Cineraria: Kubzala kunja ndi chisamaliro

Kanema ndi wa banja la a Astrov. Kapangidwe kake kamafanana ndi mtundu wa Krestovnikovs. Kuthengo, imakula makamaka m'maiko otentha a Africa. Duwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito mokongoletsa minda, maluwa, maluwa osakanikirana.

Kufotokozera kwa Cineraria

Mu Latin, dzina la duwa limatanthawuza kuti ashen. Ichi ndi chazithunzi chobiriwira monga mawonekedwe a chitsamba chokongoletsera. Sililekerera chisanu, choncho ku Russia amabzalidwa ngati pachaka, mosiyanasiyana.

Imafika pamtunda wa 30-90 masentimita. Mitundu yambiri yokhala ndi masamba a cirrus. Mapulogalamu amazunguliridwa, pubescent, mulifupi.

Maluwa a bango mu mawonekedwe a tubules amapanga mawonekedwe otchinga ngati inflorescence. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana: kapezi, yoyera, canary, pudding. Maluwa ndi aatali: kuyambira mwezi woyamba wa chilimwe mpaka chisanu.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya cineraria

Mitundu ya genus cineraria imaphatikizapo mitundu 50. Komabe, sikuti aliyense amakulira m'malo opanga zinthu. Mitundu Yopangidwa nthawi zambiri imagawidwa m'magulu awiri:

masamba okongoletsera - obzalidwa panthaka;
maluwa okongoletsera - adapangira nyumba yokonza.

Siliva (m'mphepete mwa nyanja)

Kukula m'minda. Masamba oyambira ndi siliva wobiriwira, wosungidwa mu rosette. Nyanja cineraria ndiyotchuka pakuwonetsa malo. Mitundu iyi imatchedwanso fumbi la siliva.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:

Mutu	Kutalika (masentimita)	Masamba
Fumbi la Siliva	15-20	Zokongoletsera, zingwe.
Cirrus	20	Yofikira, ozungulira.

Wamagazi (wosakanizidwa)

Ndiwo okhawo omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'nyumba. Komabe, pazopezeka pa botany ndi za banja la a Krestovnikov.

Kufikira 30 cm, nthawi zina zochulukirapo. Masamba ndi akulu, ozungulira, amafika masentimita 10 mpaka 20. Kusiyanitsa mitundu ndi masamba obiriwira kumapangidwa ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana monga gerberas kapena daisies. Mitundu yotchuka ya hybrid cineraria:

Mutu	Kutalika (masentimita)	Maluwa (ozungulira masentimita)
Grandiflora	50-70	5-8
Pawiri	35-70	5
Stellata	70-90	2-4
Chifundo	20-60	4

Zabwino

Nthambi ndizopangira nthambi, mpaka masentimita 60. Mfuti ndi mbale zimakutidwa ndi villi. Mabati amapanga mabasiketi. Mitundu yokongola kwambiri:

Mutu	Kutalika (masentimita)	Maluwa
Nanus	25	Nyimbo zosiyanasiyana
Ligulosus	Mpaka 60	Terry, mitundu yosiyanasiyana

Kupanga cineraria

Kubzala zitha kuchitika nthawi yomweyo mumsewu kapena pa mbande. Njira yachiwiri ndiyabwino, chifukwa chake maluwa akutalika kwambiri.

Kukula cineraria kudzera mbande

Nthawi zambiri, mbewu zodzikonzera zimagulidwa ku malo ogulitsa maluwa. Ali ndi kumera bwino. Zomwe mumadzipangira nokha ndizosowa, chifukwa mbewu sizipezeka kawirikawiri m'minda ya Russia.

Kufesa kumachitika mu theka loyambirira la Epulo:

Thirani peat ndi mchenga mumtsuko (1: 1).
Falitsa mbewu popanda kukumba m'nthaka.
Pendekera pansi ndi wolamulira wamatabwa.
Mbowe za Moisten kudzera mu botolo lothira ndi nozzle wabwino kapena kutsirira pang'ono.
Phimbani ndi galasi kapena wokutira pulasitiki kuti apange chilengedwe chobiriwira. Chotsani pogona tsiku lililonse kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino, kutsirira ndikuchotsa evapative pamakoma.
Mphukira zoyambirira zimawonekera patatha masiku 7-10. Pambuyo pake, sinthaninso zotengera m'chipinda chowala kwambiri.
Pambuyo pakupanga masamba enieni a masamba awiri, ikani mphukira ndi dothi m'matumba osiyana, makamaka mu peat-humus briquette.

Zofunikira pa cineraria

Malamulowa ali ndi zotsatirazi ayenera kuwonedwa:

Choyimira	Zochitika
Malo	Sankhani chowala kwambiri. Shala pakatentha masana. Amatha kuwotcha amadyera. Izi zimayambitsa mawanga a bulauni.
Kutentha	Mulingo woyenera - + 15 ... +18 ° С. Ku +20 ° C ndi kupitirira, zonenepa zidzatha. Usiku, mbewuyo imalekerera kuchepa mpaka +5 ° C. Ngati cineraria ikukula kunyumba, ndiye kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala, isungani pa loggia, malo otetezedwa, m'chipinda chotseguka nthawi zonse.
Dothi	Mukabzala m'mundamo, dzalalani pansi, ndikupanga peat, kompositi ndi mchenga. Zomera zakunyumba zimafunika kubzalidwe mumiyeso yaying'ono yodzaza ndi peat ndi nthaka yolimba, kompositi. Pa mitundu yonse iwiriyi yaulimi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwonjezere zidutswa za khungwa la coniferous ndi phulusa lamatabwa kuti gawo lanu lisaonongeke.
Chinyezi	Kutali, koma simungathe kufinya chitsamba chifukwa cha mulu. Mchipindacho mutha kuyika beseni lonyowa. Mumsewu, thirirani nthaka mopanda kusefukira kwa phokoso.
Kuthirira	Kuchulukana, koma pewani kuthamanga madzi. Pambuyo ponyowa, kumasula dothi, ndikuphwanya kutumphuka kolimba.
Mavalidwe apamwamba	Nthawi ndi nthawi, makamaka ngati duwa libzalidwa pamtunda wosauka. Pangani zosakaniza zam'mimba kangapo pamwezi. Chapakatikati - feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni kuti apange unyinji wokongola wobiriwira. M'chilimwe - phosphorous amaphatikizira bwino maluwa. Sinthani mchere kukhala organic (mullein) kangapo pamnyengo. Makope amkati amadya kamodzi masiku 7.
Kudulira	Mukayamba kudula, chepetsa inflorescence. Fupikitsani nthambi zomwe zimamera munjira yolakwika.

Kubzala kwa cineraria yakunja ndi chisamaliro

Kubzala m'munda kumachitika m'zaka khumi za Meyi, pamene kuthekera kobwerera kwazizira kumatha. Njira zatsiku ndi tsiku:

Sankhani malo osungika ndi zopatsa thanzi, nthaka yamchere kapena yacutral acid.
Kumbani maenje akufikira, kusiya mtunda wa 20-25 cm.
Suntha tchire ndi mtanda wotumphuka kupita kuzitsime.
Nthaka ndi kuthirira dziko lapansi.
Popewa kuzizira usiku, phatikizani mbewu ndi zofunda kuchokera ku polypropylene fiber. Chotsani m'mawa.

Ndikofunika kutsatira malamulo a kuthirira. Pokhala ndi madzi osakwanira, chitsamba chimafooka ndikufota, ndipo ndikakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, kuola kwa mizu kumachitika, duwa limafanso. Zomera sizigwirizana ndi chilala, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi madzi amvula.

Mukathirira, ndikofunikira kumasula bwalo. Mukamachita izi, muwonongeni udzu.

Kufalitsa kwamasamba a cineraria

Mitundu yokongoletsa-masamba imafalitsidwa ndi odulidwa. Mphukira zimabzalidwa kudula. Ili ndi bokosi losunthika lomwe lingasamutsidwe kupita kwina kuti muteteze tchire ku ma ray a ultraviolet. Amapangidwa ndi mitengo yamatabwa ndi ma plywood. Mabowo okumbira amazipanga pansi.

Kubala kumachitika kumapeto:

Patulani zodula.
Thirani dothi lotalika masentimita 10 mu chidebe chapadera.
Ikani mchenga (5-7 cm).
Mulingo wokulirapo ndi kufinya ndi njira ya pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate (wa kupha matenda).
Ikani zodula mu accelerator ya kukula (mwachitsanzo, Kornevin) kwa maola angapo.
Bzalani mphukira, nagwetsa pansi mozungulira thunthu.
Phimbani ndi botolo (kudula khosi) ndikukulimitsa pang'ono pansi. Madzi ochokera kumtunda kawiri pa tsiku.
Pambuyo pozika mizu, yambani kuzolowera tchire tating'ono kuti tikazungulire chilengedwe. Pezani pogona tsiku lililonse kwa maola 1-2, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi.
Pakatha sabata, chotsani botolo lonse. Bwino nyengo yamvula kapena mvula.
Kuti chisanu chizikonzanso m'chipinda chozizira.
Chapakatikati, pamsewu.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Cineraria amalimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana komanso kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo. Komabe, zolakwika zomwe zili pazomwezi zingayambitse mavuto otsatirawa:

Matenda / tizilombo	Zizindikiro	Njira zoyendetsera
Powdery mildew	Mdima, kuwuma kwa zobiriwira. Malo oyera omwe amatulutsa ma drows omwe amawoneka ngati mame. Kugwa kwa masamba.	Chotsani mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa. Kuchitira ndi koloko solution (1 g ya madzi 3 g). Pukutani ndi kulowetsedwa kwa adyo (kutsanulira 25 g 1 lita imodzi yamadzi ndikusiya maola 24). Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala omwe agulidwa: Tiovit Jet, Bayleton, Topaz, Hom, Vitaros, Fundazol, Skor, Vectra. Sinthani gawo lakumanzere kuti likhale latsopanolo (lomwe linali litatulutsidwa kale).
Dzimbiri	Ma pustule a Orange a mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwake. Ufa womwe umatuluka mwa iwo ndi mtundu wa dzimbiri. Chikasu ndi kugwa koyambirira kwa masamba.	Kuwononga masamba odwala. Chitani ndi colloidal sulfure, Bordeaux madzi 1%. Lemberani Abiga-Peak, Cumulus, Poliram, Strobi. Pambuyo masabata 1-2, bwerezani mankhwalawa.
Ma nsabwe	Wokongoletsa wamatenda onunkhira pa mlengalenga. Ma punctcopic osonyeza microscopic kuchokera ku phenoscis. Madontho akuda kapena obiriwira osuntha. Kuwoneka kwa nyerere pafupi ndi chitsamba, komwe kumakopa madzi okoma. Kusintha kwa greenery. Kuchepetsa mbewu.	Chotsuka. Pukutani ndi yankho la sopo. Bweretsani mbalame kumunda. Kugula mu maluwa ogulitsa maluwa achilengedwe achilengedwe: ma lace, ma ladybugs, mitundu ina ya mavu, ndi zina. Spray ndi mankhwala atizilombo: Fitoverm, Arrow, Tanrek.
Spider mite	Mtanda wowonda (makamaka kuchokera kumunsi kwa masamba masamba). Madontho oyera oyera (amafufuza kuchokera kunsagwada za kachilombo). Kusintha kwa masamba, masamba, mphukira. Mitundu yachikasu.	Patulani chitsamba. Sambani tizirombo ndi mtsinje wamadzi. Chitani ndi yankho la mowa. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala omwe agulidwa: Apollo, Actofit, Vermitek, Actellik, Neoron.

A Dachnik amalimbikitsa: chochita ndi cineraria nthawi yozizira

Pakati Russia, duwa limamera ngati pachaka, chifukwa silingathe kulekerera chisanu mumsewu. Panyengo yophukira, mphukira zonse zimawonongeka, malowo amakumbidwa.

Olima ena amatchire chaka chamawa. Amasunthidwa miphika ndikusamutsidwa kuchipinda chopepuka, chozizira (+ 10 ... +15 ° C). M'malo otere amaphuka. Chapakatikati, mbewu zimabzalidwanso m'mundamo.

Kumwera kwa Russia, duwa limatha kuzizira mumsewu. Popewa kuzizira, ndikofunikira kuphimba ndi mtengo wakufa wa 10-15 cm kapena nthambi za fir spruce. Matalala akayamba kusungunuka komanso nthaka ikadzayamba kutentha (kumapeto kwa Epulo-koyambirira kwa Meyi), chotsani pogona.

Cineraria ndi maluwa okongoletsa okhazikika omwe safuna maluso apadera komanso chidziwitso cha kuswana. Ngakhale oyamba mu maluwa okongola amatha kuthana nazo. Polenga zinthu zonse zachitukuko, samadwala kwambiri ndipo amasangalala ndi kukongola kwake nyengo yonse.