Shchitovki (Diaspididae) - oyimilira a banja la tizilombo tating'onoting'ono-ali ndi kusintha kosakwanira. Zonsezi zimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu pafupifupi 3,000 (nyongolotsi ndi ntchentche, komanso tizilombo toposa 2,600). Ngati simukugwirizana ndi "abwenzi obiriwira", ndiye kuti zingakhale zabwino kudziwa momwe alonda amawonekera ndi njira zomwe angachitire nazo, - kuti tifotokoze bwino, tidzakulangizani chithunzi.
Zimayang'ana bwanji
Taganizirani choyamba mawonekedwe a akazi - Mwa njira, ambiri "okonda" zomera zamkati ali ndi kufanana kwakunja:
- miyendo, mapiko, maso, nyamakazi - palibe, koma pamaso pa ziwalo zamakono zotukuka bwino;
- kwa achinyamata, pali zotetezeka ndipo pali mwayi wosunthira, ndiye chishango chimakula, ndipo zikazi sizimasuntha;
Mukudziwa? Pakati pa zinyama zonse, mkazi wamtundu, kuphatikizapo scarab, ndilo gulu lokha limene "limasintha" ku moyo wokhazikika, womwe umatsagana ndi kudya kosayima.
- thupi kutalika 1.5-2 mm, oval kapena mawonekedwe oyandikana, gawo saloledwa (kudya za munda mbewu ndi zazikulu, ndi thupi woboola kapena woboola thupi mpaka 5 mm kutalika);
- Mtundu wa thupi pansi pa chishango - choyera kapena chofiirira;
- chishango kwa anthu okhwima amakwirira thupi lonse kwathunthu kapena pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zina zimakhala zotetezeka kwambiri, zimakhala zogonjetsa kapena zimakhala zowonongeka ndipo zimakhala ndi gawo lachinsinsi ndi zikopa zachakuta;
- mtundu wofiira - wachikasu-bulauni ndi wakuda; Pakati pa kusasitsa kwa mphutsi, mtundu wa khungu lawo ukhoza kusintha, chishango chimakhalanso ndi mtundu umodzi - osati yunifolomu, mwachitsanzo, mphete yakuda ya golide ndi mzere wofiirira wa pakati.
Tsopano amunawa:- palibe ziwalo zomlomo, koma mmalo mwa maso ndipo amapanga kwathunthu miyendo ndi mapiko;
- gawo la thupi: mutu, chifuwa ndi mimba;
- kawirikawiri yoyera ndi yofiira, koma wofiira, wofiira ndi wowala lalanje;
- pamaso pa chishango chaching'ono.
Mphutsi imachitika zaka ziwiri:- m'badwo woyamba (mphutsi zotchedwa vagrants) - thupi lachikasu ndilopindika ndi lalitali, mpaka 0,3 mm kutalika, pali miyendo itatu ya miyendo, komanso nyamakazi ndi maso;
Mukudziwa? Samalani mtundu wa mphutsi - ngati mitundu yambiri ya Diaspididae imatha kumvetsetsedwa mwa yemwe adzabadwanso. Mwachitsanzo, nyemba zoyera za mabulosi shchitovki zimakula kukhala akazi, ndi zofiira - mwa amuna.
- zaka zam'mbuyo - kukula kwa thupi kumakhala kwakukulu, mpaka 0,5 millimita, zoyera kapena zofiira, monga lamulo, mbali yakuda ya ng'ombe, kawirikawiri palibe miyendo, ngodya, kapena maso. Chinthu chokhacho chimene chimasiyanitsa mphutsi zotere kuchokera kwa anthu okhwima ndi kukula ndi chitetezo: ndi chopepuka.
Musaiwale za mitundu yosiyana siyana ya zovuta: akazi a mitundu ina ali ofunika kwambiri, chishango chawo n'chovuta kusiyanitsa; ndi matupi osweka, otupa; Winawake ali ndi chikwapu chakuda ndi zina zotero. Chimodzimodzinso ndi chitukuko cha morphological: Mwachitsanzo, m'madera ena otentha a Diaspididae mulibe dzira lokha.Chovulaza chotani
Shchitovki - tizilombo towononga kwambiri, zomwe zili zokwanira kwa zaka 3-4 kuwonongedwa kwathunthu kwa mtengo wa zipatso m'munda. Zili zoopsa kwambiri kuti m'madera akumidzi a m'mayiko akumwera, chizindikiro chochepa cha kukhalapo pazitsulo (mwachitsanzo, mabulosi), kugawanika kwachangu, kumaletsa kutumiza kwa mbande ndi mbande. Pakati pa quarantine, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mitengo ya zipatso ndi zitsamba, komanso minda yamaluwa ndi tiyi.
Shchitovka amakhazikika pazitsamba, choncho muyenera kudziwa komwe zimachokera: khalani maso ndi maluwa kuchokera ku sitolo, ndi kubzala zinthu (angathe kutenga kachilombo), komanso zitseko zowonekera - mphepo ikhoza kulowa m'nyumba.
Zipinda zapakhomo zimadwalanso ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, mealybugs, zishango zonyenga, nthata zamatsenga, nematodes, thrips, whiteflies.
Zizindikiro za kugonjetsedwa
Kupweteka kwa masamba, zikazi zimapangitsa selo kuyamwa, chifukwa masambawo amadzala ndi mawanga achikasu, kenako amatembenukira chikasu kapena kutembenukira bulauni kwathunthu, kupotoza ndi kugwa kuchokera ku chomera. Pambuyo pake, imatha kukula, kuyanika, pang'onopang'ono kuwonetsa nthambi ndi kufa. Zipatso za cititrus zimatha kuwonongeka.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mumapeza masamba osakaniza pamasamba, ndizotheka kuti izi ndi kugwa, madzi okometsetsa a zitsamba, zomwe zimaphimba zimayambira, masamba, petioles, masamba ndi zipatso.Pambuyo imakhudza ndi bowa wakuda ndipo imasonkhanitsa fumbi.
Kupewa
Kuti musaganize momwe mungachotsere masititi pamapu, muziziteteza pasanafike ndikutsata malamulo awa:
- Gulani zitsulo m'masitolo apadera; izi zidzathetsa mwayi wokhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Pezani mitundu yosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo, funsani wogulitsa.
- Opeza "abwenzi" atsopano akuyenera kuti "azipatula". Ngati patatha masiku asanu ndi awiri palibe choyipa chodziwika - "kudziwa" ena.
- Sambani zomera ndi sopo. Zokwanira kuchita kamodzi pamwezi, koma ndizotheka nthawi zambiri (popanda kutengeka). "Msonkhano" ndi wofunikira kwambiri ngati mukusuntha phokoso la maluwa kuchokera khonde kapena msewu kulowa mu nyumba.
- Chotsani masamba owuma kapena owonongeka ndi mazenera mwa nthawi yake.
- Pewani nthaka ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate - kuwonjezera apo, ndi fetereza yabwino ndipo imalimbitsa mbewu.
- Chithandizo chothandiza cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pazitsamba zamkati chidzakhala yankho la madzi ofunda ndi adyo pansi ndi sopo, zomwe zimamwetsa mmera ndi pamwamba pa nthaka.
- Pomalizira pake, konzekeretsani ziweto zanu kuti mukhale malo abwino okhalamo: kuchepa kwa kupuma kudzapulumutsa ku matenda a mliri - zina zonse zidzakhala zopangidwa ndi kuwala ndi kutentha kwa nyengo, kutentha kwa mpweya, madzi okwanira komanso malo oyera.
Momwe mungachotsere msinkhu
Poyamba zizindikiro za matenda a sapling - kaya ndi nkhanambo kapena malo ena achirendo - ayenera kupatulidwa ndi zomera zina, ndiyeno fufuzani mosamala omwe anali pafupi. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo akuluakulu sangagwire ntchito (iwo ali ndi zikopa), koma angathe kuchotsedwa pamanja.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu ya Lepidosaphes ulmi - imakhalanso mbozi ya apulo - ikhoza kupezeka pafupifupi pafupifupi mbali zonse za dziko lapansi. Chidziwikiritso cha mitunduyi ndi chakuti imakhala mu magawo awiri a chikhalidwe.
Pankhani ya masamba ofunda, gwiritsani ntchito pulotoni ndi siponji, kwa omwe ali owopsya, dothi lofewa likhoza kuchita: konzani madziwa mu njira ya soapy ndikupukuta masamba onse ndi kumayambira kumbali zonsezo. Chotsani mankhwala onsewa, ngati mphutsi imodzi yomwe imatha kupulumuka mwangozi idzabweretsanso kubwezeretsanso pambuyo pa masabata angapo.
Kuti athetse vutoli, chotsuka chilichonse kapena sopo chiyenera kugwirizana - chuma, phula, zobiriwira. Dulani masambawo ndi thovu lakuda kwa theka la ora, ndiye tsambani ndi madzi otentha (mpaka madigiri 50 Celsius) kwa mphindi 2-3. Ndondomeko ya mlungu uliwonse ya mtundu umenewu idzachotsa shchitovki popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Mankhwala
Ngati kusamba sikukugwirizana ndi inu kapena simungathe kupitilira kwa mbeu zapakhomo, kukonzekera mankhwala, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zingathandize kuthetsa tizilombo. Zoona, kukonza nthawi imodzi sikukwanira. Chishango cha atsikana chimalepheretsa kukhudzana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - chiyenera kukhala chimbudzi cha mankhwala, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osankhidwa - mankhwala osokoneza bongo "Aktara" ndi "Confidor".
Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwalawa amathandiza:
- hormonal tizilombo ndi juvenoids - mwachitsanzo, pyriproxyfen "Admiral";
- Neonicotinoids: Aktara, Apache, Iskra Zolotaya, Korado, Konfidor, Mospilan, Tanrek;
- organophosphate mankhwala: "Aktellik", "Alatar", "Antiklesch", "Iskra", "Karbofos", "Kemifos", "Novaktion", "Fufanon", ndi zina zotero.
Ndikofunikira! Sungani kutentha kwa mpweya mu chipinda chosachepera madigiri 18, mwinamwake zotsatira za kukonzekera mankhwala zidzatsika kwambiri.Poonetsetsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo tizilombo ta mphutsi, tizilombo toyang'anitsitsa komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Musaiwale kupukuta zenera pazenera, mafelemu a mawindo ndi galasi, kumene mphika wokhudzidwayo wakhalapo, ndi madzi ndi mowa kapena mankhwala ochapira.
Musanatulutse chishango kuchokera ku zitsamba za m'nyumba ndikugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toopsa koopsa, onetsetsani kuti mungathe:
- bwino ventilate chipinda;
- Pulumutseni kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu ndi matenda, komanso amayi oyembekezera.
Zipinda zilizonse zimakhala ndi zokhazokha m'masamalidwe, ndizowonongeka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kotero ndikofunika kudziwa momwe tingatetezere maluwa a orchids, cacti, zomera za rabala, monsteras, clerodendrum, kalanchoe, hovey, streptocarpus, swellies.
Mankhwala a anthu
Njira zogonjetsera chishango ndi zosavuta: wina amaganiza kuti sagwira ntchito ndipo, mwa zina, akhoza kuvulaza mbewu. Mosakayikira, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapindula kwambiri, koma ngati simukukumana ndi malo otsiriza a matenda, n'zomveka kuyamba ndi mankhwala ochiritsira.
Maziko a zothetserazi zingakhale:
1. Kerosene:
- ayambitseni madzi okwanira 1 litre 40 g wa sopo (kapena 25 g wobiriwira) sopo;
- onjezerani madontho asanu a mafuta a mafuta ndikugwedeza njirayi bwinobwino.
2. anyezi:
- Tengani sing'anga-kakulidwe anyezi ndi kuwaza finely;
- Pukutani zidutswazo ndikutsanulira madzi kwa maola awiri.
3. Mafuta:
- onjezerani 6-10 g sopo ku kapu ya madzi ndi whisk mpaka mvula ikuwonekera;
- Sakanizani 15-20 ml injini ya mafuta (mungagwiritse ntchito supuni 2 ya azitona kapena mpendadzuwa).
Ndikofunikira! Asanayambe kusamba madzi, nthaka yothira ili ndi filimu. Ndi osafunika kupanga zomera ndi pubescent, wachikondi masamba.Chomerachi chimatsukidwa ndi emulsion lonse ndipo amaloledwa kuyima maola 6-10, kenako amachotsedwa. Zimatenga njira 2-3 ndi nthawi ya masiku 7-10.
4. Tsabola:
- Dulani 50 g wa tsabola watsopano;
- wiritsani mu 500 ml ya madzi;
- lolani chisakanizo chikuyimira tsiku ndi mavuto;
- Pofuna kusinthitsa zomera mu madzi amodzi, onjezerani 10 ml ya kulowetsedwa ndi 5 g sopo.
"Pepper" ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pawiri. Kuwonjezera apo, amasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, yomwe ili yabwino ngati kuli kofunika kuti muzitha kuchiza msanga.5. Mowa ndi sopo:
- Sopo, phula ndi sopo wobiriwira ndizofunikira kuti zithetsere (mulimonsemo); komanso kuthira zovala zotsekemera zidzachita;
- galasi la madzi ofunda lidzafuna supuni ya sopo;
- Kuti mupeze yankho lolondola, mukhoza kuwonjezera mowa (supuni ya tiyi ya mankhwala, ammonia, luso - ndi vodka), osaiwala kuwonjezera 300 g madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Mowa umatsutsana ndi zomera zosakhwima.6. Fodya:
- lita imodzi ya madzi idzafuna magalamu 80 a fodya youma kapena fodya;
- lolani chisakanizo chikuyimira tsiku;
- kusokoneza ndi kuwonjezera pa yankho la lita imodzi ya madzi.
7. Garlic: 
1) Chinsinsi choyamba:
- dulani mano asanu a adyo mu kapu yamadzi;
- chotsani emulsion mu chidebe chotsekedwa mwamphamvu tsiku limodzi kapena awiri.
2) Chinsinsi chachiwiri:
- Lembani mano asanu osweka ndi 500 ml madzi otentha;
- Aloleni iwo ayime maola 4-5.
Chishango ndi mdani wanzeru, mawonekedwe ake omwe sali ovuta kuwonekera. Kulimbana nalo kumafuna kuyang'anitsitsa zomera nthawi zonse ndikutsata njira zothandizira.
Musaiwale za chitetezo: gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opopera zovala zotsalira ndi zipangizo zotetezera, kuwerenga malemba pa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mutatha kumaliza mankhwala, yambani khungu poyera ndi sopo ndi madzi. Sungani zovala nthawi iliyonse yomwe ingatheke kunja kwa nyumba.
