Lero, udzu monga feteleza m'munda umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alimi ambiri.
Tiyeni tiwone chomwe udzu uli ndi chifukwa chiyani umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati fetereza?
Kufotokozera ndi kupanga
Udzu wouma mapesi a zomera popanda masamba ndi maluwa. Amagawidwa mu subspecies malingana ndi zomwe udzu umapezeka. Sitidzakambirana mitundu yonse, koma tidzakambirana za tirigu, balere, oat ndi pea.
Tirigu
Tirigu ndi a mbewu ya tirigu ndipo ndi imodzi mwa zomera zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika mkate m'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mafuta a tirigu amapangidwa ndi zinthu monga magnesium, chitsulo, zinc, ayodini, sodium, manganese, cobalt, komanso vitamini D ndi carotene. Tirigu ali ndi mavitamini B1-B4, B6 ndi B9.
Barele
Mapesi a balere ali owuma amakhala ndi calcium, fiber, phosphorous, potaziyamu, magnesium, ayodini, chitsulo ndi sodium. Komanso, ali ndi mapulotini, lysine ndi zinthu zomwe zimachokera m'thupi.
Mukudziwa? Mavitamini ndi mchere omwe amapezeka mu balere amadziwika bwino kuposa momwe amachitira mankhwala.Balere ali ndi mapuloteni ambiri. Chikhalidwe cha barele ndi mavitamini ochuluka monga D, A PP ndi E.
Oatmeal
Oats amakula m'mayiko ambiri kuzungulira dziko lonse la chakudya ndi zakudya za anthu. Mafuta owuma ouma amakhala ndi zakudya zambiri zomwe zimayenera kukolola, monga mapuloteni, chitsulo, cobalt, potaziyamu, carotene, ndi zina zambiri.
Zinthu zonsezi zimathandiza zomera kukhala ndi mchere wambiri womwe uli wofunika kuti pakhale zokolola zabwino.
Pea
Chomera - chaka chilichonse chomera. Udzu wouma wochokera ku nandolo uli wolemera mu lysine, mapiritsi ndi mapuloteni, umakhalanso ndi zinthu zambiri monga phosphorous, calcium, magnesium ndi zina.
Kuonjezera apo, nandolo ndi olemera kwambiri mu ascorbic acid ndi mavitamini a gulu B, E, H, PP. Nandolo ndi yosasinthika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera antioxidants omwe ali mmenemo.
Mphuno zotsatira
Tiyeni tiwone momwe udzu umakhudzira nthaka ndi zokolola. Ganizirani chinthu chilichonse mosiyana.
Manyowa omwe amaphatikizapo feteleza, nkhuku, chakudya cha nsomba, whey mkaka, mapepala a mbatata, kompositi, mazira a dzira, zikopa za banki, peel anyezi, nettle, makala.
Pansi
M'nthaka panthawi ya kuwonongeka, udzu wouma umakhala makasu komanso zakudya zamapuloteni. Zinaonjezeredwa ku lysine ndi mapadi. Udzu umataya m'nthaka mofulumira, komanso nayitrogeni padziko lapansi.
Choncho, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito udzu wouma kuti mupindule nthaka ndi feteleza. Chiwerengero ndi ichi: 10-12 makilogalamu pa 1 tani ya udzu. Kusakaniza kumeneku kunasokonezeka ngakhale mofulumira, ndi bwino kuwonjezera manyowa kwa icho. Izi zimawonjezera ntchito za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zikutanthawuza kuti kuyambika kwayamba kuyamba kuyenda molimbika kwambiri.
Pa zomera
Kuwonongeka kwa udzu wouma kumakhudza kwambiri mizu ya zomera, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa formic, benzene, lactic, acetic ndi zina zina zilowa pansi, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa mizu mu zomera.
Komabe, powonjezera nayitrogeni kwa izo, zotsatira zoipa pa zomera zimachotsedwa. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mchere, udzu wouma umatha mofulumira, monga momwe ziliri zofunika kwa tizilombo tonse ndi tizilombo topamwamba.
Phosphorus okhala mu udzu wouma ndi wochepa, kotero sizimakhudza nthaka yonse. Tiyeni tigwire kumene zimayambira zouma ndi tirigu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwawonekedwe lawo.
Gwiritsani ntchito udzu woyera
Ng'ombe zimadyetsedwa ndi zitsamba zouma. Chifukwa chakuti mankhwalawa ali ndi chakudya chambiri, amapatsidwa ngati kuvala pamwamba. Pofuna kuyamwa bwino, zitsamba zouma zimakhala pansi, amachizidwa ndi mankhwala (laimu, ammonia, etc.) kapena steamed.
Kudula udzu pamodzi ndi udzu wouma kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Mapesi owuma a zomera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamabedi.
Iwo ndi abwino kupanga makina ndi slabs. M'mabungwe ambiri osungiramo zinthu zakale a m'dziko lathu, udzu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti uphimbe padenga (Pirogovo museum ku Kiev).
Ntchito ina yowuma ya tirigu ndi nyemba ndi biofuel. Iwo amathandizidwanso kuti akhale opaka mafuta.
Nthawi zina udzu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mapepala (mwachitsanzo, nthochi). Kuchokera pamenepo mupange madengu ndi maukonde.
Ntchito yomanga, udzu umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga udzu.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, amayi ambiri apamwamba amavala kuvala zipewa. Amapanganso zisonyezo za udzu. Kugwiritsira ntchito udzu kuli ndi zambiri, koma tiona momwe ntchito yake ikugwiritsidwira ntchito pa ulimi wamakono, ndiko kuti, kulenga feteleza.
Kukonzekera kwa feteleza
Kugwiritsira ntchito udzu ngati thukuta ndi fetereza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kuphatikizira kumatanthauza kwenikweni "pogona dothi." Izi zimachitidwa kuti dziko lisapsere, ndipo chinyezi chimasungidwa pamenepo.
Ndikofunikira! Chimodzi mwa makhalidwe apamwamba a udzu wambiri ndikuteteza zomera ku tizilombo ndi matenda.Kuonjezera apo, kuyamwa kumachepetsa kapena kumachepetsa kukula kwa udzu. Komanso feteleza wa mulch amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakutchire m'nthaka. Maonekedwe a nthaka amakula, dziko limakhala lomasuka ndi lofewa.
Motsogoleredwa ndi dzuƔa ndi mvula, dziko lapansi limatayika zakudya zambiri, ndipo kuyamwa kumaliteteza. Palinso njira: kugwiritsa ntchito udzu wouma monga feteleza.
Musanayime mapesi a nyemba ndi tirigu pansi, ayenera kuwonongedwa. Kutalika kwadothi kwa zouma zouma sikuyenera kupitirira 10 cm (75%) ndi 15 cm (osaposa 5%).
Udzu ngati feteleza ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mbatata, chimanga, shuga beets, turnips, kaloti, maungu, zukini, mavwende.Musanapange mapesi owuma a mbewu ndi mbewu zowonjezera amapereka nayitrogeni. Amayambitsidwa mwa mtundu wa urea, feteleza wobiriwira kapena ammonium nitrate pa mlingo wa 1 centner pa 1 ha. Pambuyo pake udzu wouma umagawidwa mofanana.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kutalika kwa mdulidwe sikuyenera kupitirira 20 cm. Patapita kanthawi, muyenera kulimbikitsa udzu wouma pansi, koma simungathe kuchita pomwepo, chifukwa umavunda pang'onopang'ono. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndi kofunika kuti nthawi yina ikhale ndi udzu wouma womwe sukuikidwa m'manda.
Zotsatira zabwino zokolola zingapezeke mwa kuphatikiza zomera zouma ndikufesa manyowa obiriwira. Atalima udzu wouma, zidzukulu zimabzalidwa. Izi zimapangitsa nthaka kukhala chitsimikizo china cha zinthu zakuthupi.
Kuwonjezera apo, feteleza iyi imayambitsa mapesi owuma a tirigu ndi nyemba, zomwe zimakhudzanso ubwino wa mbewu.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsira ntchito zobiriwira ndi udzu kumakhudza kukolola kwa nyengo yozizira.
Zabwino ndi zamwano
Ndipo komabe tiye tiwone: udzu m'munda umabweretsa phindu kapena kuvulaza?
Mapindu ndi awa:
- Zomwe zilipo palokha udzu wouma sungakhale ndi chidwi ndi mafakitale, choncho sagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma ngati feteleza ndi chofunika kwambiri.
- Manyowawa ndi osangalatsa kugwiritsa ntchito kuposa ndowe.
- Kupatula nthawi yochepa ndi khama poyerekezera ndi feteleza ena (mwachitsanzo, manyowa).
- Kusavuta kusunga.
- Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakuthupi.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa dziko lapansi kunasokonekera.
- Kupititsa patsogolo chinyezi kwa nthaka.
- Malo okongola amakhala ndi madzi abwino, ndipo ndi zinthu zopindulitsa.
- Udzu wouma uli ndi mavitamini, zinthu zokhudzana ndi thupi ndi amino acid.
- Kupaka kaboni kwa feteleza uku kumapangitsa kuti "kupuma" padziko lapansi.
- Kuwonongeka, youma zimayambira zimapereka zowonjezera mpweya, chifukwa cha zomwe zomera zobiriwira zimakula.
- Chitetezo cha dziko lapansi kuchokera ku dzuwa.
- Pogwiritsira ntchito mitundu yambiri ya udzu kumawonjezera chiwerengero cha zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo okwanira.
Zinthu zolakwika zogwiritsa ntchito feteleza:
- Tizilombo tingagwere feteleza, zomwe zimakhudza chitukuko ndi zokolola za mbeu.
- Kutaya, mapesi owuma a tirigu ndi nyemba zimasandulika zidulo zovulaza mbewu.
- Udzu wouma uli ndi mankhwala ambiri, omwe amafuna madzi ochuluka kuti awonongeke.
- Mapesi owuma a tirigu amapha pang'onopang'ono ndipo chifukwa cha zinthu zopindulitsa izi zidzafika ku zomera kwa zaka 3-5.
Mukudziwa? Zamkati mwa udzu wa organic kupatula manyowa 3-4 nthawi.Pofuna kuteteza zotsatira zoipa za udzu wouma, muyenera:
- Ikani fetereza izi chaka chilichonse.
- Bweretsani mapesi owuma a mbewu yambewu mwamsanga mutatha kukolola.
- Pambuyo pogwiritsira ntchito feteleza, ndi bwino kubzala nyemba kapena kubzala mbewu.
- Nthawi zonse dziwani momwe mungapangire udzu wouma.
- Gwirani zouma zouma zamasamba ndi mogawanika mugawire nthaka yowonongeka, motero imangowola mofulumira ndipo idzapereka phindu lina.
- Yonjezerani nayitrogeni ndi nthaka yakuda pamodzi ndi udzu wouma wouma, kotero mlingo wa kuwonongeka kwa udzu udzawonjezeka ndi 30%.