Borovik, yomwe imatchulidwa kawirikawiri, ndiyo bowa kuchokera ku banja la zibokosi za mtundu wa boletus. Amakonda kwambiri osankha bowa chifukwa cha kukula kwake, kulawa ndi kununkhiza. Kupezeka kwa maina ambiri kumatsimikizira chikondi ndi kutchuka kwa anthu: belevik, wood-grouse, babek, cobbler, wokolola. Borovik ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 300, yomwe imadya komanso imadya, komanso imakhala yoopsa. Tidzakulangizani ku mitundu 10 yowonjezera ya bowa, timapereka mafotokozedwe awo ndi zithunzi zomwe zingakupatseni malingaliro a momwe akuwonekera.
Bronze
Mtundu wa boletus (lat. Boletus aereus) ukhoza kupezeka kawirikawiri m'nkhalango za kumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa Europe. Malo omwe akugawidwawo ndi nkhalango zakuda (mitengo yamtengo wapatali, hornbeam, beech). Ku France, amatchedwa mutu wa munthu wakuda (mwinamwake chifukwa cha chipewa cha chokoleti). Ku Ukraine, ndi bowa wamtengo wapatali kapena wamwano. Kumeneku, mitunduyi imatchulidwa m'buku la Red Book. Komabe, monga ku Norway, Montenegro, Denmark. Ngati muli ndi mwayi, mungathe kukumana ndi mitundu yosaonekayi kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka chilimwe.
Mukudziwa? Mabwato aakulu kwambiri lero adapezeka mu 1961. Ankalemera makilogalamu 10 ndipo kapu yake inali yaikulu masentimita 57..Mtundu wamkuwa wa boletus uli ndi kapu yomwe ili ndi mamita 5-20 masentimita ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Khungu lake lonse ndi laling'ono ndi ming'alu yamdima. Mtundu wake ndi wamkuwa ndi chikasu chobiriwira, ndi chakuda kwambiri komanso ngakhale chakuda. Mnyamata, m'mphepete mwake muli zokhota, ndi msinkhu, pamene kapu imakhala ndi mawonekedwe okhwimitsa, amakhala pafupi. Ma tubulusi omwe ali pansi pa kapu ali oyera, ali ndi zaka zobiriwira.
Kutalika kwa mwendo wa 9-12 masentimita poyamba kumawoneka ngati mbiya, kenako kumakhala kozungulira. Nthawi zina zimakhala ngati mace. Mtundu wake ndi wofiirira, koma ndi wopepuka kuposa kapu.
Thupi ndi loyera, mtundu sukusintha pamene wadula. Lili ndi kukoma kwa bowa kwambiri komanso kukoma kwake. Ndi chifukwa cha zizindikiro izi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zitsanzo zamtengo wapatali ndikuziyerekezera ndi "mfumu ya bowa" - bowa woyera. Zouma, zophika, yokazinga, yophika. 
Mtengo (wotsika)
Mitundu ya Oak (lat. Boletus reticulatus) nthawi zambiri imatchedwa chilimwe. Zitha kupezeka m'nkhalango zamtunduwu, makamaka m'mitsinje, mitsinje, mbozi, mabokosi, m'madera ozizira. Zikuwonekera molawirira - makope oyambirira amapezeka kale kumapeto kwa kasupe. Mapeto a fruiting ndi mwezi wa October.
Tikukufunsani kupeza momwe bowa iyi ya mtundu wa borovik ikuyang'ana kuchokera kufotokoza kwathu kochepa. Kukula kwa kapu kumatha kukumana ndi masentimita 8 mpaka 25. Poyamba imakula mu mawonekedwe a mpira, kenako imakhala yogwirizana. Khungu pa kapu lili ndi ming'alu yaing'ono yomwe imapanga maonekedwe okongola. Mtundu wa kapuwo nthawi zambiri umakhala wofiirira. Nthawi zina sizingakhale ndi mawanga abwino. Mipira yoyera ili pansi pa kapu. Pambuyo pake, amakhala ofiira achikasu kapena azitona.
Msola umakula kuyambira masentimita 10 mpaka 25. M'mabotusi aang'ono amafanana ndi mphuno yokhala ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo mu bowa wokalamba ndi ofanana ndi chitsulo. Mtundu wake ndi wofiirira. Kutalika kwake konse kuli ndi galasi loyera. Nthawi zina amapezeka bulauni.
Thupi ndilo thundu loyera. Pa nkhani ya mtundu wake samasintha. Lili ndi fungo lokongola la bowa ndi kukoma kokoma pang'ono. Fungo labwino limakhala lodzaza kwambiri mu bowa zouma.
Mitundu ya Oak imakhala yofanana ndi ya paini. Kusiyana kooneka kokha pakati pa iwo ndikuti kumapeto kwake kumakwirira kagawo kakang'ono ka mwendo.
Bowa wamtundu watsopano ndi mawonekedwe a marinated. 
Phunzirani zambiri za bowa zodyedwa: aspen, bowa wakuda mkaka, boletus, russula, volushki, bowa la satana, chanterelles, aspen bowa, white podgruzdki, bowa, bowa, bowa, bowa, bowa, bowa, bowa, bowa.
Sungani
Kupenda mwachidule mitundu yobiriwira ya bowa wambiri timapitiriza kufotokozera mtsikana (lat. Boletus appendiculatus). Lili ndi mayina ena ena: adnexal, ovary, bulauni-chikasu, kufupikitsidwa. M'chilengedwe, amapezeka kawirikawiri. Monga lamulo, malo omwe akugawidwawo amalephera kumadera omwe ali pamalo otentha, nyengo zosasunthika komanso zosakanikirana. Amakonda kukula pansi pa mitengo ya oki, hornbeams, beeches, fir. Zipatso kuyambira oyambirira chilimwe mpaka oyambirira autumn.
Mutha kuzizindikira ndi chipewa chachikasu, chofiirira kapena chofiira. Muzojambula zazing'ono zimakhala zozungulira, kenako - zowonongeka. Mkati mwake imakhala ndi masentimita 7 mpaka 20.
Msola uli wamakono kapena mawonekedwe a kampu kuyambira 6 mpaka 12 cm m'litali ndi kuchokera 2 mpaka 3 cm mukutali. Achinyamata borovikov yokutidwa ndi mauna. Pansi pali chikasu, pansipa - wofiira-bulauni.
Mnofu ndi wachikasu. Pamene kudula ndi utoto wabuluu. Thupi la zipatso ndi zonunkhira ndi lokoma.
Malingana ndi zizindikiro zakunja, bowa wamtambo amawoneka ngati ofiira. Mukhoza kuzisiyanitsa ndizoona kuti wotsirizirayo ali ndi chipewa chachikasu, chikondwerero chakumunsi chimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, ndipo fungo ili lokha, lofanana ndi carbolic acid. Komanso, boletus iyi ikuwoneka ngati yeniyeni yokhala ndi chokhacho chokha chomwe chimachokera mnofu woyera. 
White
Kodi bowa woyera umawoneka bwanji (lat. Boletus edulis) mwinamwake amadziwika ngakhale kwa achinyamata. Ndime yaikulu komanso yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ya mtundu wa borovik, ikukula m'nkhalango zowonongeka, coniferous ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mafomu mycorrhiza ndi mitengo ina. Ikuwonekera mu mafunde. Fruiting yake ingagawidwe m'magulu angapo. Zipatso zochuluka kwambiri panthawi yachiwiri - pakati pa mwezi wa July. Fruiting imatha mu October. Pophika, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitundu yonse ya mitundu.
Mukudziwa? Zomera zouma zambiri zamakono kuposa mwatsopano. 100 g yachitsulo chatsopano imakhala ndi kcal 34, ndi mankhwala ouma - 286 kcal..Mitunduyi imadziwika ndi kapu yaikulu yomwe imakhala ndi masentimita 25. Zithunzi zazikuluzikulu zimakhala ndi masentimita 50. Mtundu wake umakhala woyera, koma ukhoza kukhala wofiirira, umakhala wofiira - zozizira zimakhudza mtundu wa kapu. Khungu lake ndi losalala, labwino mpaka kukhudza.
Chipewacho chikuphatikizidwa ku mwendo waukulu komanso mwendo. Amakula mpaka masentimita 20 m'litali ndi 5 cm m'lifupi.
Msola uli ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, umayenda mozama kumunsi. Mtundu wake ndi woyera kapena wonyezimira beige. Chitsulo chosungira chimakwirira pamwamba pake. Miyendo yambiri imabisika m'nthaka.
Masamba pakutha kapena kudula sasintha mtundu, ndipo nthawi zonse amakhalabe woyera. Zimasangalatsa kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi kukoma kokoma ndi nutty.
Zigawo zina sizinasokonezedwe kawirikawiri ndi mitundu yoyera. Mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe a oak ndi ma chikasu ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi maonekedwe ake.
Bowa loyera limatchedwa ndi mankhwala. Mu mankhwala ochiritsira, njira zogwiritsira ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira chisanu, ndi angina, chifuwa chachikulu, monga kupeŵa mapangidwe a khansa komanso kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.
Ndikofunikira! Pansi pa bowa zoyera zamkati, zomwe zili ndi kulawa kowawa ndipo sizitha. Mukhoza kuzisiyanitsa ndi kapu: mu zoyera, mbali yake ya pansi ndi yoyera, imvi, yachikasu, ndipo imakhala ndi ndodo yokongola. Ngati mutathyola thupi, ndiye mu bowa zoyera ndi zoyera, ndipo mu ndulu - ndi pinki tinge. Pa mwendo wa kumapetoko muli mdima wamtunduwu.
Birch
Birch boletus (lat. Boletus betulicola) imatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa chakuti imapanga mycorhiza ndi mitengo ya birch. Nthaŵi zambiri amapeza opaka bowa ku Russia ndi kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Limakula pamphepete mwa msewu. Zingathe kukulira mabanja ndi okha. Zipatso kuyambira ku chilimwe mpaka m'mawa.
Mu toyeso aang'ono, makapu ali ndi mawonekedwe a miyendo. Kwa anthu akuluakulu, ndizowona. Miyeso yake ingakhale ya 5 mpaka 15 masentimita awiri. Mtundu wake ndi wopepuka: kuchokera ku white-ocher mpaka chikasu. Mwinamwake pafupifupi woyera. Pamwamba pa kapu imakhala yosalala, nthawi zina makwinya. Mbali yake yotsika kwambiri imakhala yoyera m'maganizo aang'ono; kenako, pamene ikukula, imakhala ndi mdima wonyezimira.
Msola ukhoza kukhala ndi utali wa masentimita 5 mpaka 12. Maonekedwewa amafanana ndi keg - akufutukuka kuchokera pansi, otsika mpaka pamwamba. Mtundu ndi woyera ndi utoto wofiira pang'ono. Kumtunda wapamwamba umadzaza ndi manda woyera.
Thupi ndi loyera, mutatha kuswa ilo limakhala lofanana. Zosangalatsa, zokoma pang'ono. 
Kupitiliza
Mbalame yotchedwa Burlet's boletus (lat. Boletus barrowsii) imapanga mycorrhiza ndi mchere ndipo imakhala ndi nkhalango zambiri ku North America. Kawirikawiri limakula mwachisawawa, m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kapena akuluakulu m'nyengo yachilimwe.
Ili ndi kapu ya minofu yomwe imakhala yolemera kuyambira masentimita 7 kufika 25 cm. M'magulu aang'ono ndi kuzungulira, mu zakale ndizowona. Mtundu wake ukhoza kukhala wosiyana - woyera, wachikasu, imvi. Mzere wosanjikiza wamtunduwu umakhala woyera, umakhala wakuda pang'ono pamene ukula ndipo umakhala ndi chikasu chachikasu kapena chobiriwira.
Msola uli pamwamba kwambiri, umakula msinkhu wa masentimita 10-25, m'lifupi ndi 2-4 masentimita. Maonekedwe a gululo. Kutalika konse kwa mwendo kukukongoletsedwa ndi manda woyera.
Mapira a Burrough a cowberry ndi owopsa. Lili ndi fungo la bowa wolemera. Zimakonda zokoma. Mtundu wake ngakhale pamene wadulidwa kapena wosweka umakhala woyera.
Nthenda ya bowa iyi ndi yochepa poyerekeza ndi, mwachitsanzo, ndi maonekedwe oyera - ili pa chigawo chachiwiri. Zimapatsidwa kuyanika, kuwira, kufuma, kunyamula. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika soups, sauces, mbale mbale. 
Yellow
Boletus (lat. Boletus junquilleus) imakula m'nkhalango za oak ndi beech ku Western Europe ndi madera ena a Russia. Amapindula kuchokera pakati pa chilimwe mpaka m'mawa.
Chipewa chake sichiri chachikulu ngati cha anthu ena a mtundu wa borovik - chimakula kuyambira masentimita 4 mpaka 16. Ndizosavuta kuona zitsanzo zomwe zili ndi kapu yamentimita 20. Monga ndi borovik yonse, patapita nthawi, imasintha mawonekedwe ake - choyamba imakhala yodutsa, kenako pang'onopang'ono imakhala yanyonga. Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, lamveka wachikasu. Pamwamba pa kapu nthawi zambiri imakhala yosalala, koma ikhoza kupindika. Gawo la pansi, kumene miyalayi ilipo, imakhalanso chikasu. Ngati mumapachika, ma tubes adzasanduka buluu.
Kutalika kwa miyendo - 4-12 masentimita, tuberiform. Ojambula wachikasu. Mosiyana ndi borovikov ambiri, sichiphimbidwa ndi gridi. Nthawi zina zimakhala ndi mamba kapena tirigu wofiirira.
Pulp consistency wandiweyani. Zilibe pafupifupi fungo. Mtundu ndi wachikasu. Pamene kudula kusintha mtundu ku buluu.
Boletus yapamwamba imayikidwa m'gulu lachiwiri la bowa lomwe limaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ntchito yaikulu yomwe imapezeka mwatsopano, yophika komanso youma.
Phunzirani momwe mungamere bowa kunyumba ndi mapindu awo ndikuvulaza thupi.
Royal
Dera lakukula la King Borovik (lat. Boletus regius) limangokhala ku Russia. Amamera m'nkhalango zakuda, makamaka mu beech, pa dothi lamchere ndi mchenga. Zipatso kuyambira oyambirira chilimwe mpaka oyambirira autumn.
Bowa ndi maonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Ili ndi kapu yofiira, yofiira kapena yofiirira, yomwe imafika mamita 6-15 masentimita, ndipo pamwamba pake imakhala yosalala, nthawi zina ili ndi ming'alu yoyera. Mu bowa wachinyamata, umakhala wotetezeka, kenako umasintha n'kukhala wokhoma. Oyimira akale a mitundu iyi ali ndi chigoba pakati pa kapu. Miphika m'munsi mwachitsulo chakuda chobiriwira kapena chikasu.
Msola umakula mpaka masentimita 15 mu msinkhu. Kulemera kwake kumatha kufika masentimita 6. Zithunzi ndi mtundu wachikasu. Mbali yam'mwambayi ili ndi manda wachikasu.
Mnofu wa mfumuyi ndi wachikasu. Ngati inu mutadula iyo, iyo imatembenuza buluu. Ali ndi fungo labwino ndi kukoma. Kusasinthasintha kuli kolimba.
Maganizo awa ndi ofunika. Pophika, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano ndi zamzitini. 
Porosporic
Porospore borovik (lat. Boletus porosporus) kaŵirikaŵiri imatchedwanso kuti Moth. Malo ake omwe amamukonda ndi ovuta komanso osakanikirana ndi nkhalango. Kumeneko amaoneka kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa autumn.
Chipewa chake chimakula mpaka masentimita 8. Imawoneka ofanana ndi mtsamiro kapena chilengedwe. Pamwamba pake muli ndi zoyera. Mtundu wake uli wakuda kapena imvi-bulauni. M'munsimu muli wobiriwira. Mukakanikizira ma tubes mutembenuze buluu.
Msola uli wautali wautali, mtundu wofiira-bulauni. Pamunsi muli mtundu wolemera kwambiri.
Mapira a porospore oyera. Malingana ndi mawonekedwe, ndi minofu. Chokoma, ndi fungo lobiriwira. M'magulu angapo, bowa uwu amadziwika ngati chakudya choyenera.
Ndikofunikira! Pakati pa borovik pali zakudya zokhazokha, zosavuta komanso zowopsa - mwachitsanzo, nkhandwe yotchedwa boolfus, miyendo yokongola, mizu, Le Gal, yokongola, yofiira, yofiira, etc. Choncho ndikofunika kumvetsera mtundu wa bowa pazolakwikazo. Kawirikawiri mu thupi losavomerezeka limakhala pinki, bluish.
Vechtner
The fechtner borovik (Boletus fechtneri) imakula ku Russia, Far East ndi Caucasus. Zitha kupezeka m'nkhalango za mtundu wa broadleaf kuyambira ku chilimwe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chaka.
Imakhala ndi kapu yapamwamba yamtundu wa 5 mpaka 15 cm. Pamwamba pake pali silvery-yoyera. Mzere wosanjikiza pansi ndi wachikasu. Khungu ndi lofewa, ndipo pakagwa mvula imakhala yosalala.
Msola wa mitundu iyi ndi tuberiform. Kutalika kwake kumafikira masentimita 4 mpaka 16, m'lifupi - 2-6 masentimita. Pamwamba pake amajambula chikasu, pansi pake ndi bulauni. Kaŵirikaŵiri amadzazidwa ndi matope, koma sangakhale.
Mphuno ya boletus imeneyi ndi mnofu komanso zotanuka. Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Zipaka zoyera. Pamene kudumpha kumakhala ndi chigoba cha bluish.
Mwa kulawa, boletus iyi ndi gawo lachitatu. Amanyeketsa mwatsopano, mchere, zophika. 
Phunzirani kukonzekera bowa la porcini m'nyengo yozizira.Tsopano inu muli ndi lingaliro la chomwe chiboliboli chiri, ndi mitundu iti yomwe ili yofala kwambiri ndi yolemekezeka pakati pa mafani a "kusaka chete". Kukula kwakukulu, kukoma kwakukulu, kukula m'magulu - ili ndi mndandanda wosapindulitsa wa ubwino wa bowa uwu. Amaphatikizidwa mu magawo oyambirira ndi achiwiri a zakudya zamtengo wapatali ndipo apeza ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi mbale. Mitundu ina imakhalanso ndi machiritso.
