Moniliosis ndi matenda a fungus omwe amakhudza mitengo yonse ya zipatso, kuphatikizapo apurikoti, mosasamala. Amatchedwa spores wa bowa. M'nkhaniyi muphunziranso momwe bowa amatha kupatsira apricots anu ndi momwe mungamenyane nawo kuti musataye munda wanu wa zipatso.
Kufotokozera ndi kuvulaza
Mitengo yamaluwa nthawi zambiri imadwala, imodzi mwa matenda oopsya kwambiri kwa iwo ndi kutentha kwa monilial. Dzulo mumawona mitengo yobiriwira yobiriwira ngati mitambo, ndipo lero nthambi zina zowuma, ngati kuti zimakhala zoziziritsa.
Phunzirani zambiri za zovuta za kukula kwa mitundu ya apurikoti monga "Kalonga wa March", "Velvet yakuda", "Northern Northern Triumph", "Black Prince", "Kuban Black".
Mitengo yambiri ya zipatso imatha kutenga matendawa, apulo, quince, apricot, chitumbuwa, peyala ndi pichesi sizitha kupitirira matendawa. Kuwonetsa mitengo ndi bowa mofulumira, choyamba maluwawo amakhudzidwa, ndiyeno onse apricot ndi zipatso zake. Chotsatira choipa cha matendawa chikhoza kukhala kutayika kwa mbewu, ndiyeno mtengo wonse. 
Mukudziwa? Magulu odziwika kwambiri a matendawa ndi awa: Monilia cinerea, omwe amakhudza kwambiri miyambo ya mafupa; Monilia fructigena, osapweteka kwambiri, koma akufalikira mofulumira m'mapula (apulo ndi peyala); Monilia cydonia, yomwe imakhudza quince.
Zizindikiro za maonekedwe
Kutentha kwa monilial kwa mitengo ya zipatso kumatchedwanso kuti imvi yovunda. Maonekedwe a matendawa angadziwonetsere monga:
- makungwa a mtengo wokhudzidwawo akudzaza ndi mapiritsi owala omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku fungal spores;
- masamba ndi nthambi zimakhala zofiirira komanso zimauma, patapita nthawi masamba atsopano angamere pamtengo, koma zidzatha mpaka nyengo yophukira;
- pa mtengo womwe umakhudzidwa ndi matendawa, zokololazo zidzatha mofulumira, zipatso zina zokha zidzakhalapo, komabe, zidzatuluka, zowola ndi zouma ngakhale zobiriwira.
Zimayambitsa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Nthenda yoteteza matendawa ndi bowa Monilia, ndi amene amachititsa mtengo kupyolera mu duwa, kenako amakula kukhala pedicel ndipo amapita ku nthambi. Kumapeto kwa kasupe, matendawa amadziwonetsera kupyolera mu mazira ogwa ndi maluwa, izo sizikhoza kudziwonetsera zokha kulikonse. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi ya chilimwe, nthambi zidzauma muzambiri, kenako zipatso.
Kutsika kwa mpweya kutentha kumapeto kwa apricot maluwa - malo abwino kwambiri pa chitukuko cha monilial kutentha. Kawirikawiri, ngakhale alimi odziwa bwino amalemba mazira omwe amagwa ndipo amangosiya nyengo yozizira komanso mphepo yamphamvu. Koma zizindikiro zoterezi zingatanthauze matenda oopsa a mitengo ya zipatso.
Matenda a fungal amatha kuchitika kuchoka kwa mitambo komanso kutentha kwambiri. Kutentha kwa nyengo yam'mvula yozizira kungayambitse matenda aakulu ndi monilial kutentha kwa mitengo ya zipatso. Pofuna kugonjetsa munda wanu wa zipatso za apurikoti, masiku ochepa ozizira kumapeto kwa mtengo wamtundu kapena kachilombo kamene akukula kuchokera kwa anansi anu ndi okwanira.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene mtengo ukuphulika, moniliosis ikhoza kugunda iyo kutentha kwa -1 ° C, ndi ovary - kuchokera -0.6 ° С.
Nkhumba za bowa zimalowa mumtengo kudzera kuvulala ndi ming'alu mumkango ndipo zimatha kuzizira kumeneko, komanso masamba ndi zipatso zomwe zimatsalira pa nthambi. Zimapweteka pakakhala nyengo yabwino ndikuyamba kulandira zomera zonse. Pamene chilengedwe chimakhala chofunda komanso chimbudzi, zowola zidzayamba kufalikira:
- ndi mpweya;
- ndi mvula;
- pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo.
Kuti mupeze zokolola zochuluka za zipatso zothandiza izi, muyenera kulima bwino mtengo (masika kapena autumn), manyowa, madzi, kudula ndi kuteteza ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Mitundu yotsutsa
Masiku ano, m'malo ogulitsira mbande mungapeze mitundu yambiri ya apricots, chifukwa chotsutsana ndi matendawa. Nthaŵi zina mbande za mitundu yotere zimapereka kugula muzipinda zapadera, komabe, ndi mtengo wapatali. Komabe, sikuli koyenera kukhulupilira nkhani yokhutitsidwa kwathunthu kwa apricot kuti asatenthedwe, chifukwa mitundu yotereyi siilipo, ndipo, mwina, ikuyesera kukunyengerera ndalama.
Komabe, tiyenera kudziwa kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya apricots, yomwe yakula mosiyana ndi kuvunda kwa imvi. Kuti asankhe. Mitengo yotereyi imangotengera kambirimbiri pa nyengo kuti ikhale ndi wothandizira, ndipo mumapeza zipatso zabwino. Mitundu yambiri, ngakhale kupopera mankhwala nthawi zonse sikupereka zotsatira.
Pamodzi ndi mitundu yatsopano yowuma, mitundu yakale idafalikira kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana la makumi awiri, monga Early Melitopol ndi Tsyurupinsky chinanazi, yawonjezeka kukana.
Mukudziwa? Poyamba, apricots zakutchire zinkaonekera kumadera akutali ku Central Asia ndi North China. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti anthu anayamba kugwiritsira ntchito apricots m'madera onsewa nthawi yomweyo.Palinso mitundu yatsopano yodalitsika yomwe imayesedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutsutsidwa kwa moniliose: "Nyenyezi", "Mwala wa Myevsky", "Melitopol 12908", "Red-cheeked", "Fortune".
Kuchiritsa ndi kumenyana
Nkhondo yolimbana ndi apricot moniliosis ndi yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa ngakhale mankhwala abwino ndi osavuta kuthana ndi matendawa. Kupewa kwakukulu ndiko kubzala mitundu yodalirika, yopanda matenda.
Maluwa a rosettes ndi zipatso (omwe pambuyo pake adzakhala magwero a matendawa), okhudzidwa ndi moniliasis, kusowa kudula nkhuni zabwino za apricot ndikuwotcha, zomwezo ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi zipatso zomwe zakhudzidwa. Njira yothandizira imeneyi iyenera kuchitika mwamsanga mutatha masamba, komanso masabata awiri kapena atatu mutatha maluwa.
Kukonzekera kwa apurikoti mutatha kupezeka kwa matendawa sikungakhale kovuta, chifukwa gawo la mbeu likhoza kutayika. Choncho Gwiritsani ntchito munda wanu musanayambe maluwa ndikubwezeretsanso maluwa atagwa.
Olima munda amalangizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito fungicides kwambiri kuti athetse matenda a apricot. Mwachitsanzo, kumadera otentha kumayambiriro kwa masika, kampani ya Horus imakhala yothandiza. Pambuyo pake, mungagwiritse ntchito fungicides: "Hamair", Bordeaux osakaniza, mkuwa sulphate, "Rovral", "Abiga-Peak".
Mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa fungal spores. Kusakaniza kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa musanapopera mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Ngati mawanga otupa amaoneka pamasamba, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Muyeneranso kuti musapitirire kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe atchulidwa m'malamulowo.
Ndikofunikira! Bowa ili ndi nthawi yaying'ono yobwezeretsa, mu masiku atatu okha basi akhoza kugunda mtengo.
Njira zothandizira
Olima amodzi amavomereza amavomereza kuti masiku ano fungicides sizothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi moto wa moniliac, choncho, ndibwino kuti muteteze mtengo kuvunda musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira.Zomera za apricot sizinthu kwambiri, mtunda wa pakati pa mitengo ikuluikulu ikhale yosachepera mamita 4-5.
Mu apurikoti ogwira ntchito, onetsetsani malo a nthambi zowonongeka ndi munda wamaluwa, nthambi za chigoba pansi pa mtengo ndipo thunthu liyenera kuperekedwa ndi mkuwa sulphate wothira ndi laimu kapena Bordeaux osakaniza. Nthawi zonse muwononge pakati pa apricot oyandama namsongole. Ayeneranso kukumba chomera masamba atagwa. Musanayambe kupanga apricots, amafunika kudula kuti ntchito yopopera mbewu ikhale yothandiza kwambiri.
Ngati pamakhala mvula yowopsa chifukwa cha moniliac mvula yamvula (pambuyo pa maluwa kapena kumapeto kwa maluwa), apricot ayenera kupatsidwa mankhwala a 0,3% a mchere oxychloride (30 g pa 10 l madzi) kapena 0,1% ya Topsin-M (10 g pa 10 l madzi). Olima amaluwa amalimbikitsanso kupereka mankhwalawa ndi 0.015-0.02% Skor (1.5-2 ml pa 10 malita a madzi).
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kusamalidwa bwino kwa mbeuyo kudzachepetsetsa kwambiri matenda omwe ali ndi spores ya bowa.
Kuchokera m'nkhani yathu, mwaphunzira zomwe zimakhala zovunda, momwe zimakhudzira mitengo ya apurikoti ndi momwe mungagwirire ndi moniliosis ngati zikuchitika m'munda wanu. Gulani mitundu yosagwirizana ndi matendawa ndipo musaiwale za kupewa.
