Kaloti ndi imodzi mwa mizu yoyamba yomwe munthu wachikulire amadziwa bwino. Zaka 1,000 zatha kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, ndipo kaloti zilipobe patebulo lathu. Chifukwa cha ntchito ya obereketsa, karoti yamakono imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kwake ndi mtundu wake kuchokera kwa pragenitress zakutchire kuti zikhale bwino. Anthu oyamikira nthawi zonse amapanga zipilala zamitengo kumayiko osiyanasiyana: Canada, New Zealand, Turkey, United States of America, ndi Philippines. Pa mitundu yonse ya ambulera, ogula kwambiri omwe amafunidwa ndi yellow karoti.
Uchidule
Kaloti amabwera mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana: lalanje, wachikasu, wofiirira, woyera, komanso ngakhale ndi pinki thupi. Kujambula zithunzi kumadalira zomwe zili m'maselo a zomera monga anthocyanin kapena carotene. Ngati carotene ikupezeka, mtundu wa mizu umakhala wa chikasu mpaka lalanje kapena wofiira. Zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthocyanin zikhale ndi mizu mu pinki, burgundy kapena zofiirira.
Mosasamala mtundu wa karoti, m'pofunika kubzala bwino, kuonetsetsa kuti akusamalira - kuthirira, kudyetsa, chitetezo ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
Kaloti wofiira ndi lalanje amachokera ku Mediterranean, mizu yonyezimira ndi yoyera imachokera ku Asia. Mizu ya karoti yakutchire imapezekabe m'mapiri ndi m'madera a Russia, mayiko a ku Ulaya, kumpoto kwa Africa ndi Asia.
Mukudziwa? Mtundu wa karoti sunali wachikasu nthawi zonse, wofiira kapena lalanje. Mwachitsanzo, Aroma akale ankangodziwa zitsamba zoyera, pamene Aigupto ankadya chofiirira. Mtundu wa kaloti yomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chifukwa cha carotene yapamwamba. Asayansi a ku Netherlands anabweretsa karoti yalanje motengera nthawi yaitali komanso yosankhidwa, yomwe inatchulidwa pambuyo pa mafumu achifumu a Orange. Mtundu wa lalanje ndi mtundu wolimba wa banja lachifumu.
Kufotokozera mitundu
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo m'mayiko ambiri amafufuza kafukufuku kuti apange mitundu yatsopano, mitundu ndi mitundu ya kaloti. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera zomwe zimapangidwa makamaka ngati chakudya cha zinyama. Zomera zowonjezera zimafuna kuchuluka kwa starch ndi shuga, kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo zapadera ndi zokolola zambiri.
Mitundu ya kaloti, yomwe amadya ndi anthu, ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi: juiciness, kukoma, mtundu wopatsa ana, mtundu woyenera, kupatsa nthawi (kumayambiriro, pakati, mochedwa) ndi momwe mizu imasungidwira. Mitundu ina yabwino ndi ya zaka zoposa 100, ndipo adakali wotchuka monga zaka zoyambirira za ulimi wawo. Pano pali kufotokoza kwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ndi yotchuka kwambiri.
"Mirzoi 304"
Mitunduyi inafalitsidwa mu 1946 ku abusa a Soviet Republic of Uzbekistan ndipo ili ndi mtundu wa chikasu chosiyanasiyana. Chiyanjano:
- Akufesa mwamsanga, kuyambira kufesa mbewu mpaka masiku 97-115;
- zokolola kum'mwera kwa 6.5 makilogalamu pa 1 lalikulu. M, kumpoto kwa latitudes, zokolola zafupika ndi theka;
- masamba a chomera ndiwo mdima wobiriwira, masamba a rosette a sing'anga;
- petioles okha ndi ofooka, pamene kuchotsa mizu ku nthaka yowuma nthawi zambiri kumaphwanya;
- Mizu ya chikasu kapena yachikasu, nthawi zina mbali yapamwamba ya muzu ikhoza kutembenuka;
- Mirzoi 304 mawonekedwe aakulu-okhala ndi nsonga zomveka bwino;
- mizu ya m'mimba mwake mpaka 3 cm, kutalika 12-15 cm;
- mizu yolemera miyeso ndi 65-130 g.
Phunzirani za zovuta za kukula kwa kaloti monga "Samson", "Nantes" ndi "Shantane 2461".
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapangidwanso mwatsopano, monga "kusunga khalidwe" mu kusungira mizu masamba ndi otsika, makamaka kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popenga, kupanga timadziti ndi chakudya. Maroti a mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Mirzoi 304" akulimbikitsidwa kulima m'madera a Central Asia.
Mukudziwa? Amayi a amphaka osakanizidwa ndi ubweya wa malalanje kapena makutu ofiira owala ndi mchira wa mchira tsiku ndi tsiku amapatsa ziweto zawo zofiira, zowonongeka bwino pamtunda wa 5-10 g. Izi zimachitidwa kuti zisayese mtundu wa ubweya.
"Yellowstone"
Karoti "Yellowstone" ikuchokera ku United States of America.
Chiyanjano:
- nthawi yamasika, mpaka masiku okwanira 160-180;
- Masamba a chomeracho ndi aakulu, obiriwira, osonkhanitsidwa muchithunzi chachikulu;
- mizu yoboola pakati, yayitali komanso yoonda;
- kutalika 20-24 masentimita, mamita 3-3.5 cm;
- pafupifupi mizu kulemera 180-200 g;
- zokolola ndi zapamwamba kwambiri;
- Mtundu wa mizu ndi wowala wachikasu, pafupifupi phokoso;
- yosungidwa mosungika pamene akugona m'nyengo yosungirako yozizira;
- Mizu ya mbeu ndi yokoma, koma osati yowutsa mudyo wokwanira, yomwe imakhala ya mitundu yonse yamapeto.
"Dzuwa"
Mitundu yambiri ya kaloti inabweranso ku dziko lathu kuchokera ku America. Dzina limamasuliridwa kuti "Yellow Sun".
Werengani komanso zokhudzana ndi zopindulitsa za chervil, osungunuka, Yerusalemu atitchoku, safironi, ginger, mandimu, milkweed, rosemary, skumpiii, amondi.
Chiyanjano:
- Poyambirira kwambiri, kuchokera kufesa kubzala mizu imatenga masiku 87-90;
- mzere wa masamba a pubescence, masamba ofooka;
- Muzu kutalika 15-20 masentimita, m'mimba mwake 3.5-4 masentimita;
- mawonekedwe - utali wautali, wopanda bulges, womwewo m'litali lonse;
- Mtundu wa mizu ndi wowala kwambiri, wachikasu, wokhala ndi xanthophyll ndi lutein;
- thupi ndi yowutsa mudyo, yowopsya komanso yokoma kwambiri;
- zasungidwa "Yellow Sun" molakwika.
Kupanga ndi kalori
Kafukufuku asayansi asonyeza kuti khalidwe ndi kutalika kwa moyo waumunthu zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi ntchito yoyenera ya tsamba la m'mimba. Ngati tsamba la m'mimba limagwira pang'onopang'ono komanso mwachidule, poizoni amapangidwa ndikusungidwa m'thupi, komwe kumachita poizoni pang'onopang'ono kwa anthu.
Njira yothetsera vuto ili ndi madzi omwe amapatsa zipatso ndi masamba. Ndipo izi zingathandizenso munthu kudya kaloti, ali ndi madzi ochuluka.
Ndikofunikira! Mbewu za mbumbulu zili ndi mafuta olemera ndi daukarin. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amakhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa zakudya ndi mavitamini ofunika kwambiri amapezeka m'matumba a mizu, ndipo ayenera kudyedwa pamodzi ndi khungu (kutsukidwa bwino ndi burashi ndi madzi).
Kaloti zonyezimira zili ndi mchere wambiri ndi mavitamini:
- magnesiamu ndi potaziyamu;
- fluorine ndi calcium;
- phosphorus ndi zinki;
- chitsulo, ayodini ndi sodium;
- Mavitamini B;
- mavitamini A, C, E, H ndi PP, K.
Kaloti ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri, mtengo wake wamtengo wapatali ndi 330 kcal pa 1 makilogalamu. Atatha kudya kaloti m'thupi, carotene imayambira retinol. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zoterezi zimapezeka pokhapokha ngati pali mafuta ochepa thupi limodzi ndi carotene. Choncho, anthu monga stewed kaloti ndi kirimu wowawasa, batala kapena mafuta a masamba ndi opindulitsa kwambiri kwa anthu.
Mukudziwa? Zikuoneka kuti nthano yodziwika bwino yokhudzana ndi ubwino wa kaloti chifukwa cha kupenya ndizosavomerezeka. Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse, gulu la British Air Force linayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogonjetsa nkhondo, ndipo kubisala izi, nkhanza zinayambitsa nkhani kwa anthu ambiri omwe amayendetsa ndege ku Britain amadya kwambiri kaloti ndipo motero amawombera bwino. Mfundo zabodza zafalikira kwambiri pakati pa anthu ndipo zidatha zaka zoposa 70 m'maganizo a anthu.
Zothandiza
Mizu ya umbrella ili ndi lutein, yomwe imathandiza kwambiri kuwona masomphenya ndipo imatetezera retina kuchokera ku mazira a ultraviolet, komanso xanthophyll - chinthu chopambana kwambiri chomwe chimachepetsa chitukuko cha matenda opatsirana. Kaloti ndi mbali ya mankhwala "Urolesan", madzi ake ndi zamkati - ichi ndi chida chachikulu chochiritsira kuchipatala cha bile ducts ndi urolithiasis.
Mbeu za mbumbulu zili mbali ya anti-apasmodics, monga mankhwala "Daukarin", omwe amatulutsa mafuta ofunikira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu pharmacology ndi makampani odzola.
Karoti mbewu ndi zamkati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mowerengeka mankhwala:
- Monga laxative wofatsa: m'mawa, theka la ola musanadye, imwani madzi atsopano a karoti. Kwa mwana, 50 ml ndi okwanira, mlingo wamkulu ndi 100 ml wa madzi.
- Kuyeretsa zotupa za thukuta, chiwindi, ndulu: kusakaniza kumapangidwa ndi madzi a beet, karoti ndi nkhaka (mofanana). Gwiritsani ntchito madzi osakaniza 1 nthawi patsiku (pamaso pa kadzutsa). Mutatha kumwa madzi osakaniza, musadye nyama ndi zakudya zokoma, zopangidwa ndi starch, mpaka nthawi ya masana. Njira ya mankhwala ndi masiku khumi.
- Chithandizo cha beriberi ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (pamaso pakumwa), musanadye chakudya cham'mawa, musadye m'mimba, idyani kaloti wothira (100-150 g), wothira limodzi kapena awiri supuni ya kirimu wowawasa kapena masamba.
- Kuchiza kwa mabala a purulent ndi kuwotcha: kaloti zonyezimira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudera lomwe lakhudzidwa. Gawo lililonse la ola limodzi limasinthidwa mwatsopano. Chithandizocho chimangothandiza ndi kutentha kumene kungolandiridwa.
- Chithandizo cha pakhosi: Finyani madzi kuchokera ku sing'anga 1 kakulidwe karoti ndikusakaniza supuni imodzi ya uchi. The chifukwa osakaniza ayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi ofunda madzi otentha mu ofanana mbali ndi gargle 4-6 pa tsiku.
- Kuthamangitsidwa kwa mphutsi kuchokera mu thupi la mwana: m'mawa pa chopanda kanthu m'mimba kumwa mowa kapu ya madzi a karoti.
- Kuchiza kwa thrush: Msuzi watsopano umasakanizidwa ndi uchi mofanana ndikusambitsa pakamwa panu kapena kupukuta mlengalenga.
Ntchito Yophika
Kaloti zamtundu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga supu, borscht, masamba, nsomba ndi zakudya za nyama, komanso kuphika mikate ndi mapeyala okoma. Mitengo yatsopano imadulidwa pa coarse ndi chabwino grater, imatulutsa madzi ndi kudula mu mphete.
Wiritsani, mphodza, konzekerani mbatata yosakaniza ndi masukisi. Ma karoti opangidwa ndi finely yophika mu mafuta a masamba amawonjezeredwa ku maphunziro oyambirira ndi achiwiri, omwe amawapatsa osati kukoma kokha ndi fungo, komanso maonekedwe okongola a golide.
Ndikofunikira! Kaloti samataya carotene ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha, choncho chakudya chomwe chilipo si chokoma, komanso n'chothandiza.
Muzu wa masamba grated pa coarse grater umadyidwa ndi mafuta mu mphika wofiira kwa mphindi 20-25, ndiye shuga amawonjezeredwa kulawa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kukodza kwabwino kwa pies.
Kudulidwa ndi mphete kapena kaloti zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera nyengo yozizira (kukonzekera) kukonzekera pickles, kusunga tomato kapena saladi kuchokera ku masamba osakaniza.
Kuvulaza ndi kutsutsana
Palibe zotsutsana zambiri kudya kaloti za chikasu. Monga Avicenna wamkulu adanena, "pali mankhwala mu supuni, poizoni mu chikho," kuyeza kumafunika pa chirichonse. Ngati munthu amadya makilogalamu 10 pa sabata, izi zimapangitsa kuti thupi lizidwalitse kwambiri ndi beta-carotene komanso kuti khungu lake limasanduka chikasu (carotenemia).
Palibe choopsa mmenemo, kupatula kuwonetsera kwa kunja - khungu lachikasu cha nkhope ndi kanjedza za chikasu. Kuchotsa zotsatira za kudya, muyenera kuchotsa kaloti kwathunthu kwa masabata 2-3. Palibe chifukwa choti anthu azitsatira zakudya za karoti.
Ntchito yake iyenera kukhala yochepa kwa anthu:
- wosuta tsiku lililonse;
- zilonda ndi matenda a shuga;
- kukhala ndi mavuto a chithokomiro;
- kuvutika ndi chifuwa.
Ndikofunikira! Popeza kuti mbewu zowonjezera zimakula pa mafakitale pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mineral feteleza, zowonjezera komanso kukula kwa mavitamini, pangakhale phindu lalikulu la nitrates. Pofuna kupewa kulemera kwa nitrate m'thupi, muyenera kugula kaloti yomwe imakula pa feteleza zachilengedwe, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Tikadziwa zonse zodziwika bwino, timatsimikizira kuti mapindu omwe munthu angapeze kuphatikizapo kaloti m'kudya kwake, nthawi zambiri amatha kupweteka kwambiri. Kaloti za khungu sizidzangopereka thupi ndi zinthu zopindulitsa, mchere ndi mavitamini, komanso zimapangitsanso kukoma kwa mbale zomwe zikuphatikizidwa mndandanda wa tsiku ndi tsiku.
