Njira ndi zipangizo zogwirira njuchi

Ngati mukufuna kuonjezera chiwerengero cha mabanja kumalo anu a njuchi, Njuchi zimasokoneza - njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo. Mukufunikira kokha nkhuni ndi plywood, mafelemu anai kapena asanu kuchokera mumng'oma ndi nthawi yochepa.

Kodi ndi chiyani?

Kuweta Njuchi kumayambira ndi njuchi. Aliyense wokonda masewera mu bizinesi yake amafuna kuti njuchi zikhale zathanzi, zokhuthala ndi kubweretsa uchi wambiri. Mmalo mwake, pamsika timapeza njuchi zamalonda za "kutulutsidwa kwa misala" zomwe zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi chilengedwe. Chiberekero chopatsa mphamvu chimapatsidwa madzi a shuga, ndipo pamene mwana amakula, amadzaza ndi shuga ndi mankhwala okonzekera. Ndiye kwa banja ili iwo amawonjezera njuchi-yatsopano, yodzikongoletsera njuchi, amaika chirichonse mu bokosi ndikugulitsa kwa iwe. Kwa ndalama zambiri, mwa njira.

Mawu a Wopanda Wosaiŵalika Winnie ndi Pooh "ndi njuchi zolakwika zomwe zimapangitsa uchi wolakwika," zimalongosola momveka bwino.

Zambiri zothandiza zimapangidwa mumng'oma, pakati pake ndi: mungu, sera, phula, zabrus, perga, njoka za njuchi komanso mafuta odzola.

Njira ina ndiyo kugwira nsomba zomwe zimayambira kale. "Sankhani chitsanzo cha ming'oma yoyenera m'dera lanu, ndikuziika ndi njuchi zam'deralo ndipo zotsatira zake zidzalankhula okha," mlimi wotchuka wa ku France dzina lake Georges de Lavens analemba mu 1892 m'buku lotchedwa Full Course of Apiculture.

Kuti mupeze mtundu wamtunduwu, sikufunikanso kugula. Kusodza nkhumba m'nkhalango ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera njuchi.

Mukudziwa? Njuchi zowonongeka sizimaluma chifukwa zimanyamula uchi mumng'oma.

Malamulo oyambirira

Mtsuko wabwino wa njuchi uyenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe awa:

1. Mawu okwanira. Voliyumu yochokera pa 40 mpaka 60 malita ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi okonda anthu omwe akusankha nyumba yamtsogolo ya banja. Sungani zowonjezera njuchi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati misampha, ndizochepa, zopitirira 20 malita, koma ngati mutagwirizanitsa zowonjezera ziwiri, mukhoza kupeza mphamvu yabwino.
2. Letse. Lembali liyenera kukhala ndi masentimita 10-12 masentimita, kutsanzira khomo la mtengo wokhala ndi njuchi zam'tchire. Njira yophweka ndiyo kupanga malo otalika masentimita 1.5 ndi 8 masentimita yaitali - mbalame sizidutsamo.
3. Kuwala 5-6 makilogalamu - osakhalanso! Msampha uyenera kukhala woterewu kuti ukhoza kuchitidwa m'dzanja limodzi, kukwera mtengo kapena kuima pang'onopang'ono.
4. Kuthazikika ndi mphamvu. Pamene msampha umatumikira, ndipamenenso "umatha". Mitundu yambiri yomwe mumagwira, ma pheromoni ambiri amakhala mu bokosi, kukopa mabanja atsopano.
5. Madzi ogonjetsedwa. Osati dontho la mvula liyenera kulowa mkati. Njuchi sizidzasankha malo osungirako zamoyo.
6. Zosavuta kumanga. Zopangidwe ziyenera kumveka kwa munthu wamba yemwe amadziwa zolemba misomali ndipo ali ndi zida zingapo zamagetsi.
7. Kuphweka kwa kusamutsira dzombe ku mng'oma wamuyaya. Choncho, muyezo wazitsulo uyenera kukhala wotsekedwa.
8. Msampha uyenera kukonda scout. Musanabweretse njoka ku malo osankhidwa, mfutiyi imayeza kukula kwa nyumba yamtsogolo, ikukwawa pamakoma ake ndikuuluka mkati. Msampha, wodzaza ndi mafelemu, udzawoneka ngati waung'ono kwambiri, choncho kuposa theka la mkati mwake ayenera kusiya.

Mfundo zofunika:

1. "Bait". Ngati msampha uli watsopano, amafunika kuchitidwa ndi phula. Kutenthetsa chidutswa cha propolis m'manja mwako ndipo, pamene icho chikhala chofewa ndi chosakanizika, chikanikeni pamkati mwa makoma apakati. Ndalama za Pheromone kuti njuchi zizigwira ntchito bwino - mukhoza kuzigula pa malo apadera.
2. Mdima wakuda. Kununkhira kwa sera ndi uchi wakale kumakopa bwato. Ngati muli ndi chimango ndi maselo akale, omwe ali ndi mdima, khalani osachepera chimodzimodzi mumsampha. Ngakhale mafelemu omwe inu mumataya kunja adzachita. Koma onetsetsani kuti mafelemu achokera ku banja labwino, ndipo amawafafaniza maola 48 kuti aphe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngakhale sera ya sera saigwedeza ming'oma ndi nsomba yatsopano yomwe mwangotenga - mwinamwake chifukwa misampha imayikidwa kumapeto.
3. Zida Mapulani kapena matabwa olimba amapanga misampha. Ming'oma yomwe njuchi zimakhala mumalengedwe ali ndi makoma osagwirizana, kotero sikofunika kuchita bwino mkati mwake. Ngati mudayenda pamakoma, mungafune kuti mumamatire.

Ndikofunikira! Onetsetsani kuti muwone msampha kamodzi pa sabata. Mwamsanga mbalameyo imagwidwa ndipo imathamangitsidwa kumng'oma wambiri, wathanzi komanso wopindulitsa kwambiri njuchiyo idzakhala.

Mmene mungapangire msampha

Kuti mumange msampha muyenera:

• 8 mm plywood kapena bolodi-khumi, bwino osati kukonzedwa;
• nkhuni gulu;
• zojambula kapena misomali;
• chingwe chachitsulo ndi selo wamentimita;
• kudula mapiritsi;
• zithunzi misomali kapena zoperekera ndi washers;
• zida zingapo, zabwino kuposa zakale, kuchokera mumng'oma womwe ulipo;
• pepala.

Momwe mungamangire:

1. Dulani chivundikiro, mbali ndi pansi pa miyeso yanu yosankhidwa. Mwachitsanzo, pansi ndi chivundikiro ndi 50 × 25 masentimita, makoma akumbuyo ndi kumbuyo ali 50 × 27.5 masentimita, ndipo makoma ali 27.5 × 22.5 cm.
2. Gawani mapepala olowa pamodzi ndi nkhuni gululi ndikugwirizanitsa pamodzi, kenako yikani ndi zikopa.
3. Pangani mapiritsi a mafelemu kuchokera kumapiringidzo owonda ndi kumangiriza kapena kuwagwiritsira kumbali ya makoma 2-2.5 masentimita kuchokera pamwamba pa bokosi ndi zokopa. Pazimenezi zidzakhala zogwirizana ndi zochitikazo.
4. Kuti muwapachike pamtengo, onetsetsani thabwa la 7 × 60 cm pakati pa khoma lakumbuyo ndi kudula dzenje pafupifupi masentimita atatu mmwamba mwake. Choncho, msampha wodzala ndi njuchi zidzakhala zosavuta kuchotsa pamtengo.
5. Jig anawona chotsitsa - anayala 1.5 × 8 masentimita pansi ndi pakati pa khoma lam'tsogolo. Ndi chithandizo cha misomali kapena zojambula zapansi ndi ma washers pamwamba pa chitseko, konzani galasi yachitsulo. Izi zidzalola njuchi kulowa mkati, koma sizingalole mbalame ndi makoswe kuti zibwere mumsampha.
6. Chivindikirochi chimapangidwa kuti chizungulire - m'modzi mwa ngodya, kuikani ndi piritsi ndi washer yomwe idzagwira ntchito monga axis.
7. Lembani mankhwala omaliza.

Mudzakhala ndi chidwi chophunzira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito pa malo anu, ming'oma monga: Alpine, nucleus, multicase, komanso mng'oma wa Dadan

Malamulo ogwiritsidwa ntchito

Mitengo yambiri ya njuchi imakhala ikuyambira kumapeto kwa kasupe ndipo imapita pakati pa chilimwe (pakatikati pa May 25 mpaka Julayi 10), ngakhale kuti ziphuphu zimatha kutuluka pang'ono. Choncho Misampha iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa May.

Mukudziwa? Kuti mudziwe nthawi yochulukirapo, mukhoza kuganizira za Kalina - kuyamba kwake kwa maluwa kumagwirizana ndi kuthawa kwa njuchi.

Palinso nsonga ina yaing'ono yomwe imakhala yaikulu mu September, koma nyongolotsi zoterozo ndizochepa, mpaka 1.5 kilograms. Iwo akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku mabanja omwe alipo kale, koma ndi bwino kuwasiya iwo atagwidwa ndi kuwonjezera mafelemu. Pamaso pa chisanu choyamba, amatha kusungira uchi wawo, komanso m'nyengo yozizira, banja lomwe lili ndi nkhokwe zimasamutsidwa mumng'oma wamba.

Kumene angapezeke

Msampha womangidwa bwino ndi mbali chabe ya nkhaniyi. Funso lina lofunika kwambiri ndi momwe mungagwirire ntchito yokonza njuchi kuti mupeze nsomba za njuchi.

Kupambana kumadalira komwe malo owetera njuchi amapezeka, ndi bwino zisa za njuchi zakutchire, komanso komwe, mumalingaliro anu, ndibwino kuika misampha kwa iwo.

Mwa kuyika misampha, mukhoza kuganizira malangizo a odziwa bwino ulimi wa njuchi:

1. Kutalika kokwanira. 4-6 mamita kuchokera pansi. Njuchi zimatha kusankha malo a mng'oma ndi pansipa, koma nthawi zambiri amayang'ana malo osatheka kwa othawa komanso kutali ndi nthaka yonyowa.
2. Kuwoneka Ngati simukuwona msampha kuchokera mamita 30, zidzakhalanso zovuta kuti njuchi zipeze.
3. Mthunzi Mbalame sizidzatsogolera dzombe pamalo otentha pansi pa dzuwa.
4. Mtundu wowala. Chifukwa chapamwambayi - chitetezo pa kuyamwa, mtundu wa makoma ukhale wowala - woyera, wofiirira, ndi zina zotero.
5. Mitengo yooneka. Koposa zonse - kuyima pampando wa nkhalango, pafupi ndi msewu, pamtunda wokhazikika m'nkhalango kapena wosiyana ndi kukula kwake.
6. Pafupi ndi mabanja ochulukirapo. Pafupi ndi njuchi kapena malo omwe njuchi zakutchire zimakhala zimakhala zosavuta kugwira nsomba. Koma simuyenera kuika misampha pafupi kwambiri - samagwira ntchito kumalo owetera njuchi kapena pafupi ndi iyo, ndipo ali kale mamita 30-50 kutalika kwake, iwo amadzipereka mofunitsitsa.
7. Malo omwe njuchi amadziwa. Anthu omwe amafufuza malo omwe malowa angakhalemo ndi antchito omwewo omwe anasonkhanitsa timadzi tokoma ndi mungu. Chifukwa chake, iwo amayamba kuyang'ana malo ozoloŵera. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndibwino kwambiri kuyika misampha pamalo omwe nthawi zambiri muli njuchi zambiri - minda ndi malo omwe uchi wabwino umatuluka. Malo omwe ali ndi zakudya zazing'ono - mwachitsanzo, msipu ndi nkhalango zotchedwa coniferous nkhalango - samafuna kukopeka.
8. Chitsime cha madzi Madzi ndi chimodzi mwa zofunika kwambiri za banja. Misampha 100 peresenti yomwe imakhala mkati mwake ili pamtunda wamtunda wa mamita mazana awiri kuchokera ku mtsinje kapena dziwe.
9. Mafotokozedwe. Muzitsamba zina zimasonyeza kuti khomo liyenera kutembenukira kumwera, koma mwakuya palibe alimi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kampasi. Malangizo a cholembera alibe pafupifupi kutanthauza, chifukwa njuchi zina zomwe tatchulazi ndi zofunika kwambiri.
10. Mitengo ya Lucky. Mtengowo ndi malo omwe munagwira dzombe zidzakopeka njuchi mtsogolo - kenako nyengo yofanana, ndi zaka zotsatirazi. Kotero, ndibwino kuti muike msampha wopanda kanthu mmalo mwa zomwe mwachotsa.

Mukudziwa? Kuchuluka kwa pafupifupi njuchi njuchi kumafikira makilogalamu asanu ndi atatu.

Kuchotsa misampha

Nthaŵi ndi nthawi, kamodzi pa sabata, fufuzani misampha yomwe yaikidwa. Mukawona nambala yambiri ya tizilombo ikuuluka ndi kunja, mutha kuyamika. Bwererani dzuwa lisanalowe, pamene njuchi zonse zikubwerera kuchokera kuminda, ndipo mutenge nyama yanu.

Koma musanachotse msampha, ikani khutu ku khoma lanu ndi kuligwiritsira mopepuka. Buzz wamkulu imatsimikizira kuti pali mphuno mkati. Ngati bokosilo liribe kanthu kapena mumamva tizilombo tochepa chabe, izi zikutanthauza kuti njuchi zomwe mwaziwona masana ndizozizira, ndipo dzombe lidzafika mawa kapena tsiku lotsatira. Bwererani mtsogolo.

Choncho, ngati muwona kuti njuchi zikuyenda mozungulira pakhomo - sizikutanthauza kuti pali dzombe mkati. Omwe amawombera, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa, nthawi zina mazana, atapeza malo abwino, amawunika ndikuwubweretsanso mkuntho - masiku 2-5. Nthaŵi zina gululo siliwoneka.

Phunzirani za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njuchi yamtengo wapatali monga honey: buckwheat, laimu, phacelia, rapseed, msuzi, mthethe, mthethe, coriander, woyera.

Kuyendera msampha mutatha mdima ndi njira yotsimikizika kwambiri yotsimikiziranso kuti dzombe lakhala likukhazikika mmenemo. Nazi zizindikiro zina za izi:

• Mukawona ming'oma yambiri ya njuchi yomwe ikuphimba makoma a bokosi ndi thunthu la mtengo - dzombe lafika kale ndipo lidzalowa mkati mwa ola limodzi;
• ojambulawo amasuntha mofulumira komanso mofulumira, amathawira mofulumira ndi kuchoka kunja kwa pakhomo, kuzungulira, ndipo atangobwera kumene tizilombo sangathe kupeza pakhomo;
• ngati njuchi zimanyamula mungu - chimango mkati. Amakoti samatulutsa mungu. Bwerani pambuyo pa sabata. Ngati njuchi zikadali zambiri - zinayamba kukhazikika.

Madzulo, madzulo kapena dzuwa likalowa, kwerani mtengo kapena kukwera masitepe ndipo mugwiritsire ntchito tizilombo kuti titseke zipatazo ndi matope abwino kwambiri. Chotsani kapena kumasula bokosilo ndikutsika pansi. Ngati kutalika kuli kochepa - ingogwirani m'manja mwanu, ngati mtengo uli wokwera kapena malo osasangalatsa - ndi chingwe.

Pofuna kudziwonetsera nokha, gwiritsani ntchito chifuwa chachikulu ndi chofiira chofiira. Njuchi siziwona kuwala kofiira ndipo osadandaula, ndipo mumagwira mwakachetechete.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati nkhwangwa idafika mvula yamkuntho, muyenera kuikapo mafelemu angapo ndi uchi kuti njuchi zisamafe ndi njala.

Zikakhala kuti malo owetera njuchi ali pafupi kwambiri ndi makilomita 5 kuchokera pamalo omwe chiwombankhanga chinagwidwa, choyamba muyenera kutenga msampha makilomita asanu ndi awiri kumbali ina ndikuzisiya kwa sabata. Apo ayi, njuchi sizingabwerere kumng'oma, koma kumalo omwe adagwidwa.

Ngati nkhwangwa ikhala ndi inu nthawi yaitali kuti anawo awonekere, pali mwayi wapang'ono wakuti njuchi zidzasonkhana. Kuti mumange banja latsopano kumalo owetera njuchi, mukhoza kuwalowa m'malo ndi mafelemu angapo ndi ana omwe amachotsedwa mumng'oma wina.

Ndizo zonse zomwe mukufunikira kudziwa za momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito njuchi ndikupita nazo ku njuchi. Zovuta poyang'ana poyamba, ntchitoyo ndi yophweka. Yesani ndikudziwonera nokha.