Zoumba zouma mphesa, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri kummawa ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean. Dzina limachokera ku liwu lachi Turkic "Üzüm", limene limamasulira kuti "mphesa". Ngakhale kuti zoumba ndi mphesa zimakhala zofanana, zimakhala ndi zosiyana ndi zofunikira. Chifukwa chake, timaganizira zochitika za mankhwalawa.
Kalori, Vitamini ndi Mchere
Khaki zoumba ndi zofanana ndi 264 kcal pa 100 magalamu. Kuti muthe kugwiritsa ntchito mwamsanga, ganizirani kalori wokhutira mu makapu ndi magalasi. Mu 1 tsp. - 13.2 kcal; mu 1 tbsp. l - 39.6 kcal; mu galasi 1 - 396 kcal. 1 tbsp. l mphesa zouma zili ndi 0,44 g ya mapuloteni, 0.09 g mafuta, 9.9 g wa chakudya.
Pali mavitamini ambiri mu zipatso zouma:
- B1 (thiamine) - 0.03 mg mu 1 tbsp. L., ndi 2.0% ya mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku;
- B2 (riboflavin) - 0,012 mg mu 1 tbsp. l (0,7%);
- PP (nicotinic acid) - 0.14 mg mu 1 tbsp. l (0.9%).
Mphesa zouma ndizolemera mchere. Ili ndi: 28 mg ya calcium, 30 mg ya magnesiamu, 825 mg ya potaziyamu, 2.59 mg ya chitsulo, 0.18 mg ya zinc, 12.0 mg ya silicon, 8.9 mg wa sodium, 15.0 mg wa sulfure, 101.0 mg phosphorus, 9.0 mg ya chlorine, 514.4 μg ya aluminium, 625.0 μg ya boroni, 25.0 μg ya vanadium, 0.80 μg ya ayodini, 8.0 μg ya cobalt, 6.7 μg ya lithiamu, 300.0 μg ya manganese, 270.0 μg zamkuwa, 14.0 μg molybdenum, 3.0 μg arsenic, 1,60 μg nickel, 8.5 μg tin, 176.0 μg rubidium, 0,4 μg selenium, 723.0 μg strontium, 0, 15 μg ya thallium, 233.9 μg ya fluorine, 6.6 μg ya chromium, 0.9 μg ya zirconium.
Mukudziwa? Powerenga malemba akale a ku Aigupto, adapezeka kuti mphesa zoyamba zouma zinayambira mu 2000 BC. er Ku Ulaya, unafalikira ndi amalonda a Foinike m'zaka za m'ma 1000 BC. er
Zosiyanasiyana za zoumba
- "Sabza" ("kishmish") - Zoumba ndi zochepa zowala zoyera kapena zobiriwira mphesa popanda mbewu, shuga wapamwamba. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza mkate ndi confectionery.
- "Korinka" ("shigani") - mtundu wothandiza kwambiri wa mphesa zouma. Zimaphatikizidwa ku maswiti owotcha, popeza zipatso zake ndizochepa, popanda miyala. Pali maroon-buluu kapena mtundu wa bluu-wakuda.
- "Husayne" ("Germiana") - lalikulu zouma mphesa za mtundu wa amber, uli ndi miyala. Ndi mitundu yambiri yodyera ndi mafuta obiriwira. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu bizinesi yophika.
- "Malayar" - Zoumba zoumba zakuda za Irani ndi zipatso zofanana;
- "Sultana" - mphesa beskostochkovy, kuwala kofiirira. Kukula ku Iran;
- Golden - shuga, pitted, golide mtundu.
Phunzirani momwe mungapangire zoumba kunyumba.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mphesa malingana ndi teknoloji ya kuyanika:
- "Sabza" - atayikidwa zoumba zouma, zouma pambuyo pa mankhwala ndi alkali;
- "Sabza Golden" - imathandizidwa ndi yankho la alkali, ndiyeno fumigation ndi sulfuric anhydride;
- "Ogona" - Zipatso zopanda zipatso, zouma dzuwa popanda zochitidwa zina;
- "Soyagi" - zouma mumthunzi popanda mankhwala apadera;
- "Golden Hermian" - amathandizidwa ndi yankho la alkali ndi fumigated sulfure dioxide.
Kodi ndi zoumba zothandiza bwanji?
Mphesa zouma kuyambira nthawi zakale zimadyedwa, makamaka pokonza yokonza. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira kubwezeretsa pambuyo pa ntchito yogwira ntchito.
Chojambulidwacho ndi antioxidant ndi stimulator ya chitetezo chokwanira, amachitira magazi m'magazi. Kwa matenda a mtima, mankhwalawa amadya chifukwa cha potaziyamu ndi magnesium.
Chipatso chouma bwino chimakhudza ntchito ya m'matumbo, amachitira kudzimbidwa, amawombera. Phosphorus mu mphesa zouma zimapangitsa ubongo kugwira ntchito. 
Ndikofunikira! Musadye zoumba zosasamba. Asanagwiritse ntchito, ayenera kutsukidwa ndi kuthiridwa ndi madzi otentha, popeza kuyanika kwa mphesa kungakhale kochitidwa mankhwala.
Kwa amayi, makamaka amayi apakati
Zoumba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya mimba. Kwa amayi omwe ali mu chikhalidwe ichi, matenda a mano, misomali ndi tsitsi zingawonongeke. Mphesa zouma zimathandiza pazovuta zoterozo.
Zokola zimathandiza amayi chifukwa amatha kulimbikitsa ndi kulimbikitsa thupi lisanafike mimba yokonzekera bwino kuposa mankhwala alionse. Pa tsiku limene mungadye 20-30 magalamu a mankhwala.
Ngati mayi woyembekezera ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu, muyenera kusiya kutsekemera, kapena agwiritse ntchito monga momwe adokotala amavomerezera.
Chifukwa cha folic ndi nicotinic acid yomwe ili mu mankhwala, chitukuko cha mwanayo m'mimba chimachepetsedwa. 
Potaziyamu ikhoza kulimbikitsa mtima ndikuletsa kuyambika kwa edema. Ndi chitsulo mungathe kuteteza mimba kuchokera ku magazi m'thupi.
Kuonjezera apo, izi zimathandizira kupanga mapangidwe a mafupa ndi mafupa a mwanayo, amachepetsa mwayi wa toxicosis ndi mseru. Ngati zawoneka kale, mphesa zochepa zouma zidzasintha zizindikiro zawo.
Kwa amuna
Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito 30-50 g zoumba zoumba, mukhoza kuthetseratu mavuto okhudzana ndi chiwerewere, kusokonezeka kwa erectile, kusowa mphamvu, kutayika msanga, kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni.
Pamene impotence amatenga infusions wa goji zipatso, portulaca, milkweed, rosemary, goldenrod, Avran mankhwala.Komanso, zigawo zikuluzikulu za zipatso zouma zimabwezeretsanso mlingo woyenera wa testosterone ndi estrogen, zimakhudzidwa ndi spermatogenesis. Choncho, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti amuna oposa 40 agwiritse ntchito mphesa zouma kangapo pa sabata.
Kwa ana
Zomera ndi zabwino kwa ana. Ndizokoma komanso zachilengedwe kusiyana ndi maswiti. M'nyengo yozizira, pamene matenda a catarrhal amapezeka, zipatso zouma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poonjezera chitetezo chokwanira. Zidzakhalanso zothandiza pakuchira. 
Mphesa zouma zimalimbitsa mafupa ndi mano. Katemerayu akuyamba kudyetsa ana patatha zaka ziwiri. Poyamba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito decoction ya chipatso. Dr. Komarovsky akulangiza izi zothetsera kudzimbidwa.
Decoction idzabweretsa bwino kwambiri, chifukwa ndi yosungirako nthawi yaitali, imataya makhalidwe ake abwino.
Zoumba zolemetsa: ubwino kapena kuvulaza
Chifukwa cha shuga wamba basi monga fructose ndi shuga, mphesa zouma silingathe kukhala mafuta. Zomera zowonjezera zimathandiza kusintha matumbo, omwe amachotsa poizoni mofulumira komanso mogwira mtima.
Pakati pa kulemera kwa zolemetsa kwambiri zoyenera zoumba zakuda (mphesa zamphesa), chifukwa ndizochepa kwambiri-kalori ndipo ziribe cholesterol.
Zipatso zachangu zouma zimakula mu thupi, zimakula mokwanira, mofulumira zimapereka kumverera kwachisomo. Mbali zing'onozing'ono za mphesa zouma (20-30 g) mwamsanga zimadzaza ndi kuchititsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kudya kwambiri. Komanso, zipatso zouma zili ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimapangitsa mafuta kukhala ochepa.
Mphesa zouma ndizochepa phindu kuposa maswiti ndi zina. Choncho, panthawi ya zakudya akhoza kuthetsa njala (5-7 zoumba). 
Kulowetsedwa kwa mphesa zouma zikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku oatmeal, zomwe zidzakupatsani kukoma ndi kupereka nthawi yayitali. Mphesa zouma zimalangizidwa kuti ziyike mu saladi, mchere, casserole, phala. Pankhaniyi, idzasintha shuga.
Ngati munthu akuyenera kupewa kupopera, nthawi yomwe mumamwa mowa wothira mafuta. Asanagone pakadyerera, kusowa kwa njala kumachitika. Kuti muchotse icho, imwani tiyi wa mphesa.
Pakudya, zakudya zimatha kukhala zosavuta, ndipo thupi silitha kupeza mlingo woyenera wa mavitamini ndi mchere. Kubwezeretsanso zakudya zimadya mphesa zouma.
Ndikofunikira! Komabe ndi kofunika kuti muyese muyeso mu chirichonse komanso kuti musamadye zakudya zamtengo zouma. Monga momwe ziliri, chakudyacho chidzakhala chopanda phindu.
Kodi mungadye kangati tsiku lililonse?
Munthu wathanzi wathanzi akhoza kudya 30 gm ya zoumba patsiku, kufalitsa gawo ili mu 2 ngakhale mlingo. Ngati mutatsatira lamulo ili, zipatso zouma zimakhudzidwa bwino ndikudzaza thupi ndi zinthu zothandiza. 
Contraindications ndi kuvulaza
Ngakhale zopindulitsa zoumba zoumba, pali milandu pamene sizothandiza kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Mphesa zouma zimatsutsana ndi odwala matenda a shuga (mtundu wa 1 ndi 2), kunenepa kwambiri, chapamimba chachilonda, matenda a gallstone, enterocolitis, zilonda za m'kamwa, kusayenerera kwa mtima, chifuwa chachikulu, ndi vuto la kugaya.
Ngati pali shuga wambiri m'mphesa, ndiye nthawi 8 zoumba zoumba. Choncho, ndibwino kuti musawachitire nkhanza. Komanso, simungadye mankhwalawa ngati mulibe mankhwala.
Momwe mungasankhire zoumba pamene mukugula
Mafakitale ndi zamakono zamakono angathe kuwonjezera moyo wa alumali wa mphesa zouma. Koma pambuyo powagwiritsa ntchito, zothandiza, katundu ndi chitetezo cha mankhwalawa zatayika.
Choncho, tikuwona malamulo omwe ayenera kutsatiridwa pogula katundu.
- Mphesa zoyera zimakhala mdima atatha kuyanika, choncho zipatso zouma zimasanduka bulauni. Mphesa zakuda, kuyanika, zimakhala zofiirira. Mukawona zipatso zouma za mtundu wa golidi, sulfites akuwonjezeredwa. Ndizo zotetezera zomwe zimasunga mtundu wa mankhwala oyambirira (mphesa).
- Mapamwamba, otetezeka, oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zoumba alibe gloss. Ngati zikuwoneka, zimangochitika chifukwa cha kuwonjezera kwa mafuta odzola. Sichikudya ndi kuchotsa mavitamini, kusowa kwa vitamini kumawonjezeka.
- Kukoma kwa zoumba zikhale zokoma, popanda kuwawa, osakhala acidic.
- Zoumba zobiriwira ndizovuta, zinyama, zosavuta.
- Ndi bwino kugula mphesa zouma pamapangidwe owonekera, chifukwa kudzera mmenemo mukhoza kuona momwe zipatso zouma zakhalira.
- Mphesa zouma zili ndi ponytail. Izi zimatsimikizira zapamwamba zapamwamba zouma mphesa, zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zinali zochepa.
Mukudziwa? Panthawi ya chisanu cha kumadzulo kwa Berlin mu 1948, njira yokhayo yoperekera chakudya inali mpweya. Gale Helvorsen woyendetsa ndege wa US anaganiza zopulumutsa zinthuzo ndipo anagwetsa maswiti asanafike ku Tempelhof. Zomwe zili mu phukusizo zinali chokoleti, kutafuna chingamu ndi zoumba. Mwa kufanana, ndege zonse zonyamula katundu zomwe zinkagulitsa chakudya chakumadzulo kwa Berlin zinayamba kutchedwa "mabomba a nkhosa".
Momwe mungasunge zoumba kunyumba
Kawirikawiri, zikhalidwe zapakhomo zimakulolani kusunga zoumba miyezi 5 mpaka 6. Poyambirira muyenera kukonzekera chipangizochi kwa nthawi yaitali yosungirako. Kuti muchite izi, m'pofunikira kuchotsa zinyansi zazing'ono kuchokera kwa izo ndikuyang'ana kupezeka kwa mphutsi, nkhanza kapena nkhuku za chakudya.
Kutentha kosungirako mphesa zouma, komanso zipatso zonse zouma, ziyenera kukhala +10 ° C. Panthawi yomweyi ndi kofunika kuteteza kuwonjezeka kwa chinyezi mu yosungirako zowuma.
Zaka zambiri komanso zamtengo wapatali chidacho chidzakhalabe mu galasi kapena zitsulo. Zikhozanso kusungidwa m'matumba a nsalu, zida za pulasitiki kapena matumba.
Pofuna kusunga mphesa zouma nthawi yayitali, m'pofunika kutseketsa malo osungirako zakudya nthawi ndi nthawi kuti tipewe tizirombo ndi nkhungu.
Mukasungira zipatso zouma mufiriji, sungani zitsulo zomwe mukuzisunga, chifukwa zingadwale chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mpweya. 
Kusunga zipatso zouma mufirizi, kuziyika izo muzopulasitiki. Ndiye izo zidzakhala zodya kwa chaka.
Chimene chingachitike
Mphesa zouma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ophika. Amaphatikizidwa ku mbale zonse zokoma ndi zamchere.
Kuchokera ku zokometsera Zakudya mungapange makeke a Khirisimasi ndi zoumba. Kuti muchite izi, mufunikira 1.5 UF. ufa, 0,5 tbsp. shuga, 60 g batala, 1 dzira, 2 tbsp. l lakumwa lalanje, 2 tsp. mandimu, 1 tbsp. zoumba.
Cold (koma osati ayisikilimu) batala amafunika kudulidwa muzing'ono zazing'ono, kuziika mu ufa, ndi kusakaniza ndi manja anu ku zinyenyeswazi. Onjezani shuga, onjetsani zoumba, zest, kutsanulira mowa wosakaniza ndi kumenya mazira, knead mtanda.
Kuchokera pamenepo kuti apange roller, amene m'mimba mwake ndi 3-4 cm, kudula mu zidutswa 20. Dulani chidutswa chilichonse ndi mitengo ya kanjedza kuti mukhale ndi makeke ozungulira.
Ikani msuzi wophika pa pepala lophika, lopaka mafuta. Pakati pa cookies ayenera kukhala kusiyana kwa masentimita asanu 5. Preheat uvuni ku 210 ° C.
Kuphika makeke ayenera kukhala kwa mphindi 20. Yophika ma coki amaikidwa ndi mafuta, owazidwa ndi shuga. Anthu okonda zosakanizidwa amatha kuphika nkhuku za ku East Africa.
Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutenga makilogalamu 3 a nkhuku (osakanizidwa ndi mafupa ndi zikopa), ma PC 3. Anyezi, mchere ndi tsabola mwanzeru zanu, chili (mu ufa) - 1 tsp, sinamoni imodzi, 1 tsp. piritsi, 0,5 tsp. cardamom, wosweka pa ginger wonyezimira (2 tbsp. l.), 1 tbsp. Masiku, 1 tbsp. zoumba, 0,5 tbsp. nkhuku msuzi, 1 tbsp. vinyo wouma.
Nkhuku za nkhuku ndi zokazinga kumbali zonse kuti mupeze golide. Pindani mukhale mawonekedwe.
Mchere ndi tsabola, 1 tsp, umaphatikizidwira ku atatu anyezi anyezi. chili (ufa), 1 tsp. sinamoni, 1 tsp. piritsi, hafu ya supuni ya tiyi ya cardamom, 2 tbsp. l ginger wonyezimira. Zonsezi zaikidwa pa nkhuku.
Kuwonjezera 1 UF. masiku odulidwa, 1 tbsp. zoumba, theka chikho cha nkhuku msuzi, 1 tbsp. vinyo wouma. Chakudya chophika pansi pa zojambulazo kwa ola limodzi kutentha kwa 175 ° C. Sitishi inkagwira ntchito ndi mpunga.
Ngati muli wothandizira zakudya za ku Italy, mungakonde chokoleti ndi biscotti ya mphesa. Mufunikira 200 g ufa, 100 g shuga, 2 tbsp. l ufa wophika, mazira 2 nkhuku, 100 g zoumba, 100 g ya chokoleti yakuda. 
Pofuna kukonzekera mtanda, m'pofunikira kupeta ufa, kusakaniza shuga ndi kuphika ufa. Chokoleti iyenera kuthyoledwa mzidutswa. Mazira omwe amamenyedwa amathiridwa mu ufa, zouma mphesa ndi chokoleti chodulidwa amawonjezeredwa, mtanda umawombedwa.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mtanda, muyenera kupanga mkate, womwe umakhala utali wa masentimita 25. Ikani mkatewo pamphika wophika wothira mafuta, ndi kuphika kwa mphindi 20 kutentha kwa 180 ° C. Kukonzekera mchere n'kosavuta kufufuza kuoneka kwa golide.
Maphikidwe achipatala
Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zoumba pochiza matenda ambiri. Zidzathandiza kuchiza matenda a kupuma: chimfine, chifuwa, bronchitis, tracheitis.
Mphungu, msuzi wakuda, lungfish, nthanga yam'madzi, verbena officinalis, nasturtium, mabulosi, mabala wamba, nyerere ingakuthandizeni kuchotsa chifuwa.Kuti muchite izi, zilowerereni 30 g zoumba mphindi 40 m'madzi ozizira. Kenaka sungani madzi, idyani gawo lonse musanayambe kugona, mukatsuke mkaka wofunda.
Njira ina imati mukufunikira kutenga makilogalamu 100 a zipatso zouma ndikutsanulira ndi kapu ya madzi otentha. Lembani madziwa kwa mphindi 10, yesani madzi pogwiritsa ntchito gauze kapena sieve ndikuwonjezera 1 tbsp. l madzi a babu a anyezi.
Zakumwa motsutsana ndi chifuwa kumwa mowa 2-3 patsiku (0.5 tbsp) theka la ora musanadye). Imwani mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse kufikira mutachira. 
Mbalame imathandiza kuchiza matenda a chiwindi (kuchepa kwa bile, kupweteka kwa mtima, kupweteka). Kuti muchite izi, tengani 0,5 st. Zipatso zouma zopanda pake, zitsukani, kutsanulira pamphepete mwa madzi ofunda (yophika).
Muzilimbikira tsiku lonse. M'maŵa pamimba yopanda kanthu, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osakaniza ndikudya zoumba. Pambuyo pake, wodwala ayenera kugona pa bedi kwa maola awiri, kugwiritsa ntchito penti yotentha kutentha kumbali yakumanja.
Njirayi yapangidwa mwezi umodzi pamlungu. Izi zidzayeretsa ma ducts.
Mphesa zouma zimathandiza komanso kusiya. Kuti muchite izi, mphesa imadulidwa pakati ndikupukuta mawanga pa thupi. Chidacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka toxicolor yatha.
Pali mankhwala ochiritsidwa a matenda a mtima. Kuti mupange, muyenera kutsuka, kutsuka ndi kuuma 2 kg zoumba popanda miyala.
Kenaka mugawike pakati. 1 makilogalamu kutenga 40 zoumba m'mawa musadye chakudya (30 minutes). Kilogalamu yotsalayo iyenera kudyedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, tsiku lililonse kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zoumba ndi chidutswa chimodzi. Chiwembuchi chingachiritsidwe kawiri pachaka. 
Mphesa zouma zimachiritsa thupi ku matenda a m'mimba. Kuti muchite izi, mukhoza kupanga madzi, omwe ali ndi oats ndi zoumba.
Zimatenga 0.5 tbsp. zoumba zoumba, 1.5 tbsp. oatmeal, madzi. Oats ndi zoumba zitsanulira 1.5 malita a madzi, kubweretsani kwa chithupsa, kuchotsa kutentha, kuphimba ndi chivindikiro ndikuumiriza msuzi kwa maola 3-4 kutentha.
Kenaka zonsezi zimasankhidwa, kuwonjezera uchi, mandimu kapena madzi a kiranberi kuti alawe. Imwani kutentha tsiku lonse pa 0,5 st. theka la ola musanadye, kwa masiku khumi.
Zoumba, monga vitamini ndi polymineral mankhwala, zimathandiza kwambiri m'maganizo a mtima, m'matumbo, m'kamwa, m'kamwa, pamapeto pake.
Zimakhala zozizira zambiri, monga compotes, decoctions, zimadzimadzimadzi zimakonzedwa kuchokera, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala, kuphika. Zingadye zonse kwa ana ndi akulu. Koma musadye kwambiri, chifukwa ndi mkulu wa kalori. 
