Ktenante (Ktenante, Ctenanthe) - chomera chamkati cha gulu lokongoletsa, ndi cha banja la Marantova.
Nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi calathea chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mitundu ya mitundu.
Kufotokozera
Kumtchire, a qutenant amapezeka m'madera otentha a ku South America (Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela), omwe amauzidwa ku dziko lathu kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.
Masamba a qutenant ali ndi mazira, amphongo kapena amphongo, omwe amakhala ndi mitsempha, yomwe ili pamphuno yaing'ono monga mawonekedwe kapena mphukira, kumene maluwawo anachokera.
Mukudziwa? Ctenos imamasuliridwa kuchoka ku Chi Greek monga "chisa".Masamba a quteni awiri: chobiriwira chobiriwira kapena chowala bwino ndi mtundu wooneka bwino wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakhala yobiriwira, yobiriwira, yofiira kapena yoyera. Pamwamba pa pepala ndi velvet. M'mphepete mwake masamba ali ndi mdima wofiira.
Poyamba madzulo, masamba a Ctenant akukwera kumwamba, kutsekedwa, kutsika mmawa.Kutalika kwa chipinda cha chipinda kumatha kufika masentimita 90, ndipo mwachilengedwe - mpaka mamita 2.5.
Ktenanta kawirikawiri imayendetsa mwiniwakeyo ndi maluwa, mawonekedwe a maluwawo amafanana ndi mtundu waukulu wa tirigu wofiira, woyera kapena wachikasu. Okonda zinyumba zapakhomo pamtengo wokongola wa masamba.
Mitundu
Kunyumba, Berl-Marx, Lubbers, ndi Oppenheim amakula ndi mnzake, ngakhale sayansi imadziwa mitundu 15 yokhalamo.
Ctenante Burl-Marx
Onani Ctenanthe burle-marxii anapeza ku Brazil Roberto Burle-Marx. Mwa mitundu yonse ya banja la maranth, chomera ichi ndi chaching'ono kwambiri, sichimafikira masentimita 40 mu msinkhu. Masambawo ndi obiriwira, oviira, omwe amakhala ndi mabala obiriwira ngati mawonekedwe, ali ndi mawonekedwe a rectangle ndi m'mphepete mwake pafupi ndi masentimita 6 mpaka 10 mu kukula, ndi kumbali yina - chitumbuwa.
Malingalirowa atengedwa bwino kwambiri muzu wa m'mundamo, kufalikira mwa mawonekedwe a chophimba.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya Berl-Marx ctenants: obscura, magris ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zimasiyana mumthunzi wa masamba.
Mtundu wa obscura (Obscura) masambawo ali ndi malire ambiri a malachite.
Ktenanta Burl-Marx Amagris (Amagris) omwe amadziwika ndi masamba obiriwira omwe ali ndi mthunzi wakuda mthunzi. Ctenante Burl-Marx Amagris anapangidwa mwaluso ku Belgium.
Lekani ctenants kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 20, mukhale ndi maonekedwe okongola a udzu pamsana.
Ktenant Lubbers
Ctenanthe masamba a lubbersiana mawonekedwewo ndi aatali, akukwera mmwamba. Mtundu wa masamba ndi wobiriwira wa emerald ndipo mwachisawawa amwazika mabala akuluakulu a mabala otumbululuka. Pamphepete mwa masambawo muli masamba obiriwira. Mitengo ya zomera zamitundu ya vinyo. Chikhalidwe cha mtundu uwu ndi kukula kwa masamba pa thunthu. 
Zogulitsa pali ktenanta mwa mitundu "Mosai wa Golden" (Golden Mosaic), "Variegata" (Variegata), "Brazilian Snow" (Brazilian Snow) ndi "Tropical Dragon". Yoyamba imakhala ndi mawanga obiriwira a mawonekedwe osasintha pamdima wakuda. "Variegata" imadziwika ndi maonekedwe a chikasu.
Mawanga pa masamba a mfumukazi "chisanu cha Brazil" ndi "chinjoka chachilengedwe" ndi amatsenga, koma oyamba amakhala ndi mawanga aakulu, pafupifupi theka la tsamba. Pa masamba a "Malo Ophimba Kumoto" mumakhala mazenera akuluakulu. 
Pamwamba pa mfumukazi ya Lubbers imadutsa kuchokera masentimita 80 kufika 1 mita.
Ktenanta Oppenheim
Ctenanthe oppenheimiana - imodzi mwa apamwamba kwambiri. Kutchire, wolima wa Oppenheim amakula mpaka mamita 2, kunyumba - kufika mamita 1. 
Mukudziwa? Oppenheim's Ktenant amatchedwa "giant bamburanta."Masamba ake ndi amphamvu, obiriwira ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira, zazikulu kumbuyo. Zowonongeka pansi, yaitali (mpaka 40 cm) masamba amawombera.
Mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ku Ulaya ndi "Tricolor" (Tricolor), pa masamba pali mawanga ndi mikwingwirima ya mtundu wa pinki wotumbululuka.
Ktenanta amavomerezedwa
Masamba olemeredwa (Ctenanthe Compressa) imayimira makoswe ndi mapiri ozungulira a pistachio mtundu ndi michere yosaoneka ya mdima wooneka ngati mitsinje.
Sayansi imadziwika cbyant ctenant, kapena ctenant cytosis (Ctenanthe setosa) ndi bristle cuttings. 
Osati kokha calatheas, komanso arrowroot, stromant, ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi ctenant, zipinda za nyumba zikuwoneka zabwino pafupi wina ndi mzake pawindo.
Zinthu
Ktenanta amachokera kuzitentha, makamaka chisamaliro ndi kulima zimapangitsa kuti nyengo yozizira ndi yozizira isinthe. Kusamalira ctenant panyumba kumaphatikizapo kuyendetsa kutentha, kutentha kwa mpweya ndi nthaka, mlingo wa kuyatsa.
Mtundu wambiri wa ktenanta umatengedwa ngati ktenanta wa Oppenheim.
Kutentha
Kukula kwachibadwa ndi mawonekedwe okongola, ktenant imafuna mpweya wabwino, nthawi ya chilimwe - osachepera +20 ° C (nthawi yochepa usiku), m'nyengo yozizira - osachepera + 12 ° C. Kulephera kutsatira malamulowa kungayambitse matenda a zomera.
Musasiye mfumukazi pakhomo, ngati ma drafts angawononge maluwa. Kudumpha pazigawo za kutentha ndikulandiridwa ndi kukula kwa chomera. Pofuna kuchepetsa kufa kwake, ndikofunika kupereka kutentha kwapamwamba.
Simuyenera kusunthira mfumukazi pamalo ndi malo, zikhoza kuvulaza kukongola kwake.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Mu chipinda chomwe ctenant chimakula, chinyezi chiyenera kusungidwa pa msinkhu wosachepera 55%, ndi bwino - 70%.
Ndikofunikira! Panthawi ya Kutentha Kwambiri, chinyezi chikhoza kugwera 25%, chomwe chidzawononge chomeracho. Chizindikiro choyamba cha chinyezi chokwanira chikupotoza masamba pa duwa.Masamba ayenera kupopedwa ndi apadera sprayer kuti asunge chinyezi. Kuika malo okonzeratu mwapadera m'chipinda kungakhale ndi phindu.
Kuunikira
Pansi pa chilengedwe, ctenant imakula mumthunzi wa mitengo yotentha, yomwe imawombera dzuwa. Choncho, kuwala kowala kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti masamba asokonezeke.
Ngati mawindo a chipinda chomwe ctenant akuyimira, ayang'ane kum'mwera, ndi bwino kuyika duwa osati pazenera, koma pazenera kapena patebulo pafupi ndi zenera, kuti mazira obalalika a dzuwa awalitse chomeracho pang'ono, chifukwa kusowa kwa kuwala kudzachititsa kuti masamba asawonongeke ndi kukula kosauka. Koma mtundu wonse wa zomerazi umakhala muzipinda zomwe mawindo amawonekera kunja kwina. 
Ktenanta amalekerera kuunikira kwapangidwe, komwe kuli kofunika m'nyengo yozizira.
Ndikofunikira! Mdima ndi wamdima, mthunzi umakhala wolekerera.
Nthaka
Ktenanta amafuna nthaka yapadera, osati acidified, popanda laimu. Muzochitika za kunyumba floriculture, kusamalira ktenant kumaphatikizapo kugula gawo lapadera la maranth. Monga cholowa mmalo, mungagwiritse ntchito dothi la azaleas.
Mukhozanso kupanga chisakanizo chapadera chanu mwa kusakaniza magawo awiri a nthaka, masamba, 1 mchenga ndi kuwonjezera makala amodzi. Chinthu chofunikira ndikuonetsetsa kuti sizowonjezera thanzi, komanso nthaka yotayirira imene imatha kusunga chinyezi, kotero muyenera kuyang'ana zowonjezerazi, ndikuyikidwa mu chifuwa chanu. Ngati nthaka ili yovuta, mukhoza kugona mu mphika. 
Kuswana
Zimafalitsidwa ndi quander pamene kuziika pogawa chitsamba kapena cuttings.
Kugawa chitsamba
Chofunika kwambiri cha njirayi ndi kusamala kuti musamawononge rhizomes, panthawi yopuma, igawani maluwa akuluakulu omwe afika zaka zitatu mu zigawo zingapo ndikubzala m'miphika yambiri. Miphika yamaluwa ndi mbali zina za chomera ayenera kuthiriridwa ndi kuphimbidwa ndi thumba la polyethylene, popanda kumangiriza, mpaka quteni atayamba kupanga masamba atsopano (pambuyo pa mwezi umodzi).
Cuttings
Tsinde la ctenant ndi tsamba lokhala ndi mwendo umene umamangirizira ku phesi. Kufalitsa ndi cuttings kungathenso kuchitika mu kugwa. Pochita izi, dulani petiole atakulungidwa mu kapu yamadzi kwa milungu ingapo mizu isanayambe. Kuphatikizanso apo, mukhoza kuphimba galasi ndi thumba la pulasitiki. Pamene mizu ikuwoneka, phesi imayikidwa mu mphika.
Kubala zipatso za cuttings kumakuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera mu nthawi yochepa, mutaphunzira malamulo odulidwa a Calamondin, rose, Terry petunias, currants, spruce blue, streptocarpus, plumeria, Brugmancia, Dieffenbachia, laurel, clematis, chrysanthemums, thuja, mphesa, plums - mukhoza kukongoletsa munda ndipo nyumbayi ili ndi zomera zokongola komanso zothandiza.
Chisamaliro
Ndikofunika kusamalira maluwa ngati ctenant mwa kuthirira, feteleza ndi kuziika.
Kuthirira
Mvula yam'mlengalenga imapangitsa madzi kufunika kwambiri, koma salola kuti pangidwe la phulusa, pokhapokha mizu ingawonongeke. Pofuna kupewa zoterezi mukhoza kupanga miyala, moss kapena nsalu yowonjezera, yomwe ili pamtengowo ndi duwa.
Kuthirira kumachitika pansi pa masamba, kuteteza mapangidwe a madontho akulu a masamba pa masamba, chifukwa cha zomwe zingasinthe mtundu.
Madzi okwanira ndi kupopera mbewu ayenera kutsitsiratu ndi kutenthedwa kutentha. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amvula.
Nthawi yabwino yoyenera kuthirira mbewu ndi masiku 2-3, koma kuyanika kwa nthaka mu mphika kuyenera kuyendetsedwa.
Feteleza
Kusamalira nthaka kumapereka chilolezo chotsegula ndi kutulutsa feteleza. Manyowa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito osachepera 1 pa theka la mwezi, pogwiritsira ntchito feteleza zamadzimadzi omwe amafunidwa kuti azikongoletsera tsamba. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawiyi ikhoza kuwonjezeka. 
Musagonjetsere chomeracho, simungalole kuti calcium ndi nitrojeni ikhale yambiri mu gawo lapansi, iyo ikhoza kutsogolera imfa yake.
Kuwaza
Zimalimbikitsanso kubzala qutenta masika, makamaka ngati yakula kwambiri. Simukuyenera kusankha chophimba chachikulu pa chomera chapafupi, chikhoza kutsogolera kukula kwake.
Mphepete ndi bwino kutenga kuchokera ku dothi losakanizidwa ndi maenje pansi kuti muchotse chinyezi chowonjezera.
Musaiwale kupereka madzi mumphika pofuna kukhetsa madzi owonjezera. Pachifukwa ichi, mtedza kapena mazira, miyala yaying'ono yosalala, miyala, makungwa a pulasitiki, pulasitiki yonyowa, etc. zimayikidwa pansi pa mphika.
Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo pakugulira mbewu kwa mwezi umodzi, muyenera kupewa kufesa nthaka.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Ngati palibe chithandizo chosayenera, ktenant ikhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi matenda kapena kukhala ovutitsidwa ndi tizirombo. 
Matenda otsatirawa ndi ofala:
- Zowola mizu - matenda owopsa chifukwa cha kuthirira madzi. Mizu ya chomera imadetsedwa ndipo imayamba kuvunda. Vutoli likhoza kuthetsedwa ndi kudula matenda odwala ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa Bordeaux madzi, colloidal sulfure, cuproxate. Nthawi zina yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kapena mkuwa sulphate limathandiza.
- Mame - mafuta omwe ali ndi matenda ali ndi ufa ndi ufa. Kuchiza kumaphatikizapo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi benomyl, teofanate-methyl, kawirikawiri ndi sopo ndi soda.
- Nkhumba zakuda (zakuda) - pamene chomera chikuwoneka chikuphimbidwa ndi sosi. N'zotheka kuthetsa bowa ngatiwo ndi kusambitsa malo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi sopo ndi kuchiza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Kutupa - matendawa amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa ziphuphu zofiira pamoto. Kuchokera ku matendawa kungathandize fungicides kapena Bordeaux osakaniza.
- Malo a leaf - madontho onyowa ndi malire omveka omwe amachokera ku kuwala kwa dzuwa kapena kupopera mankhwala.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timayambitsa ktenante ndi awa:- Kangaude mite - cobwebs masamba ndi mapesi. Kutembenuza pepala, mudzawona dontho la bulauni. Mowa, womwe umayenera kupukuta malo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, udzakuthandizani kuwuwononga.
- Scutellum - tizilombo tonse timene timatulutsa bulauni, chomwe chiyenera kuchotsedwa ndi kuchizira ndi turpentine, lube kapena mafuta. Chomeracho chiyenera kutsukidwa.
- Whitefly ndi gulugufe loyera kwambiri lomwe limadya zomera. Mukhoza kuwachotsa ndi fumigator, zomatira tepi, anyezi kapena adyo madzi.
- Mealybug - tizilombo tooneka ngati mazira odzaza ndi patina yoyera. Mukhoza kuchotsa ndi kupukuta ndi sopo kapena mowa mankhwala, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera.
- Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, tikukhala kumbuyo kwa masamba. Mukhoza kumenyana nawo ngati mealybird.
Zosatheka zovuta
Mungakumane ndi mavuto ngati mukukula ctenant:
- Masambawo amauma ndikuwongolera. Mwinamwake mpweya mu chipindacho ndi wouma kwambiri, ndi kofunika kuti tipezere maluwa.
- Mawanga pa masamba. Chifukwa chake ndikutulukira kwa dzuwa kapena madzi. Chotsani duwa pazenera kapena kuphimba galasi ndi chophimba. Mukatsanulira madzi pa qutennant, pewani madzi pa masamba.
- Vuto lala - zimachitika chifukwa cha zojambula. Musati muike chomera pawindo.
- Khola la maluwa kukula chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kuwala. Yesani kusunthira mfumukazi ku chipinda china, chipinda chowala kwambiri.
