Matenda a m'kamwa ndi m'kamwa ndi matenda owopsa a ziweto, ndi opatsirana kwambiri, choncho amafalikira mofulumira, amakhala ndi zotsatira zovuta osati zaulimi komanso zachuma chonse. FMD imafalitsidwa kuchokera ku zinyama kupita kwa anthu, mwatsoka, imachiritsidwa kawirikawiri, koma zosiyana zimachitika, kotero muyenera kudziwa momwe mungazindikire matendawa m'zinyama panthawi.
Kodi matendawa ndi otani?
Matenda a m'kamwa ndi m'kamwa ndi matenda a tizilombo omwe amapezeka m'zinthu zonse zakutchire, kuphatikizapo zakutchire, koma ng'ombe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Komanso, nyama zikudwala, mosasamala za msinkhu wawo, ngakhale kuti nyama zazing'ono zimatenga kachilombo mofulumira ndipo zimadwala matenda ambiri. Kuyenera kudziŵika kuti matenda a phazi ndi pakamwa akufalikira padziko lonse lapansi. 
Mavitamini, magwero ndi njira za matenda
Wothandizira fomu ya FMD ndi kachilombo kakang'ono ka mapuloteni ovuta, omwe amakhala ndi mamita 10-30 okha. Zili ndi ma ARV, omwe ali ndi ma rhinoviruses, banja - Picornaviridae.
Malingana ndi katundu wake, kachilombo ka HIV kamagawidwa kukhala mitundu iwiri - O, A, C, CAT-1, CAT-2, CAT-3 ndi Asia-1, yomwe iliyonse imakhala yosiyanasiyana. Chiwerengero cha mitundu yambiri chikusintha pamene kachilombo kamatuluka ndipo zatsopano zikuwonekera.
Ndipo ngati nyama yakhala ndi matenda a FMM, izi sizikutseketsa matenda ndi mtundu wina wa kachirombo ka HIV.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa:
- nyama zodwala, kuphatikizapo zomwe ziri mu nthawi yopuma;
- Odwala kachilombo (ng'ombe zomwe zakhala ndi matenda kale, zingakhale zoopsa kwa chaka chimodzi).
M'madera odwala ndizotheka kuzindikira kachilombo ka mkaka, msuzi, mkodzo ndi nyansi zozizwitsa, motero, zimayambitsa matenda a phazi ndi mkamwa popanda mavuto kulowa kunja kwa chilengedwe. Chotsatira cha izi ndi kuipitsidwa kwa nkhokwe, madiresi oyendayenda, zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, ziweto zodyera, msipu, malo osungiramo zakudya, ndi chakudya.
Opezeka, magalimoto, zinyama zina, monga amphaka, agalu, mbalame, zimatha kunyamula okha kachilomboka. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingakhalenso owopsa. 
Vuto la FMD m'deralo limakhala nthawi yaitali. Choncho, kumalo odyetserako ziweto kumapiri, amatha kugwira ntchito mpaka nyengo yotsatira, ubweya wa nyama umakhala masiku makumi asanu, pa zovala za anthu - mpaka masiku 100, komanso m'nyumba - mpaka masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri.
Mukudziwa? Pali chinthu chotchedwa "Cow Parade". Panthawiyi, zithunzi zojambula zamtundu wa fiberglass zojambulidwa ndi ojambula amaikidwa pamisewu ya mumzinda kapena m'mabwalo, kenako izi zimagulitsidwa ndipo ndalamazo zimatumizidwa ku chikondi.
Ng'ombe ikhoza kutenga kachilombo ka njira izi:
- pamene mukudyera mucosa;
- kudzera pakhungu lowonongeka la udzu ndi miyendo;
- ndi madontho a m'mlengalenga pamaso pa anthu angapo odwala.
Nthawi yosakaniza ndi zizindikiro za matenda a phazi ndi mkamwa ng'ombe
Nthawi yosakaniza imatenga masiku awiri mpaka 7. Matendawa nthawi zonse amakhala ovuta. Ng'ombe zikhoza kukhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya phazi ndi pakamwa - choipa komanso choipa.
Ganizirani zizindikiro za mawonekedwe abwino ndi chitukuko cha matendawa:
- Kusadya kosauka ndi kupuma pang'ono.
- Kutentha kukukwera madigiri 40.5-41.5, mucous membrane ya pakamwa ndi yotentha ndi youma.
- Kuthamanga mwamsanga ndi kupuma.
- Kupewa zakudya zonse komanso kuchepa kwa mkaka.
- Patsiku lachiwiri kapena lachitatu kuyambira chiyambi cha matendawa - maonekedwe a thovu (aft) m'kamwa, m'mphuno ndi pamapiko a mphuno, madzi amkati mkati mwake amawonekera poyamba, kenako amakhala mvula.
- Kuwoneka kwa zokopa pa siteti yaphulika aft.
- Kuchuluka kwa drooling, kuvutika kudya chakudya, ludzu.
- Khungu la khungu lomwe lili ndi ziboda, palinso anthu opanda pake.
- Tachycardia ndi arrhythmia n'zotheka, komanso matenda amanjenje.
Ng'ombe zambiri zowola zimatha pambuyo pa masabata 3-4 kuyambira nthawi ya matenda, kusamalidwa bwino komanso chithandizo chokwanira. Kufa pa nkhaniyi ndi kochepa - mpaka 0,5%. 
Zizindikiro za mafilimu oipa, kuphatikizapo aphuthus mucous ndi khungu, ndi awa:
- Zovuta kwambiri za mtima, kuphatikizapo mtima wosalimba.
- Kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe kake.
- Kusokonezeka maganizo, kusokonezeka.
- Kupuma pang'ono, kupuma.
Tsoka ilo, mawonekedwewa amadziwika ndi anthu ambiri, mpaka 70%.
Matenda a m'kamwa ndi m'kamwa mu mawonekedwe oipa amapezeka kawirikawiri mbuzi zazing'ono. Nkhumba zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri: ali ndi zaka ziwiri, alibe aphthae, koma amakhala ovuta gastroenteritis, sepsis, myocarditis, ndi kuvutika maganizo kwakukulu.
Ana odwala safuna kuyamwa. Iwo akhoza kufa kale tsiku loyamba, ndipo chiwerengero cha kufa chimatha kufika 60%.
Zosokoneza
Kuzindikira kwa matenda a phazi ndi pakamwa kumachokera pa:
- epizootological deta;
- zizindikiro za matenda;
- kusintha kwakukulu pachitseko;
- mayeso a ma laboratory.
Ndikofunikira! Pachizindikiro choyamba cha matenda oopsawa, chitani nthawi yomweyo kuti mudziwe msanga.
Ng'ombe kapena ng'ombe zikayamba kutuluka pakamwa, pamtunda, kumapeto, kuphulika, kunyalanyaza, kusafuna kudya chakudya, izi ziyenera kuchititsa kukayikira ndi matenda a phazi ndi mkamwa. 
Kwa kafukufuku wa labotale, makoma a aft amasankhidwa omwe sanafikebe (pafupifupi magalamu asanu). Zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa ziyenera kuikidwa pamsungwana, womwe umasakaniza glycerin yokwanira ndi phosphate buffer solution pH 7.4-7.6, yotengedwa mofanana.
Kenaka, chidebe chomwe chili ndi chitetezo chimasindikizidwa mwamphamvu ndipo, atakulungidwa mu ubweya wa thonje, imatsekedwa mu chidebe chosungira madzi. Zonsezi zimaperekedwa kuzinthu zoyenera zowona zanyama, ndikuyang'ana mosamala zowononga.
Mu labotale, pogwiritsa ntchito zochitika zosiyanasiyana, kukhalapo kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a FMD kumakhazikitsidwa. Ngati kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka, ndiye kuti zochitika zapangidwe zowonjezera zimapangidwira kuti zitsimikizire mtundu ndi mtundu wa causative wothandizila.
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti maonekedwe a mitsempha pamakamwa ndi pakamwa pa ng'ombe sizimasonyeza kuti pali matenda owopsa, chizindikiro chomwecho ndi chikhalidwe cha stomatitis ndi dermatitis, nthomba, ndi mliri.
Matenda opatsirana a ng'ombe amakhalanso: mycoplasmosis, anthrax, necrobacteriosis, endometritis, nodular dermatitis, chlamydia, brucellosis, leptospirosis, aplasmosis, actinomycosis.
Kusintha kwa pathological
Ngati tikudwala matendawa, monga taonera kale, imfa ya nyama zodwala zimachitika kawirikawiri. Kufufuza kwa autopsy kwa anthu akufa, pali aphthae ndi kukokoloka kwa nthaka m'kati mwa pakamwa, pambali pa chilonda, komanso pakhungu la kalilole wamkati, kumene kulibe tsitsi, milomo, nkhono, nkhonya ndi zofiira.
Nthawi zina zilonda zimenezi zili pafupi ndi anus. 
Koma ngati ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, kuphatikizapo zizindikiro zomwe tazitchulazi, kusintha kwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha ya mtima kumapezeka. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti chifukwa chachikulu cha imfa ya nyama zodwala ndi kuwonongeka kwa myocardial.
Pamene kufufuza kwina kwa mtima ndi kusakanikirana kwa myocarimu kumachitika, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timakhala ndi mawanga ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana.
Mu minofu ya kumbuyo, miyendo, lirime ndi zina, mitsempha ya minofu imapezeka ngati mtundu wa chikasu cha gelatinous serous chimalowa mkati.
Pa milandu yoopsa, panthawi ya autopsy, magazi amadziwika, omwe amapezeka m'magazi, mapapo, impso, chiwindi, komanso ubongo ndi msana. Mukhozanso kupeza serous kulowa mkati minofu yapansi, minofu yogwirizana, pamakoma a matumbo.
Kuchiza kwa phazi ndi pakamwa pakamwa
Chifukwa chakuti pali mitundu yambiri ya ma ARV, omwe amatha kusintha mosalekeza, samapanga chowona chilichonse chowombola kuchipatala matenda oopsa. Pankhaniyi, chinthu chachikulu - chisamaliro ndi kulimbana ndi zizindikiro.
Zochitika zambiri
Njira yoyamba ndiyo kupatula nyama zodwala m'chipinda chimodzi. Iyenera kukhala yoyera, ndi mpweya wabwino komanso kutentha kwabwino. Bedi lofewa, loyera ndi katundu wochuluka ayenera kuikidwa pansi. Ikhoza kukhala peat, utuchi.
Ndikofunikira! Pa nthawi ya matenda, ng'ombe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ku mavairasi ena ndi matenda, kotero amafunika ukhondo ndi chisamaliro, kuti asamawoneke kachilombo ka HIV.
Kudyetsa ng'ombe zodyera zimafuna chakudya chofewa chokha. Ndibwino kuti mupereke wokamba za ufa, udzu wobiriwira, kapamwamba wa silage. Onetsetsani kuti zinyama zimakhala ndi madzi abwino akumwa mokwanira. 
Njira yapadera
Mbali yofunika kwambiri pa chithandizo cha ng'ombe ndi mankhwala okhudzidwa ndi aphthae ndi kutentha kwa nthaka.
Pakuti mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Asidi asidi asidi;
- yankho la potassium permanganate - 0.1%;
- furatsilin - 0.5%;
Ngati zilondazo ndi zazikulu ndipo zimayambitsa kupweteka, ndiye kuti anesthesia ndi yofunika kuti nyamayo idye bwinobwino.
Kuti muchite izi, chitani zotsatirazi:
- Novocain;
- chithunzi;
- mkuwa sulphate.
Chiŵerengero cha zosakaniza: 1: 1: 2, ndipo monga maziko pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta odzola kapena mafuta a nsomba. Mafutawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumadera okhudzidwa pakamwa pasanayambe kudya.
Pofuna kugwiritsira ntchito mapeto, mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi phula ndi nsomba amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana, ndipo ngati kutupa kwakukulu kulipo, ndiye kuti ayodini kapena streptocid imagwiritsidwa ntchito pothetsa potassium permanganate. 
Mungathe kutenga mabedi osambira, chifukwa izi zimatenga:
- solutiondehyde - 2%;
- mankhwala ophera soda - 0.5%;
- Creolin kapena Lysol emulsion - 2-3%.
Zonsezi zimaphatikizidwanso m'makina apadera ndi madzi oyera pa kutentha kwabwino ndipo ng'ombe zimathamangitsidwa. Zonsezi zapamwambazi zikuchitika tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Chifukwa chaichi, gwiritsani ntchito:
- chithunzi;
- lactoglobulin;
- seramu kuchokera ku magazi a convalescents (awa ndiwo anthu omwe adwala kale ndipo adachira).
Mukudziwa? Ku Australia, zaka makumi angapo chiyambireni kubereka ng'ombe, vuto la manyowa linakula kwambiri: maluwa a m'deralo sakanakhoza kuchitapo kanthu, chifukwa anali atayendetsedwa ndi zinyama za nyama zam'madzi.
Pa milandu yoopsa, ng'ombe zodwala zimapatsidwa mankhwala othandizira mtima kuti azigwira bwino mtima. Pofuna kulimbitsa mphamvu, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timayambitsa matendawa.
Kupewa ndi katemera wa ng'ombe
Matenda owopsa monga matenda a phazi ndi mkamwa ndi ovuta kupewa kuposa kuchiza. Ndipo tsopano njira zotsutsa-chiyero padziko lonse zachititsa kuti m'madera ambiri pakhale mavuto. Komabe, pali mitundu yosiyana ya matendawa, chotero njira zothandizira ndizofunika kwambiri. 
Pankhani zokhudzana ndi matenda a phazi ndi mkamwa, pali njira 4 zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko osiyanasiyana:
- Katemera sapezeka, onse omwe ali ndi kachilomboka komanso omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amachotsedwa.
- Katemerayu amangopangidwa kumene kumayang'ana matenda, ndipo m'tchire nyamazo zimawonongedwa.
- Amagwiritsidwa ntchito katemera wamba nthawi zonse kuti asatetezeke m'madera ozungulira chifuwacho, m'kati, anthu onse odwala amawonongedwa, ndipo katemera amachitikira;
- Anthu opatsirana amachotsedwa, katemera wambiri komanso njira zodzipatula.
Izi ziyenera kunenedwa kuti njira yoyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko otukuka omwe ali ndi chuma chambiri, chifukwa chimapweteka kwambiri. Zina zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poganizira momwe zinthu ziliri, malo omwe amakhala komanso kukula kwa zinyama.
Njira zothandizira izi zikuphatikizapo kuyang'anira zogwirira ntchito zanyama pa malire a mayiko, kupitiriza kukhazikitsa njira zowonetsera chikhalidwe cha ukhondo m'mabungwe a ziweto komanso pakati pa anthu. Kuwonjezera apo, kuyendetsa kayendetsedwe ka nyama, chakudya ndi zipangizo ndi zofunika.
Ndikofunikira! Matenda a FMD ndi osagwirizana ndi mankhwala ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti awononge malo, mwachitsanzo, kuti azitsuka. Ndi bwino kuchiza nkhokwe zowonongeka ndi zothetsera 2% formaldehyde ndi 1-2 peresenti caustic soda.
Ndipo potsiriza, katemera, omwe amachitikira m'minda yambiri ya minda ndi ng'ombe, amawoneka ngati njira yothandiza kwambiri yothetsera matenda a phazi ndi mkamwa. 
Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ma serums, komanso katemera omwe amalandira kuchokera ku magazi a odwala tizilombo. Ng'ombe ikamaliza katemera, ndiye pambuyo pa masiku 21, imapanga chitetezo chomwe chimatha chaka.
Kuphatikizana, tiyeni tizinena kuti matenda a phazi ndi mkamwa mosakayikira ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri a ziweto. Ndikofunika kuti mudziwe bwino zizindikiro zake zoyambirira kuti mutenge njira zothandizira pakapita nthawi, chifukwa pa nthawi yoyamba zimakhala zophweka kuchita izi.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, matenda oyambirira a matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso matenda a FMM amayamba kufalikira m'madera akuluakulu. Ndipo njira zothandizira ndi katemera zidzakuthandizani kuthetsa mavuto oterowo. Samalani ziweto zanu, komanso thanzi lanu!
