Gloria Day - chimodzi mwa zovuta zodabwitsa, kubadwa kwake - nkhani yonse ya chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu ochokera m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko lapansi, zomwe zinapereka. Maluwa amodzi adakopa chidwi cha anthu ambiri kuti awatchule njira imodzi, choncho lero mitundu yosiyanasiyana imalembedwa pansi pa mayina anayi: Madame Meyang (France), Gloria Dei (Germany ndi mayiko ambiri olankhula Chirasha), Gioia (Italy), Peace (USA) ndi mayiko olankhula Chingerezi ).
Kufotokozera
Gloria Day ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa a hybrid, omwe amadziwika ndi mtundu wake wosasangalatsa, womwe umasintha nthawi yonse ya maluwa. Malongosoledwe a mawuwo samasonyeza bwino kukongola kwa duwa: mtundu wa mphukira ya golide wachikasu ndi malire ofiira owala, pamene imatsegula, pang'onopang'ono umakhala ombre wofatsa kwambiri mu maonekedwe ofunda, a pastel.
Mukudziwa? Mu Chikatolika, duwa ndi chizindikiro cha Amayi a Mulungu. Maluwa oyera amaimira moyo wakumwamba, ndipo wofiira amaimira moyo wapadziko lapansi.
Kuchokera ku mitundu ya tiyi, duwa lakhala ndi miyendo yofiirira, yobiriwira yobiriwira masamba, zomwe zimapanga kusiyana kwakukulu ndi dzuwa lomwe limatuluka.Chitsamba Choyaka Gloria Tsiku chikufika pa 120-150 masentimita mu msinkhu, chiwerengero cha nthambi zonyamulira chikuwonjezeka pa zaka, mu chaka choyamba cha kukula kwa nyengo mwina 2-3. Maluwa ndi aakulu, otentha, akuphuka kuchokera ku masamba obiriwira. Mimba ya masamba otsegulidwa bwino ndi 10-15 cm.
Pamalo amaluwa mungapeze maluwa osiyanasiyana: chitsamba, kukwera, chivundikiro, Dutch, Canada, English, makwinya komanso m'nyumba.
Mbiri ya zosiyanasiyana
Zomwe zimayambitsa zowonjezereka zinabweretsedwa kuchokera ku America ndi Mfalansa dzina lake Antoine Meyang wochokera kumudzi wa Lyon, yemwe pamodzi ndi mwana wake Frans Meyan, adapanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Poyesa kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe a French amachita, ndizokwanira kunena za mbande 800, 750 zomwe zinakanidwa ndi kuwonongedwa chifukwa chosasamala.
Mu 50 otsalawo, omwe analola kukula ndi kusamba ndipo anali Gloria. Chitsamba chosakanizidwa ndi dzuwa, kudula zipatso ndi uchi maluwa kunapatsa masamba atatu okha, omwe amodzi okha. Kotero, pamapeto pa imfa, tsogolo la "zaka za m'ma 100" linayamba mbiri yake.
Mukudziwa? Tili ndi maluwa onunkhira kwa a Chitchaina - ndi ochokera kumeneko kuti tiyi yonyezimira imachokerako. Ndipo ambiri a maluwa amasiku ano ndi mbadwa zochokera ku tiyi ndi maluwa a Bourbon, omwe anachitika ku Ulaya m'zaka za zana la IX.
Ndikoyenera kunena kuti obereketsa sanayambe kubweretsa mtundu wonyezimira-pinki, ndipo kukongola kwa kukongola kunali kosangalatsa kwa iwo. Meyang Sr. amalankhula za ana ake mwachikondi komanso mwachikondi. M'zosakayikitsa kuti patatha kubadwa kwa Gloria, makasitomala a mtundu wa makina adayikidwa mu nthawi yoyamba.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1940, ngakhale ngakhale zithunzi zojambulajambula zinali zosawerengeka, makasitomala a zojambulajambula anali malonda odabwitsa kwambiri, zowonongeka zoterezi zingathe kuwononga bizinesi yaing'ono ya pinki ya banja la Meiyan, koma zinyamazo zinali zodabwitsa komanso zokongola zomwe Antoine anaika pangozi ndipo sanalakwe.
Zithunzi za maluwawo, zikadali pansi pa mutu wa ntchito 3-35-40 (3 mgwirizano-1935-40 mmera), zinawonekera pamabuku a kabukhulo, malamulo amodzi omwe anagwidwa ndi banja - aliyense ankafuna kuona chidutswa cha exotics pabwalo lake. Posakhalitsa obereketsawo anayenera kuwonjezera malo awo kuti akhale ndi nthawi yokwaniritsa malamulo onse omwe akubwera.
Phunzirani za zovuta za kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa, monga "Kerio", "New Dawn", "Chopin", "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" - Intuition, Falstaff, Pierre de Ronsard, Sophia Loren, Floribunda.
1939 - chaka chimene Gloria Deya anali ataloledwa kulowa m'madera onse padziko lapansi. Panthawi imeneyo, Meery anapeza maluwa a maluwa ku Mexico, komanso kunja kwa dziko lapansi, ndipo mu 1939 akatswiri achifalansa ndi achilendo anasonkhana m'madera akumidzi a Lyon kuti azindike mapepala ndikuwona zochitika za anawo.
N'zosakayikitsa kuti kuchokera pang'onopang'ono ku Gloria, iwo anasangalala? Msonkhanowu utatha, timadontho timeneti timatumizidwa kwa obereketsa ndi asayansi ochokera ku United States, Germany, Meiyan adalangiza kuti ogwira nawo ntchito adzidziwe bwino ndi zosiyana siyana, kuziwerenga ndi kuganizira za dzina, koma ndondomeko ya wolima maluwa inaletsedwa ndi ndondomekoyi: Nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse inayamba. Kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, ubale pakati pa mayikowo unatayika.
Koma aliyense wa iwo amene adapeza phesi la duwa lokongola anatha kulisunga. Kotero Ajeremani anatcha rozi "Ulemelero kwa Ambuye" kapena Gloria Dei - dzina lomwe linakhazikitsidwa m'mayiko olankhula Chirasha. Achimwemwe ku Italy ankakonda dzina lakuti Gioia kapena "Joy." Achimereka anali apamwamba kuposa onse; analemba zosiyana pa tsiku la kugwidwa kwa Berlin pansi pa dzina la mtendere, mwachionekere kutanthauza kufunika kwa mtendere (kusowa kwa nkhondo) ndi kukongola kwake konse.
Mukudziwa? Maluwa ndiwo okhawo omwe zomera zawo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinyama, koma pazomwe zimakhala zamasamba (mtundu, tsinde, kukula kwa masamba).Kwa mwiniwake wodziwa yekha, Frans Meiyan, dzina la rosa anali waumwini kwambiri, adamutcha dzina la amayi ake omwe anali asanamwalire, Madame A. Meilland ("Madame Meyang").
Zizindikiro
- Morphology. Mir kapena Gloria Dei ali ndi mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Chitsamba chobiriwira, chomwe chimakula kwambiri ndi zaka 2-3 za kukula kwa nyengo, zimawoneka bwino, ngakhale nthawi yayitali. Miyeso ya duwa ya chitsamba ndi yochititsa chidwi: 120-150 masentimita mu msinkhu, koma Gloria Dei sali wosiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa chitsamba, kutalika kwake kumzu ndi mphukira zazikulu 5-7, kotero zimabzalidwa mulu. Dera la duwa lotsegulidwa kwathunthu ndi 10-15 masentimita; kutalika kwa mphukira ndi pafupifupi masentimita 6, ndipo chiwerengero cha pambali pa chovalacho chimakhala kuyambira 26 mpaka 45 (+ -). Izi ndizosiyana kwambiri. Mapesi a Rose amakhala ndi zosavuta, koma zazikulu ndi zitsamba zaminga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupanga kapangidwe ka bouquets.
- Aroma. Gloria ali ndi zipatso zokoma kwambiri ndi zonunkhira za uchi. Kukhazikika kwake kungakhale kosiyana malinga ndi nyengo ndi kutentha kwa nthaka.
- Mavuto akukula. Mofanana ndi maluwa onse, izi zimakonda nthaka yabwino. Mbewu yabwino kwambiri yakuda, yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwonjezere manyowa ndi manyowa ndi peat. Koma, zokongola zimamveka bwino popanda kupaka mineral. Gloria Dei amakonda kuwala, akhoza kubzalidwa m'madera omwe akuwalitsidwa ndi dzuwa m'mawa. Ndi kupeza kuwala kosavuta kwa dzuwa, maluwawo amamva bwino, koma m'munda mumakhala mthunzi.
Zotsatira zam'kalasi
Zosiyanasiyana ndizodzichepetsa:
- Kulimbana ndi matenda a fungal ndi kuvunda;
- madzulo bwino, m'madera omwe kutentha kumatsikira pansi pa -20 ° C, maluwa akhoza kuphimbidwa ndi masamba a spruce kapena agrofibre;
- imafalikira patapita pang'ono kuposa maluwa ambiri: kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa June mpaka oyambirira a July;
- Mtundu wa maluwawo umasintha ndi masitepe a kutsegula Mphukira kupita ku kuwala ndi kosavuta, kununkhira kumasintha ndi nthawi - kuchokera ku uchi wandiweyani ndi zipatso ku chipatso chowala.
Kusankha malo m'munda ndi kubzala
Kusankha malo ogona a pinki a pinki, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti munda wanu uli ndi kachidutswa kamene kamakwaniritsa zofunikira izi:
- Kuwala pang'ono. Ndikofunika kuti mazira oyambirira agwire maluwa, amame mame ndikuwuteteza ku bowa.
- Zakudya zowonjezera, nthaka yochepa. Palibe madzi. Maluwawo sadzakula pa dothi komanso nthaka yozungulira.
- Oyambirira. Florists samalimbikitsa kubzala maluwa pamalo omwe anabzala ndi maluwa kapena chiuno chokwera kwa zaka zoposa 10. Izi zimawononga nthaka ndipo zimawonjezera chiopsezo chopeza matenda. Akonzedweratu kwa maluwa - asters ndi nyemba.
Choncho, ngati zonse zili bwino ndi nambala 1, mukhoza kupitiriza nambala 2 - kumalo.
Bedi la maluwa a pinki kamakhala ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono kapena amtundu umodzi, tchire timabzalidwa muzitsulo za checkerboard. Ndi kubzala kotere kwa mbande, chifukwa maluwa amatsegula bwino, chifukwa tchire ndi tchire tambiri ta Gloria Dei zingayambitse mbuye wawo mavuto ambiri.
Tikufika. Musanadzalemo, konzani dothi la maluwa: kukumba, ndiye kumasula, gwiritsani ntchito mulch ndi feteleza.
Mbali za kubzala ndi chisamaliro zimadalira mtundu wa rose womwe uli nawo: cuttings, mbande kapena mbewu. Nthawi yomweyo, timanena kuti kukula kwa duwa kuchokera ku mbewu si ntchito ya anthu aulesi kapena osapirira, chifukwa njira yonse idzatenga chaka chimodzi kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto, ndipo kumera ndi kukonzekera kumera ndizosiyana kukambirana. Kuti mwamsanga mupange munda wanu wa rozi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mbande kapena cuttings ndi ife Tidzadziwa momwe tingakonzekerere bwino zomera ndi nthaka pansi:
Kugula kwa cuttings. Phesi imatengedwa kuchokera ku chitsamba kuyambira nthawi yopanga masamba mpaka kumapeto kwa maluwa. Sankhani phesi lamphamvu, yomwe inkawonekera m'chaka chomwecho, pafupifupi masentimita 8 m'litali, yomwe ilipo pafupifupi 3-4 pentafolio. Mbali yakumtunda ndi mphukira imadulidwa ndi ngakhale kudulidwa, ndipo pansi pamtunda, pamtunda wa 45 °, mapepala opangidwa ayenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti achepetse kutuluka kwa madzi.
Chimodzi mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri pa kudula ndidula loyenera la masamba okula, wina akhoza kunena kuti moyo wa chomera umadalira pa izo.
Kenako, imwetsani timacheti athu ndi mapeto otentha mu nthaka yobiriwira kotero kuti 1-2 kukula masamba kumapita pansi. N'zotheka kuyendetsa gawo limodzi ndi zokopa za rooting, mwachitsanzo, ndi "Kornein". Patatha masabata awiri mutabzala, timayang'anitsitsa bwinobwino dothi, ngati mpweya uli wouma kwambiri, phesi ili ndi chivindikiro kapena chophimba china kuti chichepetse kutuluka kwa madzi.
Cuttings akhoza kubzalidwa lotseguka pansi kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe kapena miphika mu kugwa. Kulima kwa chilimwe kumapereka zotsatira zabwino, koma ngati mumaganiza kuti muyambe kugwa, werengani malamulo ena.
Pakadutsa masabata 4 mutabzala, pokhapokha ngati mutawombera, zidutswazi zimasamutsidwa kupita kumdima, kumalo ozizira mpaka kumapeto (kumapeto kwa March, kumayambiriro kwa April), komanso m'nyengo ya chilimwe, mbande yokhala ndi mizu yayamba kale. , kuchepa kamodzi pamwezi kudzakhala kokwanira, mwinamwake mungathe kuyambitsa zowola. 
Kubzala mbande. N'zotheka kudzala mbande pamalo otseguka kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa April mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa October. Zomera zimayenera kukonzekera:
- Onetsani zowonjezera mizu pogwiritsa ntchito nsonga zazu ndi pafupifupi 0,5 masentimita, izi zidzakupatsani chitsimikizo ku kukula ndikuthandizira kuwulula mizu yosadziwika. Muzu wathanzi umayenera kukhala woyera pa odulidwa, ngati odulidwawo ndi bulauni, muyenera kuchotsa mbali yakufa musanayambe kuoneka woyera, nthawi zina muyenera kuchotsa mizu yonseyo.
- Gwiritsani ntchito mizu ya "root", "Appin" kapena njira zina zogwiritsira ntchito rooting, yoyenera kukula.
Mukhoza kudzala duwa m'chaka ndi m'dzinja.
Mbewu ikatha, tengani malo otsetsereka:
- dzenje liyenera kukhala lalikulu kwambiri kuposa mizu ya mmera;
- 1/3 yomaliza bwino bwino imayenera kudzazidwa ndi chisakanizo cha peat, humus ndi perlite, koma ngati muli ndi dothi lakuda, mukhoza kumangoyamba kumayambitsa humus;
- mmera "umayikidwa" pa mtunda wopangidwa, powona kuti nsonga za mizu sizimatuluka;
- Pogwiritsa ntchito mmwamba pamwamba pake, tsitsani madzi okwanira 1-2 malita, potsata nthaka youma;
- dzenjelo likulumikizidwa mu nthaka, mopepuka kugwedeza pansi ndi zala zanu.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati Gloria Dei amalembedwa m'chiuno, muyenera kusiya mbeuyo kuti chiyambi cha Gloria kukula ndi 3-5 cm pansi. Izi zidzalola kuti chikhalidwe chikhale ndi mizu yake komanso kuti zisawonongeke.
Malangizo Othandizira
Gloria Dei sali wosasamala mu chisamaliro, kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha ndi matenda. Amasowa muyezo woyang'anira maluwa: kudulira, kuthirira, ndi nthawi zina, feteleza.
Kuthirira
Maluwawo amathirira madzi ngati dothi limauma, monga duwa silikufuna madzi osasintha. Ndikofunika kuti madzi akudiririra akhale ofunda ndikukhazikika kwa maola 24. Mukamwetsa ndi payipi, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti madzi sagwedezeka pamtunda, chifukwa ngakhale nthawi yamadzulo yamadzi, moto umatha kukhala pamapepala.
Kupaka pamwamba
Maluwawo amafunika kudyetsedwa kawiri pachaka, nthawi iliyonse isanakwane. Monga lamulo, nthawi yoyamba ili pakati pa April, ndipo yachiwiri ndikumapeto kwa mwezi wa July, koma izi ndizoyandikira ndipo zimadalira zosiyanasiyana.
Manyowa osakaniza, monga humus ndi mineral complexes kuphatikizapo nayitrojeni, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kuvala koyamba. Mavitrogeni angathandize chitsamba kuti chikhale chobiriwira chobiriwira ndikupanga mtundu wa masamba kukhala odzaza. Kachiwiri kudya, feteleza amchere amatha kuchotsa potaziyamu-phosphonate - izi zimapangitsa kuti mphukira zazing'ono zisinthe.
Ndikofunikira! Zamagulu pansi pa tchire zimangopanga mawonekedwe a madzi okha, monga zitsime zouma zitha kutentha mizu ndi zimayambira za zomera.
Kudulira
Kudulira ndi nthawi yofunikira kwambiri yosamalira maluwa, ili ndi ntchito yoyera ndi yokongoletsera. Kukonza kumayenera kupangidwa ndi chida chakuthwa patali pafupifupi masentimita 0,5 kuchokera mu impso. Kudulira kobiriza ndi mitsempha yosamveka kapena lumo kungasinthe chitsogozo cha kukula kwa m'tsogolomu kuthawa, zomwe palibe zomwe zimafunikira.
Ntchito yaukhondo ndi:
- kuunikira korona wa chitsamba. Ndikofunika kuthyola mphukira kumbali ya mphukira kunja; kudulidwa kutsogolo kumadzetsa kuphulika kwa korona, chifukwa mphukira zazing'ono zimakula mkati;
- kuchotsedwa kwa ziwalo zakufa. Chaka chilichonse, mizu imapereka zatsopano, mphukira zazing'ono, zomwe zimakula kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mphukira zakale zimadya zakudya zochepa ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimafa. Ndikofunika kuchotsa ziwalo zakufa ndi zakufa pofuna kuthetsa mpikisano wazitsamba zazing'ono komanso kupewa kutayika kwa akufa kale;
- "revitalization" akugona. Kawirikawiri, mphukira iliyonse iyenera kutha ndi mphukira kapena mphukira yogwira ntchito yomwe imatulutsa mtundu wobiriwira. Koma motsogoleredwa ndi nyengo kapena zifukwa zina, kuthawa kungathe "kugona" popanda kupanga masamba ndi mfundo za kukula. Mphukira yoteroyo siidzatha, koma idzadziletsa kuti ikhale ndi zomera, imadya zakudya zamtengo wapatali komanso imachotsa korona. Pofuna "kudzuka" mphukira yotereyi, imadulidwa mwachidule monga momwe zingathere, nthawi zambiri imathandiza;
- kuchotsedwa kwa mphukira zodwala, zofooka ndi "zakutchire".
Mbali yokongoletsera imathandiza:
- khalani korona wa chitsamba;
- yikani nthambi zokhumba zofuna kukula. Malingana ndi mbali ya kudulidwa, mukhoza kutsogolera kukula kwa mphukira mkati, kunja kapena pamtunda. Ngati chodulidwacho chimayang'ana ku mphukira yakunja, ndiye kuti chitsamba chimakula kumtunda, ngati mkati-mkati. Nthambi zing'onozing'ono zowonongeka zimatha kuwongoledwa podula mpweya wa mkati.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Ndikusamala bwino, pafupifupi nthendayi palibe. Sichikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dzimbiri ndi powdery mildew, kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda a fungal ndi mizu zowola. Mavuto omwe ali pamwambawa amadza chifukwa cha chilengedwe ndi zinthu zosayenera. Kuchokera ku tizirombo mpaka ku maluwa ndi owopsa: otentha aphid, thrips, nematodes ndi nthata zamagulu, koma ndi tizilombo timene timathandiza nthawi yomweyo komanso osadwalitsa maluwa amachotsedwa mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ndikofunikira! Malo abwino amathandizira kuopseza tizirombo: tsabola wowawa, adyo kapena mahatchi - zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu ndi fungo lamphamvu, tizilombo tambirimbiri timakhala tisalekerere.
Gloria Tsiku - zokongoletsera zokongola za munda uliwonse. Kusasamala, nyengo yozizira-yolimba, kununkhiza bwino kunayambira ndibwino kwa onse a rose rose munda ndi odulidwa. Florists amanena kuti aliyense wolemekezeka wolima wamkulu ayenera kukhala nacho chimodzi mwa zolemba zake.
