidwa pamalo oyenera kuunikira kapena kukonzedwanso kwa wina, ngati kuli kofunikira.
Mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa mpweya, dothi la nthaka limasungidwa mokwanira chinyezi ndi kusungunuka. Manyowa amapangidwa opanda phindu, ndipo nkhaka zokha m'munda nthawi zonse zimakhala zoyera.
Phindu lalikulu ndiloti mu nkhaka zotere sizipezeka poyera ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Dothi limene nkhaka limakula limasiyidwa m'nyengo yozizira ndi zotsalira zamasamba. Kenaka m'chaka tidzakhala ndi nthaka yabwino, yokonzekera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ndi mitundu yanji ya nkhaka yabwino kusankha kuti mukhale ndi ndowa
Kotero, kodi n'zotheka kukula nkhaka mu chidebe ndi ubwino wa chisankho choterocho, tatsimikiza. Tsopano tiyeni tiwone kuti ndi mitundu iti ya nkhaka yomwe imakhala bwino pa kulima kotero ndikupereka zokolola zazikulu.
Kuti njira zoterezi zithandizire kusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena mitundu ya chitsamba. Ali ndi mizu yaying'ono yomwe imafuna malo pang'ono, kotero kuti voti ya chidebe ndi yokwanira.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukukonzekera kukolola mbewu kukolola kwanu, ndiye kuti muzisankha mbeu ali ndi zaka 2 mpaka 3. Iwo amadziwika kuti akulu omwe ali, ma inflorescences achikazi amawonekera pa iwo. Choncho, zokolola za mbeu zidzakhala zapamwamba.
Zimalimbikitsanso kuti muzisamalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pollination ndi parthenocarpic hybrids. Pachiyambi choyamba, simukuyenera kusamalira mazira ambiri, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri pakukula zomera pa khonde, kumene tizilombo timakonda kuuluka.
Pachifukwachi, nkhaka zimakhala zokhazikika, zomwe zimakhalanso zabwino.
Kusankha ndi kukonzekera chidebe chokula nkhaka
Atasankha nkhaka zosiyanasiyana, m'pofunika kuwapeza malo abwino oti akule. Amakhulupirira kuti ndi kosavuta kusamalira nkhaka zokhazikika m'madzi 200 malita. Koma mu chidebe amamva bwino. Chinthu chachikulu ndichoti mawu ake sanali osachepera 5 malita.
Zitha kukhala zitsulo, matabwa kapena pulasitiki. Pachifukwa chotsatira, nkofunika kupanga mabowo osungira pansi, komanso pambali. Izi zidzakuthandizani kukhala ndi chinyezi choyenera cha mkati. Ndikofunika kuti sitima ya tanki ikhale yayikulu mokwanira. Panthawi yosamalira mbewu, nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa, ndipo mu chidebe chochepa mungathe kuwononga mizu.
Pansi pa chidebe ayenera kuika ngalande. Pochita izi, gwiritsani ntchito dothi, miyala yaing'ono yamtsinje, nthambi, makungwa kapena mazira.
Kukonzekera dothi kukula kwa nkhaka mu chidebe
Nthaka ya nkhaka ingagulidwe pa malo apadera ogulitsa. Koma pakalipa izi zidzakhala zodula. Mwinanso, mukhoza kutenga mmunda, m'munda kapena mu bedi, koma ndi nthakayi mukhoza kubweretsa matenda osiyanasiyana.
Ndibwino ngati muli ndi chidaliro m'nthaka yanu ndipo mukhoza kuwonjezeranso kuwerengedwera mu uvuni, ngati mutero. Pankhani iyi, ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndi feteleza ndikugona bwinobwino mu chidebe.
Monga feteleza omwe amatsanuliridwa pa ngalande, yoyenera:
- zonyansa zakudya zomwe sizinachitsidwe kutentha;
- maluwa atsopano;
- udzu kapena nsonga za chaka chatha;
- masamba;
- sawdust;
- kompositi;
- manyowa.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati manyowa ali atsopano, ayenera kuikidwa pansi.
Kufulumizitsa ndondomeko ya kuwonongeka, feteleza otero ayenera kutsitsiridwa ndi EM-kukonzekera. Kenaka tsitsani nthaka, mudzaze ndi madzi otentha ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate ndi kutseka filimuyo, muyambe mu mawonekedwe a sabata. Panthawiyi, misa iyenera kukhazikika. Mutha kudzaza ndi dziko lapansi ndikuwatsanulira ndi madzi otentha.
Mukhoza kukonzekera chisakanizo molingana ndi njira ina.
Mu gawo lofanana tengani mtedza, manyowa wakale, wovunda pus, mchenga, phulusa la nkhuni. 10 g wa misawu amawonjezerapo 10 g wa feteleza ovuta, omwe amaphatikizapo phosphorous, nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, mavitamini ovomerezeka a ayodini. Kusakaniza kotereku kuyeneranso kudzazidwa ndi madzi otentha kuti athetsekedwa ndi kusindikizidwa.
Kufesa nkhaka mu chidebe
Njira zosazolowereka zobzala nkhaka zimafuna njira yapadera pakufesa. Mu chidebe, pangani dzenje ndikufesa pamenepo pafupifupi mbeu 3 mpaka 4, zomwe zimatsimikizira mbande.
Iwo sali oyamba kumera, mungathe kungokhala kwa kanthawi. Ngati mbewu iliyonse ikukwera, ikhoza kutsitsidwa. Panthawiyi, mizu siidakwanire, choncho sivuta kuwasiyanitsa. Mitundu yopangidwa pamodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko lapansi.
Kupititsa patsogolo kumera ndikuonetsetsa kuti kukolola bwino kumamera, kumapanga ma microclimate apadera. Kuti muchite izi, sungani botolo la pulasitiki lisanayambe kuikidwa mu ndowa, yomwe imathiridwa ndi madzi.
Choncho nthaka ya nkhaka nthawi zonse imakhala yonyowa, ndipo imakonda chinyezi.
Pamene masamba oyamba ayamba kupyola mmera, arcs, nkhono kapena thandizo lina lililonse liyenera kukhazikitsidwa pamwamba pa chidebe, pomwe makasu a nkhaka adzapitirirabe.
Kukula nkhaka mu ndowa: zizindikiro za chisamaliro
Chinthu chapadera chosamalira nkhaka zotere ndi chakuti sichiyenera kutsinidwa kapena udzu. Amapulumutsa nthawi ndi mphamvu za chilimwe. Muyenera kuyika chidebe kumbali yakum'mawa kapena kumwera, chifukwa chomera chimakhala chowala kwambiri.
Chifukwa chopanda kuunika, zimatuluka komanso zimakhala zovuta. Choncho, ngati sikutheka kuyika chidebe kumbali ya dzuwa, chomerachi chiyenera kuyambitsa magetsi.
Kuthirira kumachitika kudzera mu thanki yomwe imayikidwa mu chidebe. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka siuma. Mu chidebe kumene malo amalephera, izi zimachitika mofulumira kuposa pabedi. Kumbukirani kuti nkofunika kudzaza madzi mu mphamvu yokha komanso yogawidwa.
Mukudziwa? Zimakhulupirira kuti kutentha kwabwino kwa kukula kwa nkhaka ndi pafupifupi 18 °C. Ngati chidebe chomera chiri pamsewu, usiku chikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi galasi pamene zomera zisanakhale zolimba.
Pambuyo pakuonekera kwa masamba 5 - 6 kumera, mukhoza kuwonjezera pang'ono. Pamene mazira amayamba kuonekera pa chomera, ayenera kudyetsedwa. Pofika pamapeto pake, 100 g ya phulusa limaphatikizidwa mu lita imodzi ya madzi, ndipo izi zimasakanizidwa pa nthaka yonyowa.
Nthaŵi zambiri, mutatha kuthirira, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa pafupi ndi tsinde, ndiyeno pota. Izi zidzathandiza phesi kuti likhale lolimba komanso losagwa.
Kukolola nkhaka
Mukhoza kuwombera nkhaka zakuda pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse. Zonse zimatengera kukula kwa masamba omwe mumakonda kudya. Chotsani zofunikira, koma mu nthawi ya misa fruiting, njirayi ikuchitika masiku awiri alionse. Apo ayi, mmalo mwa nkhaka zochepa, mungathe kupeza "zheltyaki" zazikulu.
Chotsani nkhaka ndi mliri kuti chipatsocho chikhalebebe. Ndibwino kuti muchite izi ndi mpeni, chifukwa ngati mutachoka, pewani, pewani tsinde, mukhoza kuwononga ndi kufoola zomera. Konzani kukula kwa nkhaka kuti achotse nkhaka sayenera kupotoza chipikacho.
Pa nthawi yokolola, samalirani ngati pali mazira owonongeka pa zomera: atayipitsidwa, atakongoletsa, atangoyendayenda. Izi zimafunika kuchotsedweratu pasadakhale kuti asakokedwe ndi zomera.
Kuchotsa masamba ku matope kumakhala madzulo kapena m'mawa dzuwa likakhala lopsa. Zokolola ziyenera kubisika mwamsanga mumthunzi kapena pamalo ozizira. Icho chasungidwa kale kwa kanthawi kochepa. Koma ngati mukufuna kusunga mbewu, mutha kukwera nkhaka kapena kusuta.
Chomera chotchuka choterechi, monga nkhaka, chingakulire osati m'munda wokha. Mutachigwetsa mu ndowa, mutha kusamalira masamba patebulo nthawi iliyonse panthawi yokula.
Chinthu chovuta kwambiri mu njira iyi ndi kukonzekera kwa nthaka, koma imakhalanso yophweka. Choncho, ngati muli ndi malo ochepa pafupi ndi dzuwa, tengani mwayi ndikuyika chidebe ndi mbeu za nkhaka. Chotsatira chidzapambana ziyembekezero zonse!
