Anthurium

Anthurium (Anthurium) (chisangalalo chachimuna) - chomera cha epiphytic kapena theka-epiphytic osatha a banja la Aroid. Malo obadwira ku Anthurium ndi South ndi Central America.

Duwa losatha ili, malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, kuyambira 500 mpaka 900 mitundu. Kutalika kumafika 50-70 cm, kumakula pang'onopang'ono. Masamba ndi achikopa, kutengera mtundu wake, amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana ndi kukula kwake: mawonekedwe owoneka ndi mtima, opindika, otambalala, opindika, ozungulira, athunthu kapena otayika. Ndi matte kapena gloss. Utoto wa masamba a masamba nthawi zambiri umakhala wobiriwira, koma pali mitundu yokhala ndi "utoto" wamasamba.

Anthurium ndiwokongola kwambiri panthawi yamaluwa. Maluwa ake ang'onoang'ono amatengedwa mu inflorescence-cob mu mawonekedwe a mchira. Chifukwa chake dzina la mbewu, lomwe limamasulira kuti "duwa lodetsedwa." Khutu limazunguliridwa ndi mabulangeti owala, omwe mtundu wake umasiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu. Anthurium nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "chisangalalo chachimuna." Duwa "chisangalalo chachikazi" ndi spathiphyllum.

Zothandiza katundu

Anthurium imadzaza mlengalenga ndi nthenga zamadzi oyeretsedwa, potero zimachulukitsa chinyezi. Imagwira toluene ndi xylene zovulaza anthu (gwero lawo ndi zinthu zomanga) ndikuzipangira zinthu zopanda vuto.

M'malo otentha ku Colombia, akukhulupirira kuti maluwa ofiira a Anthurium amabweretsa chitukuko ndi chisangalalo mnyumbayo. Okwatirana kumene muukwati wawo wonse akusinkhasinkha mnyumba zawo za maluwa a Anthurium inflorescence.

Kusamalira anthurium kunyumba. Mwachidule

Kusamalira anthurium kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Chisamaliro cha Anthurium kunyumba chimafuna kusamala kwambiri, makamaka pazinthu chinyezi, kuyatsa ndi kutentha.

Kuika kwa Anthurium mutagula. Kanema

Maluwa

Maluwa ang'onoang'ono a anthurium amatengedwa mu cylindrical kapena spiral inflorescence-cob. Kutalika kwake m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumasiyana kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 30 cm. Cob imakutidwa ndi chotchinga chowala chomwe chimatha kupaka utoto wofiira, wa pinki, woyera, wachikasu, lalanje, wobiriwira, wobiriwira, komanso wophatikiza zingapo.

Kutalika kwa maluwa ndi miyezi 2-3, nthawi zina mpaka miyezi 6. Kupangitsa maluwa ambiri, ndikofunikira kukonza nyengo yozizira (madigiri 16-18).

Njira yotentha

Anthurium ndi thermophilic. M'chilimwe, kutentha kwambiri chifukwa kudzakhala madigiri 20-26, nthawi yozizira - madigiri 16-18, koma osatsika kuposa 15. Chomera sichilola kusinthidwa komanso kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha.

Kuwaza

Pofikira Anthurium Zofunika chinyezi chachilengedwe - 70-90%. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi osefedwa tsiku lililonse kutentha (kupatula mitundu yokhala ndi masamba velvety). Panthawi yamaluwa, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti madonthowo sagwera pachimake, chifukwa mawanga akuda amakhalapo pamadzi.

Kuti muwonjezere chinyezi, mphikawo ungayikidwe mu threyi ndi dongo lonyowa, ndikukuta maziko a zitsamba ndi moss yonyowa.

Kuwala

Anthurium kuyatsa kowala koma kosafunikira ndikofunikira. Malo abwino ndi mawindo akumadzulo kapena kum'mawa. Kummwera mudzafunika kumeta kuchokera ku dzuwa lowongoka.

Kuti zitheke kutulutsa maluwa kwa chaka chonse, kuwunikira kokufunikira ndikofunikira nthawi yozizira. M'nthawi yachilimwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti duwa lidayende nalo pakona yamdimba.

Kuthirira

Ma Anthurium m malo mchipinda salola kuthilira kwamadzi komanso kuyanika kwa nthaka. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupukutira gawo lapansi pokhapokha pamwamba pake mumoto. M'chilimwe, mmera nthawi zambiri umathiriridwa kawiri pa sabata, nthawi yozizira - nthawi 1 m'masiku 7. Mphindi 15 mpaka 20 pambuyo pa njirayi, madzi ochokera poto amatsitsidwa.

Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa: kuyimirira, defrosted kapena mvula.

Zaukhondo

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupukuta masamba a anthurium kuchokera kufumbi ndi nsalu yonyowa kamodzi pa sabata. Kamodzi pakatha miyezi ingapo mutha kusamba.

Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse inflorescence mwachangu munthawi yake.

Dothi la anthurium

Anthurium imafunikira dothi losalala la asidi (pH 5.5-6.0). Mutha kusankha imodzi mwazisankho:

• Peat yamahatchi, tsamba lamasamba, makungwa a paini ndi mchenga poyerekeza 2: 2: 1: 1;
• Peat, akanadulidwa a sphagnum moss, miyala yabwino, nthaka yamasamba (3: 1: 1: 1/2), khungwa laling'ono lamapa ndi makala.

Kukhetsa bwino madzi kumafunika.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Duwa la Anthurium kunyumba limadyetsedwa kamodzi pakadutsa masabata atatu aliwonse kuyambira nthawi ya Epulo mpaka Sepemba. Yabwino madzi mchere feteleza kwa maluwa maluwa pakati ndende.

Thirani

Kuchulukitsa kumachitika mu February-Marichi.

Zoyimira zazing'ono zimasinthidwa pachaka, akulu - kamodzi pachaka 3-4.

Mphika uyenera kukhala wocheperako, woyenera kukula kwa mizu.

Nthawi yopumula

Palibe nthawi yopumira. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuthirira ndikusunga kutentha kwa madigiri 16-18.

Ngati patchuthi

Mukasiya chomera mpaka masiku 7, sichimamva kusowa kwa makamu. Komabe, ngati mukupita nthawi yayitali - tengani chisamaliro cha anthurium kwa abale kapena anansi.

Kuswana

Anthurium imafalitsidwa ndikugawika kwa ma rhizome (njira), kudula ndi mbewu.

Gawoli

Duwa lokula limatha kugawidwa pakudula kapena kupatulira njereyi kuchokera kwa chomera. Ngati njirayi ilibe mizu, muyenera kuyiyika mumalovu onyowa. Ngati mizu ilipo, chomera chambiri chimabzalidwe m'nthaka. Masiku awiri oyamba sayenera kuthiriridwa, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse mpweya kuzungulira duwa.

Kudula

Ngati anthurium wamkulu ndi wautali kwambiri, mutha kudula pamwamba pa tsinde ndi masamba 2-4. Nthawi yomweyo, "chitsa" chotsalacho mwachangu chidzapereka mphukira zatsopano.

Zodulidwa mizu mu sphagnum kapena osakaniza sphagnum, makungwa ndi makala. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi polyethylene ndikuyikidwa pamalo abwino. Gawo laling'ono limasungunuka ngati pakufunika. Kutentha kwenikweni kwa mizu ndi madigiri 24-26. Pesi ikazika mizu ndikuyamba kukula, ikhoza kuilowetsedwa mumphika umodzi.

Kukula Anthurium kuchokera kumbewu

Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zatsopano, chifukwa zimataya msanga. Zofesedwa pamtunda zokhala ndi mchenga, peat ndi pepala. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi galasi, chokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira. Pambuyo pa masiku 7-10, mphukira zimawonekera, pambuyo pa miyezi 1-1.5 - tsamba loyambira lenileni. Pakatha miyezi 2-3, mbande zibzalidwe.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Kuperewera kwa chisamaliro choyenera kumayambitsa mavuto ndi anthurium:

• Masamba ayamba kuda - kuyatsa kwambiri.
• Masamba anthurium khalani achikasu kapena bulauni - kutentha kochepa.
• Plimamasula woyamwa - kusowa kwa kuwala, kusowa kwa michere m'nthaka.
• Mawonekedwe akuda ndi a bulauni pamasamba - kuthirira kwambiri, wandiweyani, gawo lapansi lolemera.
• Masamba anthurium zopindika -kuwonjezera kapena kusowa kwa kuyatsa, chinyezi chochepa.
• Malangizo a masamba amasanduka achikaso - Kutentha kochepa, kukonzekera, mpweya wouma kwambiri.
• Amasiya pang'ono pang'ono - calcium yochulukirapo m'nthaka, madzi ovuta kwambiri.

Anthurium imatha kukhudzidwa ndi mealybug, kangaude mite, mizodi nematode, nsabwe za m'masamba.

Mitundu ya Anthurium yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Anthurium Andre (Anthurium andreanum)

Kutalika kwa epiphyte kumeneku ndi masentimita 50-75. Masamba ovoid achikopa amatalika masentimita 30 mpaka 40, m'lifupi mwake masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Inflorescence yoyera kapena yachikasu, yotalika mpaka 15 cm, imakutidwa pabedi lamkanda looneka ngati chikopa lokhala ndi mitsempha yamaso ndi ma gloss. pamwamba.

Mitundu yotchuka ya Anthurium Andre:

• 'Acropolis' - Masamba - obiriwira amdima, khutu - chikasu, mabatani - oyera, lonse
• 'Arizona' - khutu - wobiriwira chikasu, pogona - ofiira;
• 'Pink Champion' - cob ndi pogona - pinki yowala;
• 'Kasino' - Cob - wofiirira-wobiriwira, wogona pamimba - wachikasu, ali ndi mawonekedwe muvi.

Anthurium scherzerianum

Masamba obiriwira kapena masamba lanceolate ali ndi matte kumaliza. Kutalika kwa Peduncle - 15-50 cm. Khutu ndi la chikasu kapena lalanje. Mabataniwo amawongoka, ozungulira, utoto wa pinki, wofiyira, lalanje, wobiriwira.

Anthurium zazikulu / Anthurium magnificum

Masamba akulu ndi aatali adapangidwa utoto wakuda, wonyezimira. Mitsempha ya kumtunda kwa tsamba limakhala ndi mtundu wa azitona, kotero kuti masamba amatenga mawonekedwe okongola. Bactal wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi tint ofiira.

Anthurium bakeri (Anthurium bakeri)

Masamba opangidwa ndi chikopa amakhala ndi kutalika kwa 20-50 masentimita, m'lifupi mwake ndi masentimita 3-9. Gawo lam'munsi mwa masamba limakutidwa ndi madontho ofiira. Kutalika kwa peduncle kumasiyana kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 30 cm. Kutalika kwa makutu oyera kumakhala mpaka 10 cm.