Mphesa - imodzi mwa miyambo ya anthu yakale komanso yolemekezeka kwambiri. Lero ndi limodzi mwa zomera zomwe zimakonda kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba kutenga mlimi, mungathe kukumana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Chimodzi mwa tizirombozi ndi scythe.
Kodi tizilombo timayang'ana bwanji?
Shchitovki - tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono kuchokera ku 0,5 mpaka 5 mm, titaphimbidwa ndi timene timene timakhala timene timakhala timene timakhala timene timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timapanga. Khalani moyo, monga lamulo, pa zomera zokha. 
Mtundu wa chishango ukhoza kukhala wosiyana, woyera kapena wofiira ku lalanje, wofiira kapena wakuda, ndipo umadalira mtundu wa tizilombo.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya chishango ndi chisala. Olima munda amawagwirizanitsa ndi kufanana kwawo powonekera, khalidwe, ndi kuvulazidwa. Nkazi za tizilombo tomwe timatetezako zimakhala zazikulu kusiyana ndi amuna, zimangoyambira ali wamng'ono mpaka chishango chimapanga, kenako amakhala osasunthira pammera.
Mukudziwa? Pali mitundu yoposa 2.4,000 ya tizirombozi, ndipo chaka chilichonse, pamodzi ndi mankhwala ndi zomera, timabweretsa mitundu yonse yatsopano yomwe imakhala ndi mtundu wawo ndi makhalidwe awo.Chovulaza chachikulu chimayambitsidwa ndi iwo ndi mphutsi zawo. Amuna amtundu wa tizilombo tingathenso kuwuluka, koma sakhala ndi moyo masiku angapo ndipo samapweteka.
Ndivulaza yanji?
Shchitovka kudya chomera timadziti. Mkazi wamkulu, wodzaza ndi chikwapu, amataya ziwalo zonse zakunja, kupatula kwa proboscis. Kupyolera mwa iye, amamwa madzi a masamba.
Powonjezereka kwambiri, tizilombo timatenga zakudya kuchokera ku chomera, motero, zimachepetsa, zimachepetsa kukula, masamba ndi zipatso zimafota. Mphutsi zimayambitsa zovulaza zofanana.
Onani "Chameleon", "Chimwemwe", "Veles", "Arcadia", "Kardinal", "Choyambirira", "Annie", "Laura", "Timur", "Augustine", "Libya" , "Rochefort", "Amur", "Harold".Komanso, tizilombo timatulutsa madzi, otchedwa pad kapena uchi. Zimapangitsa bowa zakuda, zomwe zimaphimba kupuma kwa mbeu, zomwe zimayambitsanso kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe chake.
Zizindikiro zoyamba za kulephera
Kuzindikira kuti ndi nthawi yogonjera chishango pa mphesa kumasonyezedwa ndi mamba wofiira, bulauni kapena oyera kumbali zonse, ndi kuzungulira, nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi mafuta obiriwira. Mtundu wa miyeso imeneyi (ziphuphu za tizilombo) zimadalira mtundu wa tizilombo.
Nthawi zambiri mphesa zimadabwitsa. acacia spatulaNdizithunzithunzi: kumbuyo kuli kozungulira, kofiira kapena kofiira. Amakhala pansi pa masamba a mphesa.
Mitundu yotsalayo imapatsira mphesa mobwerezabwereza.
- California chitetezo - chishango chiri choyera poyamba, ndiye chimasanduka chakuda.
- Chikopa cha Brown - kulapa brownish, kusungidwa kumtunda kwa masamba.
- Mtengowo - chishango chiri choonekera, choyera kapena imvi, chimakhala pansi pa masamba.
- Masily Oily - kukhudzidwa kwambiri, kofiira. Amakhala pa zimayambira kapena m'mitsempha ya masamba.
Kupewa ndi agrotechnical malamulo
Shchitovka, makamaka anthu akuluakulu, olimba kwambiri, sakhudza ambiri mwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Choncho, kulimbana ndi chishango, chomwe chimapezeka mumunda wanu, ntchito yosayamika. Pofuna kupewa izi, nkofunika kutsatira malamulo angapo.
Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba, akatswiri a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda anatulukira mitundu ina ya zitsulo kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, ndipo anazitcha dzina la zomera zawo.
- Kugwa ndi kumayambiriro kwa masika, nthaka m'munda imakumba, feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kudulira nthambi zouma ndi nthambi zimapangidwira, ndipo mphukira zotuluka mumzuzi zimakhetsedwa.
- Moss ndi lichen amachotsedwa ku makungwa, tizirombo timakonda kubisala pansi pawo.
- Ndibwino kugula mbande zatsopano m'minda yodziwika bwino, ndikuyang'anitsitsa mosamala musanadzala ndi galasi lokulitsa.
- Tizilombo tingathe kuika mpesa panthawi ya katemera. Cuttings ayeneranso kufufuzidwa mosamala.
- Asanayambe kubisala, mpesa umatsukidwa khungwa lakale ndipo amachiritsidwa ndi yankho la phula la phula.
Nkhondo yogwira ntchito
Ngati chishango chikapezeka pa mphesa, sizitsulo zonse zolimbitsa thupi zidzakhala zogwirizana mofanana ndi tizilombo pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za chitukuko. Kuchokera ku mphutsi ndi mazira, mungathe kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena tizilombo toyeretsa poizoni, kupopera kapena kupukuta madera omwe akukhudzidwa.
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timakhala ndi anthu akuluakulu kapena mazira omwe amadzaza nawo. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kuti musamatsuke malo okhudzidwa.
Ngati shchitovki imagwira mbali zina za mpesa, monga momwe chithunzichi chikusonyezera, ndipo njira zomwe zatengedwa kuti zithetsedwe sizikuthandizani, muyenera kupereka nsembe osati masamba ndi nthambi zokha, koma mipesa yonse. 
Kwa zaka mazana ambiri za viticulture, njira zambiri zotchuka zothetsera mliriwu zapangidwa, komanso mankhwala ambiri ogwira ntchito.
Mudzakhala okondwa kudziwa za kufotokoza ndi njira zowononga tizilombo.
Mankhwala
Mankhwalawa akupanga mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti athetse tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa.
- "Admiral" (emulsion kuganizira) - mankhwala othandizira kwambiri ku California; Chogwiritsira ntchito, pyriproxyfen (juvenoid), chimayambitsa kusintha kwa tizilombo, kumakhudza mibadwo yawo yotsatira. Pafupifupi otetezeka kwa anthu ndi tizilombo todwalitsa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa masika ndi chilimwe. Pali zoletsedwa pa ntchito pafupi ndi mabwato a nsomba.
- Aktara ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe ali ndi zotsatira zambiri, kuphatikizapo tizilombo tosungira. Amapangidwa m'madzimadzi omwe amatha kupezeka m'madzi kapena mawonekedwe ake. Mankhwalawa ndi thiamethoxam, amagwira ntchito m'nthaka (mwa kuthirira kwa masiku atatu, kufika pamwamba pa zomera) ndi kupopera mbewu, kupyola masamba tsiku limodzi. Pa tizilombo timalowa mkati, timatha maola 24. Ikani ndi kutentha kouma. Zimagwirizana ndi tizilombo tina.
- "Actellic" (emulsion kuganizira) - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mankhwala - pyrimiphos-methyl, zotsatira za m'mimba-kukhudzana. Ikani kudzera kupopera mbewu. Imfa ya tizilombo imapezeka mkati mwa maola atatu, chitetezo chimatenga masabata atatu.
- "Konfidor Extra" (madzi dispersible granules) - mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuchokera ku kuyamwa ndi kutaya tizilombo. Thupi ndi imidacloprid, limagwira ntchito m'mimba, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mbewu. Chitetezo chili ndi masiku 30.
- "B-58 Watsopano" (emulsion kuganizira) - mankhwala osokoneza bongo ali ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana. Zowonongeka - dithiophosphoric asidi, imakhudzana ndi m'mimba. Yesani kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kawiri. Kutetezedwa kumatha masiku 20.
Ndikofunikira! "Bi-58" Kuopsa kwa nsomba ndi nyama zina zam'madzi. Sikoyenera kuti tigwiritse ntchito pafupi ndi malo ogulitsa nsomba.
- "Bona Forte" - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a scythe, mealybug, whitefly. Tizilombo timatha maola angapo, chitetezo chimatha mpaka masabata atatu.
Mankhwala a anthu
Mankhwala amachiritsi sagwira ntchito monga mankhwala, sizimaloledwa kukonza minda yaikulu yamphesa, koma ntchito yawo pa mtengo wapamwamba ndi yabwino kwa inu, mphesa ndi chilengedwe.
Ndikofunikira! "Aktara" ali ndi vuto la njuchi (malire okwera malire 4-5 km).Tizilombo tingathe kutsukidwa ndi nsalu kapena tizilombo toyamwa timene timalowetsedwa mu madzi asapu. Kuwonjezera apo, mungagwiritse ntchito njira yothetsera mafuta, soposi, sopo, kapena mowa. Mu njira iyi zomera nthawi zambiri.
Mukhoza kutsanulira zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi njira yothetsera phula (10 g sopo pa madzi okwanira 1 litre) kapena kupaka phulusa (300 g wa phulusa pa madzi okwanira 1 litre otentha, wiritsani kwa mphindi 30) 
Kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha madzi a mphesa, chifukwa tizirombo timene timasowa chinyezi kuti tibereke.
Kawirikawiri, nkhanambo, imakhala ngati tizilombo ta minda yamphesa ndipo nthawi zambiri timayesetsa kuthana nayo. Ngati izi ndizochepa minda ya mpesa kunyumba kapena m'dzikolo, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochizira. Iwo ali otetezeka kwa ena, musawononge mphesa, koma muyenera khama lalikulu.
Ngati zowonongeka kwa mphesa kapena kukonza malo akuluakulu, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
