Banja la Crassulaceae (Tolstyankovy) limaphatikizapo genera 30 ndi mitundu pafupifupi 1500 ya zomera zokoma. Kukhalapo kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wa masamba kumasiyanitsa mamembala a banja la Crassulaceae kuchokera ku zomera zina. Omwe amapanga florists amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito maluwa awa popanga zosazolowereka zachilendo, kuthandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a zomera ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka a masamba, mtundu umene ukhoza kukhala wosiyana ndi mtundu wofiirira wa mdima wofiira.
Oimira a banja la Tolstiankov amalekerera bwino kusowa kwa chinyontho, chifukwa amadziwika ndi kuthekera kusunga chinyezi chimene amafunikira m'ma masamba ndi mphukira. Mitengo yopanda maluwa ndi yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa omwe amaimira chithunzichi ndipo amakhala ndi mayina awo.
Jade (mtengo wamtengo)
Mtengo wa ndalama ndi wa banja la Tolstiankov, alimi amaluwa amawakonda chifukwa cha kuphweka kwawo, mosavuta kubereka ndi mawonekedwe.
Mukudziwa? Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti maluwa ambiri amatha kupanga maluwa - ayenera kuikidwa pamalo otentha, otentha ndi odzoza mpweya.Mkazi wochuluka nthawi zambiri amaoneka ngati mtengo wawung'ono: thunthu la mtengo, masamba ochepa. Chomera chodzichepetsa komanso chokongola ndi dzina la sayansi la Crassula. Iye akuyamikiridwa ndi chuma cha kukopa chuma ndi chimwemwe mnyumba, kugwirizana kwa malo.
M'nyengo ya chilimwe, kutentha kwakukulu kwa kukula kwa zomera ndi chizindikiro cha + 20 ° С mpaka + 25 ° С, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira n'kofunika kutsimikizira kutentha kwa + 15 ° С. Crassula amakonda malo ogona bwino, ndi bwino kukhala nawo pazenera zomwe zikuyang'ana kum'mwera chakum'maŵa. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, mutha kupita nawo kumalo osungira - padzakhala kuwala kokwanira ndi kutentha komanso mpweya wabwino. Mkazi wochuluka amakula bwino m'nthaka, zomwe zimapangidwira cacti. Izi zikuphatikizidwa ndi ndulu ndi masamba, osalowerera ndale, mbali zina za dothi, humus ndi phulusa. 
Kalanchoe
Kalanchoe ndi maluwa okongoletsera mkati omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha machiritso awo komanso wokongola kwambiri maluwa. Pali mitundu 200 ya zomera izi. Dziko la Kalanchoe limaonedwa ngati chilumba cha Madagascar ndi chilankhulo cha anthu amtundu wake dzina lake limamasulira "thanzi." 
Kalanchoe ndi chomera chosasunthika, sichifunikira chisamaliro chapadera, ndipo chimakula mofulumira. Mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera ya Kalanchoe ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri komanso masamba oyambirira mwamsanga anagonjetsa mitima ya ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Mukudziwa? Pali nthano za momwe chomera ichi chodabwitsa chinaonekera m'dziko lathu. Ananena kuti paulendo wina, mmodzi mwa asilikali oyenda ku Russia anadwala matenda otentha otentha, ndipo pofuna kupeŵa mliri m'ngalawamo, anaganiza kuti woyendetsa sitima ayenera kusiya pazilumba za South Africa. Chodabwitsa cha timuyi ndi chiyani, patapita nthawi adaona woyendetsa sitima ali wamoyo komanso wosavulazidwa. Malingana ndi iye, zinapezeka kuti anapulumutsidwa ndi masamba a duwa losangalatsa, limene ankafufuza nthawi zonse. Pokhulupirira mu machiritso awo, woyendetsa sitimayo anatenga maluwa awa ndi iye ku ngalawayo.Kutalika kwa chomera chachikulu chingakhale chosiyana kwambiri: tchire tating'ono ta 20 cm ndi mitengo yochepa ya mamita imodzi ndi theka. Maluwa amenewa mwamsanga amasinthidwa kuti apite kunyumba. Zimabereka mosavuta: ndi cuttings ndi mbewu. Mitengo yambiri yosakanizidwa imatha kuphuka kwambiri, ngakhale m'zipinda zakuda.
Kuti maluwa awa akusangalatse inu ndi maluwa ake, muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:- Kuthirira duwa kuyenera kukhala koyenera. M'chilimwe, kuthirira kumachitika kawiri pa sabata, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira imodzi yokwanira.
- Kalanchoe silingalole kutentha kwapamwamba, kutentha, sakonda feteleza.
- Duwa limakonda kuwala kwa dzuŵa, koma mpaka nthawi inayake (mpaka 3 koloko madzulo), ikadzafika nthawiyi, iyenera kuchotsedwa mumthunzi, kapena yokutidwa ndi nsalu, yopanga zotsatira za tsiku lalifupi.
Aihrizon
Aihrizone ndikumangira zokongoletsera, nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi dzina lachiwiri "mtengo wachikondi". Aihrizone amalima chitsamba chaching'ono 20-30 masentimita wamtali ndi masentimita 30 mmimba mwake, ali ndi masamba osazolowereka mofanana ndi mtima wamdima wobiriwira wakuda, ndi owopsa komanso wokutidwa ndi chizungu. Chitsamba chazitsamba chikhoza kukhala cholunjika, chikhoza kuyendetsedwa, chimatuluka mwamphamvu popanda kugwedeza kwa iwo. 
Kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga kumakula mumapanga a miyala ku Azores ndi Canaries. Mbalame yaing'ono yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa pakhomo pamphuno, imakhala ndi mtundu wosiyana: mtundu wonse wa zobiriwira, zoyera, imvi, zachikasu, zofiira.
Pakhomo, chitsamba chimakhala maluwa mu April ndi May. Maluwa amasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono otchedwa panicle, ofanana ndi nyenyezi zing'onozing'ono, zofiira, zachikasu, zonona kapena zoyera. Pamene maluwa amatha, nthambi yomwe peduncle ilipo, imafa ndipo imayenera kuchotsedwa. 
Aihrizone - chomera chosamalidwa kuti chisamalire komanso kuti chitukuko chake chikhale chofunikira, ndizo:
- mphika wochepa;
- madzi osadziwika;
- wintering m'malo ozizira ndi owala;
- sakonda malo okhala ndi zipangizo zotentha;
- m'nyengo yachilimwe iye amakonda kukhala pamalo okongola ndi kuwala kovuta;
- pa maluwa, m'pofunika kuchotsa mphukira zofooka ndi mapesi akale a maluwa, kudyetsa duwa ndi zovuta mchere feteleza kamodzi pa masabata awiri.
Sedum (kuyeretsa)
Sedum (kuyeretsa) - ndiwe woimira kwambiri banja la Crassula, lomwe lili lalikulu kwambiri la zomera zokoma, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zokha zoposa 600 mitundu ya zomera. Mtundu umenewu wafalikira m'madera ouma a Mexico, USA, Novaya Zemlya, m'madera otentha ndi ozizira a Northern Hemisphere, Alaska, China ndi Japan.
Kunyumba, mukhoza kukula zina zokometsera: agave, alowe, zamiokulkas, lithops, euphorbia, yucca, havortiya, nolina, adenium.
Sedum ndi nthiti yosatha kapena pachaka, yayambira kufika 20 cm wamtali. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ozungulira omwe ali ndi ubweya wofiira kapena wofiira. Maluwa amatsuka maluwa ang'onoang'ono omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence. Maluwa akhoza kukhala mitundu yosiyana, zimadalira mtundu wa zomera. Mitundu yambiri yoyeretsa imafalikira chaka chonse. 
Mitundu yambiri ya sedum imakula mu mawonekedwe okongoletsera. Monga lamulo, kuyeretsa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zochitika zam'mbuyo, monga mawonekedwe a chivundikiro cha pansi. Pakhomo, Sedum imakhala ngati kuwonjezera pa nyimbo za cacti, mobwerezabwereza ndi chomera champhamvu.
Ndikofunikira! Kuyeretsa kuli ndi mankhwala ambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ambiri, koma chamtengo wapatali ndizo ziwalo zake zamagulu.
Bryophyllum
Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, mtundu wa Briofillum unasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa Kalanchoe; tsopano ukutengedwa kukhala woimira payekha banja la Tolstiankov. Mtundu wa Briofillum umaphatikizanso mitundu 25 ya zomera. Kumtchire, zomera zimakula m'madera otentha ku Africa, kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, ndipo zimatha kufika mamita 10 m'litali, koma timadziwa ndi maluwa amkati 50-150 cm. 
Briophyllum amasiyanitsa ndi masamba okoma, masamba amphongo pafupipafupi, tsamba la masamba limakhala ndi serrate. Timakumana ndi oimira ndi masamba a masamba obiriwira, koma palinso mitundu ya motley. Kuti athe kubereka impso ndi ana pamphepete mwa masamba, bryophyllum amatchedwa viviparous. Wokonzeka kubzala ana amakhala ndi mizu ya mpweya ndipo amatha kuchoka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo ngati agwera pamtunda wouma, amazika mizu yomweyo. 
Pamene bryophyllum ikufikira zaka ziwiri, imayamba kuphulika, zofiira, zofiira kapena zofiira zimatayidwa kunja. Nthawi imene bryophyllum imamasula ndi February kapena March.
Briofillum imatchuka chifukwa cha mankhwala ndi mabakiteriya, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polimbana ndi kutupa njira, chimfine, chimachiza mabala.
Eonium
Wodzichepetsa ndi wokongola chomera, kupanga rosette wa masamba ofanana ndi zokongola maluwa, nthawi zambiri ntchito popanga zokongoletsa nyimbo. 
Aeonium ndi chomera chokhazikika chomwe chidzakondweretsani kwa zaka zoposa khumi. Kuchokera m'Chigiriki chakale, dzina lake likhoza kumasuliridwa kuti "wamoyo" kapena "wamuyaya." Chomeracho chimakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu, masamba ndi mphukira; tsinde ndi udzu kapena masamba omwe ali ndi zizindikiro kuchokera ku masamba ogwa; kumapeto kwa tsinde, timapanga timadzi timene timakhala timene timapanga.
Kutalika kwa eonium kungakhale kosiyana kwambiri: kuyambira 10 masentimita (pakali pano, chingwe chiri pafupi pansi) mpaka masentimita 100 (zikuwoneka kuti maluwa achilendo akuyandama mlengalenga). Zitsulo nthawi zonse zimatha kumapeto kwa tsinde, koma zimakhala zosiyana (kuchokera pa masentimita angapo mpaka mita). 
Mitundu ya masamba ya masamba imasiyana ndi zobiriwira zofiira kuti zikhale zofiira, zofiira, pali mitundu ya eonium ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, pamene mtundu umodzi umasanduka wina.
Eoniums amasangalala kwambiri ndi dzuwa, zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi mthunzi mumthunzi zimatha kutaya mtundu wawo woyambirira. Ngakhale penumbra, zomera zimayamba kutambasula, kupunduka, ndi rosettes kuchepa. Kwa eonium, maofesi okhawo omwe ali kumbali ya kum'mwera kapena kum'maŵa ndi abwino.
Monga ngati eonium sakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma kutentha samalola kutentha. The optimum kutentha kwachokera 20 ° С kuti + 25 ° С. Chomeracho chikusowa mpweya wabwino, icho chimakonda kukwera. M'chilimwe, eonium imatha kufotokozedwa pa khonde kapena pabedi la maluwa, izi zidzakhudza maonekedwe ake. Ikhoza kutengedwa panja pamene kutentha kwa usiku kumadutsa + 10 ° C. 
Kusamba kwa eonium kumafuna moyenera ndipo kumapangidwa m'mphepete mwa mphika. Madzi sayenera kusonkhanitsa pakati pa chitsamba, chifukwa izi zingachititse kuwonongeka komanso kuchitika kwa matenda opatsirana.
Yatsitsimutsidwa (mwala unadzuka)
Anabwezeretsedwanso - chomera choyambirira ndi chokongola, pakuwoneka kwake ngati mutu wa maluwa achilendo. Mu chilengedwe, pali mitundu 50 ya "mwala wouka" wa mtundu wosiyana. Dzinali kuchokera ku Chilatini limatanthauza "kwamuyaya." 
Pangani duwa kumunda, ndi kunyumba pazenera zenera. Kuwoneka kwake kwakukulu kumakulolani inu kuti mupange nyimbo zomveka zosangalatsa.
Ndikofunikira! Musamabzala mitengo yayitali pamitengo kapena masamba oyandikana nawo - masamba ogwa akhoza kuphimba rosette ya maluwa a mwala, motero kuletsa dzuwa ndi mpweya. Rosette ya duwa imayamba kuvunda ndi kuwonongeka.Kubwezeretsedwa kumakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa kwambiri, kulekerera kutentha ndi kusowa kwa chinyezi bwino. Zimamera bwino pa dothi lowala ndi mchenga ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, kumera kunyumba "miyala yamaluwa" madzi amadzaza ndi mphika umodzi mwa atatu.
Echeveria
Echeveria - maluwa okongola kwambiri, omwe ndi a Crass, ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi 200. Maluwawo anawatcha dzina la Atanasio Eheverría, wojambula nyimbo wa ku Mexican, yemwe anafotokoza buku lonena za zomera zomwe zimakula ku Mexico. 
Mitengo imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu rosette, tsamba lalitali likusiyana ndi 3 masentimita 30 cm, ndi kupingasa kwa 1 cm mpaka 15 masentimita. Mapepala a leaf akhoza kukhala otsetsereka, angakhale otsetsereka ndi nsonga yakuthwa, akhoza kutsekedwa kapena kuphimbidwa kupaka sera. Chifukwa cha tsamba, Echeveria imalekerera mosavuta kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha, kuzizira ndi kutentha.
Mu mitundu yambiri ya Echeveria, tsinde lafupikitsidwa, zikuwoneka kuti palibe, ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri ya Echeveria, koma pali ochepa mwa iwo. Echeveria imaponya maluwa pa inflorescences mpaka 50 cm kutalika komwe kumawoneka ngati mabelu. Mtundu wa maluwa umadzaza, wowala: wofiira, lalanje, wachikasu, laimu. 
Echeveria imaimira mitundu yambiri. M'zinthu zonse iwo ali odzichepetsa, amasiyana wina ndi mzake mu kukula, mtundu, mawonekedwe a malo.
Ndikofunikira! Kawirikawiri, Echeveria imasokonezeka ndi mwana - izi ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi zomera, ngakhale zili kunja. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndikuti achinyamata angathenso nyengo yozizira pamatentha mpaka -30°C, pamene Echeveria silingalekerere chisanu. Mukayerekezera zomera ndi wina ndi mnzake, ndiye masamba a Echeveria adzakhala ochepetsetsa, minofu.Kulima kwa Echeveria kumudzi, malo ambiri, pafupi ndi mphika wokhala ndi mapenje oyenera. Maluwa abwino amamera m'nthaka ya zokometsera kapena cacti, koma ndizofunika kuwonjezera miyala.
Momwe mungasankhire dothi lachitsulo: Finyani dothi lochepa mdzanja lanu, mutsegule dzanja lanu ndikuwone zomwe zinachitika. Ngati dziko lasandulika mtanda - ndilolemetsa kwambiri kuti likhale labwino, ngati likuphwanyidwa - chabwino.
Crassula - zomera zokongola kwambiri. Iwo adzakhala okongoletsa bwino a munda wanu kapena nyumba.
