Nthaŵi ina, maluwa odabwitsawa adayambitsidwa kwa ife kuchokera ku madera otentha ndi madera a ku America, omwe amadziwika bwino kwa aliyense yemwe anali mwana wa sukulu, chifukwa amakula mwakusukulu iliyonse. Cosmeyu akhoza kukula pafupi ndi nyumba, makamaka popeza sivuta.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Cosmea (aster a ku Mexican, kukongola, chilengedwe, Cosmos) ndi mankhwala ochokera ku banja la Astrov (Compositae), yomwe ili m'gulu la annuals ndi osatha. Kutanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki, dzina limeneli limatanthauza "zokongoletsera", mwinamwake chifukwa maluwa osadzichepetsa awa akhoza kukongoletsa munda uliwonse wa maluwa nawo. Maonekedwe ake, kosmey amafanana ndi chitsamba mpaka mamita 1.5 mamita, omwe ali ndi maluwa okhala ndi masentimita 10, omwe amawoneka ngati daisy. Maluwa amajambulidwa mu zoyera, pinki, chikasu, zofiira, mithunzi ya burgundy, pakati - yachikasu. Nkhumba zikhoza kukhala mu mzere umodzi kapena angapo. Amayambira woonda, nthambi, molunjika. Masamba ndi ang'onoang'ono, ofanana ndi singano, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, koma musadabwe. Cosmea imamasula kuchokera June mpaka September, zipatso ndi mbewu.
Mitundu yodzikongoletsera yowonongeka:
- Kosmeya dvuhpiperistaya, momwe zimakhala zogawidwa ndi mitsempha iwiri pa nthenga.
- Kosmeya ndi sulfure-chikasu, ndi mabala a chikasu chowala kapena a lalanje, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa ku inflorescences ndi mamita 6 masentimita.
- Kosmeya ndi wofiira wamagazi (wakuda), ali ndi zida za mdima wofiira ndi chokoleti. Very thermophilic maluwa.
- Cosmera terry, momwe zimakhala zosonkhanitsa mumzere wambiri, zimawoneka ngati aster.
Mukudziwa? Kuchokera pa maluwa a chomerachi ndi zokongola kwambiri maluwa omwe amaima m'madzi kwa milungu iwiri.
Mu ma florist, maonekedwe a cosmea ndi ofunikira, komanso amakana matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Chomerachi chimalekerera midzi ndi maluwa ena ndi zomera.
Tsiku lofika
Zomwe zimafalitsidwa ndi cosme zikhoza kufesedwa mwachindunji pansi kapena mmera njira. M'pofunika kudziwa kuti maluwa omwe anabzala kupyolera mbande, amasamba kale.
Kufesa kutseguka
Kuyambira kumapeto kwa April kufika kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi mbeu zochokera kumalo otseguka, ndiko kuti muyenera kudzala pamene usiku watentha. Kutentha kwa mpweya pa tsiku la kubzala mbewu sikuyenera kuchepetsedwa kuposa +18 ° C ndi kupitirira kuposa 25 ° C. Mphukira zoyamba zikhoza kuwoneka patatha sabata mutatha kufesa. Kumalo otseguka akhoza kubzalidwa m'dzinja, pafupi ndi nyengo yozizira. M'dzinja, kosmey imaberekanso mwa kufesa.
Onetsetsani zosankha zabwino kwambiri za chipinda chogona, chipinda cha ana ndi ofesi.
Njira ya mmera
Kupyolera mu mbande, monga lamulo, osadulidwa ndi osatha mbewu zomera zimabzalidwa. Chakumapeto kwa March, mbeu za mbeu ziyenera kubzalidwa m'makina okonzedwa bwino. Pakati penipeni masiku 10 mutabzala mphukira yoyamba kuoneka. Mbeu zokonzeka zimabzalidwa poyera kumapeto kwa May - kumayambiriro kwa June.
Kulima cosmea mwa mbeu yoonekera
Kudzala cosme, ingosankha malo, konzani dothi ndi mbeu ndikusamala pang'ono.
Kusankhidwa kwa malo
Cosmea ndi bwino kubzala pafupi ndi mitengo ya zipatso kuti akoke ntchentche zomwe zimawombera m'munda.
Ndikofunikira! Cosmea - chomera chojambula chithunzi, choncho chiyenera kubzalidwa pamalo abwino, kupeŵa malo amphepo.
Ikhozanso kubzalidwa ngati khoma. Ngati mukufuna motley ma bedi, chomeracho ndi chofunika kwambiri, monga maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana amapatsa duwa bedi kuwala ndi chiwonongeko. Mothandizidwa ndi maluwa amenewa, mutha kuyandikira kumbali ya mavuto omwe ali m'mphepete mwa malo omwe simunadzaza zomera zina. Nthawi zina chomera chimabzalidwa m'minda kuti chiyendetseko maso a golide, omwe amawononga aphid, mealybug, thrips. Mitengo yochepa ya zomera (mwachitsanzo, sulfure-chikasu) ikhoza kubzalidwa pabwalo. Ndiponso, duwa imawoneka bwino pamene likupanga malire. Kumbukirani kuti chomerachi ndi chamtali, choncho ndibwino kuti mubzala mmbuyo mwa zomera zina.
Kukonzekera kwadothi ndi Mbewu
Musanadzale duwa, m'pofunika kukhetsa ndi kumasula pansi bwino. Mukhoza kuwaza mbeuzo pansi, kenako nkuziwaza pansi, koma musayese kuti mukhale pansi kwambiri, apo ayi mbewuyo idzaphuka nthawi yaitali.
Ndikofunikira! Nthaka imene mbewuyo imabzalidwa, sichiyenera kufesa mosafunika, ingayambitse kukula kwa zimayambira ndi masamba ndi maluwa angapo.
Mutha kukumba mabowo pansi musanadzale mtunda wa masentimita 35 kuchokera mzake. Mu dzenje lililonse mulibe mbeu zinayi zokha. Maenje sayenera kukhala ozama - mpaka masentimita 1.5.
Chisamaliro chapamwamba
Ngati chomera cha cosme chimachitidwa pamalo otseguka, chisamaliro chake chimaphatikizapo kutsirira, kudyetsa, kupatulira ndi kupalira, kuchotsa tizirombo. Maluwa sasowa kuthirira mobwerezabwereza, koma kuthirira kulikonse kungakhale kokwanira - pafupifupi malita atatu a madzi kwa aliyense. Kuthirira bwino kuli madzulo, kutentha kutatha, kuonetsetsa kuti madzi amagwera masamba ndi inflorescences. Zomera zofesedwa ziyenera kukhala zochepa kuti zikhale ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa ndipo, motero, maluwa aakulu m'tsogolo. Ayeneranso kudulira mphukira zouma ndi maluwa owongolera. Iyenera kudulidwa ndi kumtunda kwa chomera, kenako mbaliyo idzayamba kukula.
Dzidziwitso ndi zovuta za kukula kwa maluwa monga Surfinia, Begonia, Pelargonium, Calibrachoa, Marigolds, Dahlia, Verbena, Hortensia, Zinnia, Lobelia, Chrysanthemum, Geranium, Peony, Lily ndi Tulip.Patapita sabata kuchokera tsiku lopatulira, cosmey imafunika kudyetsedwa ndikupitiriza kudya kufikira inflorescence ikuwoneka kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse. Tiyenera kumeta udzu wa namsongole, wamkulu amamenyana namsongole. Ngati munabzala chomera chosatha, chifukwa mphukira yozizira imayenera kudulidwa mpaka 15 cm mu msinkhu ndi kuphimba ndi nthambi za coniferous. Chomeracho chikhoza kufotokozedwa ku nsabwe za m'masamba, ndiye chiyenera kuperekedwa ndi njira yapadera, komanso misomali, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ndi dzanja kapena mankhwala. Kuchokera ku matenda, maluwa amawonekera ku fusarium pamene masamba ayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndikuuluka mozungulira. Chithandizo cha matendawa chikuchitika mothandizidwa ndi fungicides.
Kukula kwa cosme kupyolera mu mbande
Kukula chomera kupyolera mu mbande, m'pofunikira kudutsa mu magawo atatu: kukonzekera mbewu ndi nthaka, chomera ndi kusamalira bwino mbeu, kuziika pamalo otseguka.
Mbewu ndi Kukonzekera kwa gawo
Kale mu August, mbeu zamasamba zikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa mlungu uliwonse. Pofuna kupeza mbewu, maluwa akuluakulu amasankhidwa ndipo masambawo amamangiriridwa ndi gauze, ndiye kuti mbeu sizidzagwa pansi. Momwe mbewuzo zimakhalira, zimasonyeza mtundu wawo - zimakhala zakuda. Nthanga za mankhwala osungunuka sizimasokonekera kwa zaka ziwiri. Koma muyenera kudziwa kuti panthawi yamaluwa maluwa ndi mungu wochokera ndi ena, motero sungapangidwe mtundu umene unabzalidwa kale. Udzu wa mbande uyenera kumasulidwa bwino, pang'ono feteleza ndi mvula.
Mukudziwa? Galamu imodzi ya mbewu zonyezimira ili ndi zidutswa pafupifupi 200.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chomeracho chikhoza kuchulukitsa bwino pakudzilima, kufalitsa mbewu zakupsa, kotero mu nyengo yotsatira mukhoza kupeza kukongola kwa motley.
Kufesa ndi kusamalira mbande
Kubzala mbewu, mbeu zitatu za zomera zimabzalidwa miphika yaing'ono. Mbande ayenera kuthiriridwa pang'ono, osasamba ndi dziko lapansi, ndi kuphimba ndi zojambulazo, ndi kuziyika chipinda chofunda (osati pansi pa +18 ° C) ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Imwani nyemba zimasowa zosaposa 1 pa sabata, koma zambiri. Pambuyo kumera, mbande idzayamba kupereka masamba, ndiye mbewuyo idzapangidwe mu chidebe chachikulu kuti mizu ikhale yabwino. Ngati mukufuna kuti chitsamba chikule kumbali, pamwamba pa tsinde chikhoza kudulidwa mutatha masamba.
Kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka
Pa nthaka yotseguka, mbande ziyenera kubzalidwa zitatha kufika masentimita 6-10 mu msinkhu. Musagwiritse ntchito mbande pakhomo kwa nthawi yayitali, sizingasunthire kuyika. Pofuna kubzala mbande, m'pofunika kukumba mabowo pafupifupi masentimita makumi atatu ndi atatu tsiku lililonse musanadzalemo. Ndikofunika kuyala mmera madzulo. Musanadzalemo maenje mokwanira madzi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera zomwe ndi zazitali, ndi bwino kumangiriza, ndiye zowonjezera zimatheka kutsutsana ndi mphepo. Kosmeya ndi chomera chodzichepetsa chimene chimatha kukula ngakhale wamaluwa osadziwa zambiri. Idzakondweretsa iwe ndi zokongola zokongola mu chilimwe, ndipo ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa autumn.
