Kukula strawberries kumatenga nthawi. Mmodzi wa mayiko opambana kwambiri pankhaniyi ndi Finland. Ili ndi malo apamwamba pamsika pa zokoma zokomazi, ngakhale nyengo yovuta kwambiri m'dziko lino lakumpoto. Kukula kwa strawberries ku Finland ndikofunika kwambiri pa ulimi.
Mfundo zoyambirira za kulima
Kulima kwachitsulo ndi teknolojia ya Finnish imapezeka m'njira ziwiri: kuthengo ndi greenhouses. Chikhalidwe chachikulu - nthaka yomwe ili pansi pazomera ikuphimbidwa ndi filimuyi; njirayi imatchedwa mulching. Njirayi imakuthandizani kukolola masabata 7-8 mutatha kuziika. Chifukwa cha kutentha kotereku ndiko kutentha kwa nthaka. Ndiponso, njira iyi salola mizu ya mizu ndi kukula namsongole.
Njira zaulimi ku Finland zimasiyana ndi njira zina zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito; zokolola zimadalira kubzala. Kawirikawiri ndi zomera 20-45,000 pa hekitala. Mbande obzalidwa patali wa 25-30 masentimita pakati pa tchire.
Chikhalidwe chofunika pa zokolola zazikulu ndi kusankha mitundu ya zomera. Mitundu yambiri ya sitiroberi ikudziwika kwambiri ku Finland: "Senga Sengana", "Bounty", "Crown", "Honey", "Rumba". Mafinberries a ku Finnish amadziwikiratu ndi nthawi yoyamba komanso yopambana.
Mukudziwa? Ku Hollywood, ambiri akukhala pa zakudya za sitiroberi. Zotsatira ndi zodabwitsa: osachepera 2.5 makilogalamu masiku 4.
Chimene mukufuna pa njira ya Finnish
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu muzithunzithunzi zirizonse za ku Finnish zowonjezera mbewu ndi filimu. Kuphimba kwa mulch kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda mu mzere woyamba ndi 2. Pachifukwa choyamba, mudzafunika kuvala filimu ya mamita 1, ndipo mzere wa magawo awiri umagwiritsa ntchito 1.2-1.3 mamita filimu. Zikhoza kukhala zosiyana: zakuda, zofiirira ndizothandiza kwambiri kukula kwa mbewu, koma zimakhudza kwambiri kukopa ma dzuwa, zomwe zingayambitse mbewu. Pali filimu yoyera, koma mukaigwiritsa ntchito, muyenera kuyembekezera nthawi yaitali.
Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo kuchokera ku polypropylene osati nsalu. Mtengo wa zipangizo zoterezi siwopambana kwambiri, koma pali chiopsezo kuti mbewuyo siidzitetezedwa mokwanira. Pakuti njira zamakono zomwe zimakambidwa za kukula kwa strawberries zimafuna kuyamwa madzi okwanira. Pulogalamuyi imagwedezeka pambali pa bedi lonse, mabowo ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa mmenemo ndipo amaikidwa pansi pamunsi pang'ono. Choncho mbeuyi imatetezedwa kuti isayambe kuuma.
Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji malo a zipatso?
Pofuna kuti sitiroberi ikhale yokolola, chida cha Finnish chimagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha chiwembu chowonekera. Malo awa sayenera kuzimitsidwa kuchokera kumwera kwa nyumba ndi mitengo. Nthaka iyenera kusonyeza kuti sakuchita nawo mbali kapena ayi. Kukonzekera kwa dothi kumaphatikizapo kukhuta ndi organic ndi mchere feteleza ndipo kenako kumasula. Kutsekemera nthaka pamtengowu kungakhale humus, manyowa a nkhuku kapena mankhwala a nitrojeni.
Ndikofunikira! Kuumirira kwambiri mu nthaka ya manyowa nkhuku kungayambitse kutentha ndi kuwononga zomera.Pambuyo pothandizira nthaka, iyenera kumasulidwa kukwaniritsa nthaka ndi mpweya ndi mogawana kufalitsa feteleza lonse lonse. Gwirizanitsani pamwamba pang'ono kuti musamavutike.
Kukonzekera kwa mabedi
Pambuyo pokonzekera, mukhoza kuyamba kupanga mapiri. Zili bwino kukhala kumbali kuchokera kum'mwera mpaka kumpoto - kuti apange zinthu kuti ziwotchedwe ndi dzuwa.
Kutalika kwa mapiri kumadalira kukula kwa chiwembu, ndipo m'lifupi umatsimikiziridwa ndi nambala ya mizere ya strawberries. Zingakhale mzere umodzi, awiri kapena atatu. Mizera yayikulu siidakonzedwe chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa kusamalidwa kwa mabulosi ndi vuto la kufika kwa oxygen ku nthaka pansi pa filimuyi.
Njira yowunikira mowirikiza awiri. Pachifukwa ichi, kutalika kwa mtunda ndi pafupifupi 80 masentimita. Mzere wokhala ndi mzere wokwanira ndi masentimita 60. Mphepete mwa kubzala strawberries pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono a Finnish ziyenera kuwonjezeka pafupifupi masentimita 10. Izi zimayenera kuti kutentha kwabwino kwa nthaka yonse.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati nthaka ili ndi kukula kwa chitsamba cha sitiroberi, zomera zimakhoza kufa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka komanso kukula kwa matenda.
Mabedi apamwamba
Kugona sikunasunthike ndipo anakhalabe mu mawonekedwe ake oyambirira, m'mphepete mwawo ayenera kukhazikitsidwa. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito bolodi, kuchokera pamenepo muyenera kuyika bokosi popanda pansi mpaka 50 masentimita pamwamba - izi zidzakhala zojambula zanu.
Kukula kwa mabedi a sitiroberi kungakhale kosasintha, malingana ndi momwe mumasankhira ndiye kuti mukolole. Kenaka pamakona onse a mabedi timakhala okwera masentimita 20 mpaka 30, timayika chimango, ndibwino kuti malowo azikhala bwino. Froberberries pamabedi apamwamba adzakupatsani zokolola zabwino ngati muli ndi minda yachonde muzithunzi zanu, zomwe muyenera kuthirira kumunda.
Mabedi apamwamba ali ndi ubwino wambiri m'madera akum'mwera, chifukwa malowa amakhala ndi mpweya wokwanira pa malo amenewa, omwe amachepetsa chiopsezo cha powdery mildew ndi imvi yovunda, ndipo zipatso zimapsa kwathunthu. Mu nyengo iliyonse ndi nyengo iliyonse, mudzatha kukwaniritsa zokolola zambiri, chifukwa cha luso la ku Finland lodzala strawberries m'mabedi apamwamba. 
Strawberry chodzala luso
Choyamba, wamaluwa amakonza nthaka kuti adzalitse zipatso zam'tsogolo. Amakumba nthaka, namsongole, kenako amamasula kuti palibe nthaka yayikulu, chifukwa nthaka imatulutsa mpweya wabwino. Ndikofunika kusankha malo musanabwere. Sankhani imodzi yomwe palibe china chomwe chinakula chaka chimodzi musanafike.
Kenaka nthaka ili bwino. Odziwa bwino wamaluwa amalangizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito feteleza zachilengedwe, monga manyowa a mahatchi, humus, kompositi. Kawirikawiri, m'lifupi la mabedi ndi masentimita 80. Mabedi amayenera kuima kwa masabata awiri, ndipo panthawiyi akonze dongosolo la ulimi wothirira. Pambuyo pokonzekera payipi kuthirira imayikidwa pakati pa mizere. Pipu lokha palokha limachokera pansi pa kuya kwa masentimita 4-5, ndipo mapeto ake a payipi amatsekedwa ndi pulagi.
Zosangalatsa zamakono za kukula curly strawberries, ampelous strawberries, pa mabedi a piramidi, mu mabedi ozungulira, mu hydroponics, mu wowonjezera kutentha.Pambuyo pa nthaka m'munda mwakhala pansi ndikusiya, mungathe kupita kuntchito yogwiritsira ntchito filimuyi. Firimuyi imagwedezeka ndipo imatetezedwa ndi miyala kapena matabwa kuchokera kumbali zonse za m'munda. Froberries amabzalidwa m'mabowo omwe adadulidwa kuti tchire tisasokonezane wina ndi mzake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiyiike pa checkerboard. Kuthira koyamba kwa mabowo kuyenera kuchitidwa pamanja, ndiye mothandizidwa ndi dongosolo lotirira madzi.
Pambuyo pa strawberries zipse, nyengo ya chilimwe imatha mwamsanga kutenga zipatso ku filimuyi. Monga mukuonera, njira ya ku Finland yakukula strawberries ndi yophweka, ndalama komanso osati mphamvu. 
Zosamalira
Kuti mabulosiwa abzalidwe molingana ndi luso la Finnish, kuti akondwere ndi zokolola zochuluka, nkofunikira kusamalira bwino mbewu zake. Chisamaliro chiri motere:
- kuthirira madzi ozizira nthawi zonse, koma sayenera kulola madzi ochuluka kwambiri;
- feteleza yolondola ndi feteleza;
- njira zothandizira zolima zomera ndi tizirombo;
- kuchotsa nthawi zonse zinyama.
Mukudziwa? N'zovuta kukhulupirira, koma strawberries ndi abwino komanso othandiza kwambiri kuposa mano opangira mano.
Ubwino wokulitsa strawberries pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono a Finnish
Mukamabzala mbande pogwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki yakuda. Zimapangidwa ku Finland, malinga ndi ziwerengero, zimaphatikizapo 80 peresenti ya malo omwe anabzala. Chifinishi chophimba zinthu chili ndi khalidwe labwino komanso losatha.
Mafinberries a ku Finnish amabzalidwa mumsewu umodzi ndi umodzi. Mtundu woyamba wa kutuluka, kupaka kwa strawberries ndi kupitirira mita imodzi, kwachiwiri - mamita 1.2.
Phindu la mulching:
- kusonkhanitsa mu nthaka yapamwamba zigawo za nitrate nayitrogeni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zakudya zowonjezera zamasamba zikhale bwino;
- kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito ya nthaka tizilombo;
- cholepheretsa kukula kwa namsongole;
- kukhazikika kwa mafunde;
- chotchinga kwa malo ogulitsa mizere;
- Zipatso sizitsuka nthaka, zisungiranso zofalitsa zawo;
- uniform kutentha kwa nthaka.
