Jamu ndi imodzi mwa zomera zomwe mumazikonda kwambiri wamaluwa. Kutchuka kwa chitsamba choterocho ndi chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwake kwa nyengo, kukoma kokoma ndi minofu ya chipatso, mtengo wochepa wosamalira. M'nkhani ino tiyang'ana pa jamu ili, lomwe limatchedwa "Grushenka": kufotokoza za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kulima magetsi ndi zizindikiro za chisamaliro.
Makhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe za anthu osiyanasiyana
Zodabwitsa za mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi ndizocheperapo - "Grushenka" inalengedwa ndi obereketsa ku Research Institute mu zaka za m'ma 80 zapitazo. Chofunika kwambiri kuti zikhale zosiyana siyana chinali chikhumbo cha asayansi kuti atulutse zosiyanasiyana zomwe zikanakhala zosasunthika chisanu, zokhala ndi zipatso zokoma, komanso kuti alibe minga yomwe imakhala ndi gooseberries. 
Patatha zaka zingapo ndikugwira ntchito mwakhama (pa nthawi yomwe mitundu ya Kolobok ndi Eaglet inalengedwa ndi yopanda chitukuko chosakanikirana), Grushenka inabzalidwa ndi kusakaniza mitundu khumi ndi iwiri ya mitundu ikuluikulu.
Mukudziwa? Mitunduyi imakhala ndi dzina lake chifukwa chakuti zipatso za jamu zimakhala zofanana ndi peyala.
Zosiyanasiyanazi zili ndi zizindikiro ndi makhalidwe awa:
- nyengo yakucha - mochedwa mochedwa (imatuluka kumapeto kwa July - theka loyamba la August). Nthawi yomweyo zipatso zimapangidwira kumayambiriro, poyamba zimakhala ndi mtundu wa pinki, ndipo nthawi yakucha zimafika mtundu wofiira;
- chisanu kukana - mwamtheradi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi ndi yodabwitsa chifukwa imakhala yosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu - imatha kulimbana ndi nyengo ndi nyengo zonse mpaka kutentha kwakukulu (kupatula matalala amphamvu). Kuwonjezera apo, chitsamba chimatha kusamutsa powdery mildew ndi matenda odwala tizilombo;
- chitsamba - kutalika kwapakati, kufalikira ofooka. Amadziwika ndi masamba ochulukirapo, opanda minga pamthambi ndi mazira awo kumtunda. Mphukira yatsopano ili ndi nthambi yabwino ya sing'anga makulidwe;
- pachimake - mitundu iwiri ndi tricolor inflorescences. Ndimaluwa oyambirira;
- zipatso - zipatso zimakhala zazikulu (pafupifupi kulemera kwa zipatso imodzi - 4.5 g), zakuya zofiirira-burgundy tone. Kulawa ndi kosavuta, kolembedwa bwino, zipatso ndi yowutsa mudyo komanso minofu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mabala a zipatso zoterowa ndi pectin ndi anthocyanin. Zipatso yaitali kwa nthawi yokwanira - mpaka zaka 20;
- zokolola - pafupifupi. Chitsamba chimodzi chimapanga pafupifupi 7 makilogalamu a zipatso.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Otsatsa malonda ndi osamalira wamaluwa amatsindika mfundo zotsatirazi:
- chisanu kukana ndi chitetezo ku kutentha;
- chosavuta chomera chomera;
- zokolola zazikulu ndi fruiting gooseberries;
- zabwino transportability wa mitengo;
- kukana matenda aakulu;
- kukolola chitonthozo chifukwa cha kusowa kwa minga;
- Mitengo yambiri yamtunduwu, yomwe siimatha kapena imauluka panthawi yopita.
Zowopsya za jamu zosiyanasiyanazi ziribe ayi. Wamasamba ena amatchula zinthu zoipa:
- mowonjezereka wochuluka wa zipatso pa nthambi. Chifukwa chakuti zipatso zimapezeka mwamphamvu ndipo aliyense ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu, nthambi zimagwa pansi, ndipo pamene chitsamba chimakhala chonyowa, nthambi zimatha;
- osati kwambiri kukoma kwa chipatso mu mawonekedwe ake (ndi zokolola zochuluka, zipatso zimakhala zowawa, osati zowawa-zotsekemera);
- kufunika kokathamanga zipatso posamba (akufulumira kusuntha).
Kuchokera mndandandawu zikuonekeratu kuti jamu "Grushenka" liri ndi ubwino wambiri kusiyana ndi ubwino. Tsopano ndi nthawi yoganizira mfundo za kukula ndi kusamalira zitsamba.Zimene muyenera kuyang'ana posankha mbande
Kuti jamu kukukondwereni kwa zaka zambiri ndi zipatso zake zokoma, m'pofunika, choyamba, kuti muzisankha mbande zabwino. Posankha mbande, chinthu choyamba muyenera kumvetsera ndi mkhalidwe wa mizu ndi khola lazu (malo pamwamba pa chiyambi cha mizu). Mizu yaying'ono iyenera kukhala yochuluka komanso yobiriwira, yopanda kuwonongeka komanso makamaka kupota (izi zikusonyeza kuzizira kwa mizu).
Onaninso zitsamba zina za zipatso: algae algae, goji, mphesa, raspberries, currants, sea buckthorn, sunberry ndi galu anawuka.
Fufuzani mosamala mzizi wa mizu - m'malo ano nthawi zambiri imabweretsa bowa. Komanso samalirani momwe wogulitsa amamera mbande - mizu sayenera kukhala dzuwa. Mizu ya mbande iyenera kuikidwa m'bokosi ndi nthaka, kapena ikhale yokutidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa. 
Mukawona kuti mmera uli padzuwa, ndipo mizu yayuma - ndiye, mwinamwake, chitsamba ichi chafa ndipo sichidzakula m'tsogolomu. Ngati nyembazo zakula kale (zaka ziwiri kapena kuposerapo), ndiye kuti ziyenera kutengedwera ndi kugulitsidwa ndi clod ya padziko pa mizu yake.
Pambuyo poyang'ana mizu, ziyenera kupita ku nthambi. Zimakhala zabwino ngati zili zochepa, ndi kufalikira bwino. Kumbukirani kuti chomera cha biennial chiyenera kukhala ndi mafupa angapo omwe amawombera mpaka masentimita 15 m'litali, ndipo chofunikira kwambiri, masamba a fibrous.
Ndikofunikira! Sikoyenera kusankha mapulogalamu a jamu chifukwa chodzala zaka 2 chifukwa chodzala - njira yabwino yopangira engraftment mu chiwembu chatsopano ndi chaka chomera.
Kubzala mbande zazing'ono pa webusaitiyi
Choncho, nyembayo yasankhidwa ndipo imatumizidwa bwino ku tsamba lanu. Tsopano ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa kubzala kokwanira.
Nthawi yabwino
Chitsambachi ndi choyenera kubzala m'dzinja ndi masika. Ngati mumabzala chomera kumapeto kwa nyengo, muyenera kuchita izi panthawi yochepa pakati pa nthaka ndi kuyamba kwa kutupa kwa jamu. Choncho, kuti musakhale pangozi ndi kulakwitsa ndi nthawi yobzala m'chaka, ndi bwino kuti tipeze gooseberries m'dzinja - izi zikutsimikiziridwa kuti muzitha kukolola bwino m'tsogolomu. 
Momwemo, kubzala mugwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito patangotha masabata 4 chisanu chisanayambe - panthawiyi nthaka idakali yotentha, ndipo mizu idzayamba mizu m'malo atsopano. Nthaŵi yabwino ya ichi ndi chiyambi cha mwezi wa October. Ngakhale kuti Grushenka ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chisanu, achinyamata amafunikabe nthawi yokwanira.
Tikukulangizani kuti mudzidziwe za sayansi yaulimi yolima mitundu yambiri ya jamu, monga: "Kolobok" ndi "Komandor".
Kusankhidwa kwa malo
Ndikofunika kuti nthawi yomweyo musankhe malo a gooseberries - chomeracho sichimakonda kupitirira. Kumbukirani kuti gooseberries ndi chomera cha dzuwa, choncho ganizirani izi posankha malo. M'pofunikanso kuchoka malo okwanira pakati pa gooseberries ndi zomera zina - chitsamba chimatha kukula kwambiri, ndipo mbande zomwe zimabzalidwa pafupi ndi izo zidzalumikizana ndikupanga zovuta kusamalira ndi kukolola.
Malo okonzekera
Mtengo wa jamu lapansi si wovuta kwambiri: ukhoza kukula bwino mu dongo ndi dothi la mchenga. Chinthu chokha chomwe sichiri choyenera kwa chomera ichi ndi chivomezi champhamvu cha dziko lapansi. Pofuna kukonza malo musanayambe jamu, muyenera kuyesetsa kukumba, kuchotsa udzu wonse. Ngati n'kotheka, feteleza iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudziko lochotsedwa ndi namsongole - manyowa, humus. Osauka nthaka, feteleza wambiri amafunika. Ngati feteleza ndizochepa, ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mozama ku maenje omwe chitsamba chidzabzalidwe. 
Ndondomeko ndi kukhazikitsa
Musanabzala mwachindunji, ndibwino kuti muzitsitsimutsa mizu ya mbande mu njira yokondweretsa - mwachitsanzo, potassium humate. Kenaka, dzenje limakumbidwa mumtunda wokonzedwa ndi umuna, mpaka masentimita makumi atatu (30 cm). Mbewu imayikidwa mmenemo pansi pa malo otsetsereka (malo otsetsereka amachepetsa kukula kwa chitsamba).
Mukudziwa? M'mabuku amtundu wa Rus, oyamba kulembedwa za mazira a m'zaka za zana la 11, m'mabuku a ku Ulaya - patapita nthawi.
Mphukira pamene mukufunikira kuwongoletsa modekha, kuti asaphonye pamwamba. Ndiye mukuyenera kuwaza mizu ndi nthaka, kudumpha nthaka (samalani kuti musawononge chitsamba). Kenaka muyenera kuthirira bwino pansi pa mizu ndi kuzungulira chitsamba. Ngati n'kotheka, sungani nthaka ndi utuchi kapena udzu wouma ndi masentimita 7 - izi zidzateteza dothi kuti lisayambe mwamsanga.
Kawirikawiri, mbande zitatha masika ndi kubzala zimadulidwa, zimakhala pafupifupi masentimita 35 mu msinkhu (chiwerengero cha kukula kwa masamba ayenera kukhala osachepera 4). Komabe, ngati sapling ali wamng'ono (osakwana chaka) kapena opanda mphamvu, kudula sikoyenera. Mukamabzala zitsamba zingapo, munthu ayenera kukhala mtunda wa mamita 1-2 pakati pawo. Apo ayi, pamene mukukula tchire tidzasakanikirana ndi kuthandizana. 
Kumbukiraninso kuti mbande zazing'ono zimasowa madzi okwanira masabata 4 mutabzala.
Ndikofunikira! Musanayambe kubzala pulasitiki, onetsetsani kuti muyang'ane mizu youma, masamba osweka. Ngati ndi kotheka, dulani malo owonongeka a chitsamba ndi pruner.
Zosamalidwa za nyengo za nyengo
Kuti jamu lizuke bwino ndikupanga zokolola zochuluka, ndikofunikira kumusamalira bwino.
Kusamalira dothi
Imodzi mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri pa chisamaliro cha zitsamba zimathirira - makamaka mwezi woyamba kapena ziwiri mutabzala. Achinyamata amafunika kuthirira sabata iliyonse - chidebe chosakwanira pa chitsamba chimodzi. Ngati ndi nyengo yotentha komanso yozizira, ndi bwino kuwonjezera madzi okwanira kawiri pa sabata. 
Chinthu chofunikira ndichinthu chosasunthika nthawi zonse (makamaka nyengo yotentha) - imapangidwa m'munsi mwa chitsamba, osasunthika mzere wozungulira pafupifupi masentimita 7 kuchokera mu mtengo waukulu. Ngati dothi liri lolimba, ndiye kuti kuzungulira kwazomwekuyenera kuwonjezeka. Pa dothi lofewa kapena dothi lamchenga, kumasula kumayenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti asawononge mizu.
Musaiwale kuyeretsa nthaka namsongole - amatenga zakudya ndi madzi ku jamu.
Nyengo iliyonse yachilimwe ndi wolima amadziwa namsongole, chifukwa aliyense ayenera kulimbana nawo. Tikukulangizani kuti mupeze chipangizo chomwe mungasankhe kuchotsa namsongole ndi mizu, komanso mtundu wa herbicides womwe ungathandize kuteteza zomera namsongole.
Kuchiza mankhwala
Njira zothandizira kupewa matenda a jamu ziyenera kuchitika m'dzinja, mutatha kukolola, kapena kumayambiriro kwa masika. Jamu ndi chomera chomwe sichipezeka poyera ku matenda - komabe, ngati chitsamba chikukula mumadambo, chiopsezo cha matenda ake chikuwonjezeka.
Bowa la Spore - mdani wamkulu wa jamu. Pofuna kuteteza chitsamba, gwiritsani ntchito kupopera fungicides - zinthu zapadera zomwe zimalepheretsa kupezeka kwa bowa. Ngati chitsambacho chikukhudzidwa kale ndi matendawa, ndiye mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pansi pa mizu ya zomera.
Kawirikawiri, mankhwala ndi fungicides sayenera kuchitidwa oposa 2 pachaka - ngati izi sizikutsatiridwa, mankhwalawa akhoza kuwonetsedwa mwachindunji pa zipatso za Grushenka. 
Kangaude ndi mtundu wina wa tizilombo ta jamu. Pofuna kupewa, chitsamba chimatulutsidwa ndi tincture wa chowawa (njira iyi si yoyenera pamene zipatso zikuwoneka).
Ŵerenganiponso za tizirombo ndi munda wamtundu monga: Colorado maluwa, bears, slugs, nyerere ndi wireworms.
Kudyetsa
Jamu limasowa mankhwala apadera a potashi ndi phosphate. Ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moposa 1 nthawi muzaka 2 - izi zidzathandiza kuti ntchito yokula ndi zokolola zambiri za mbeu zitheke. Zomwe zinapangitsa wamaluwa amalangiza mu kugwa kuti apange 1 square. M nthaka ya 50 g ya superphosphate ndi pafupifupi 150 g ya mtengo wa resin. Ngati dothi lili lowala, chovala chokwera chiyenera kuwonjezeka ndi 35% - mu feteleza monga nthaka idzatsuka mwamsanga. Nsembe yapadera ya phosphate imapangidwanso, yomwe imapangidwa ngati ufa - ndi wosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kunthaka. Zovala zonse ziyenera kulumikizidwa mu nthaka mozama pafupifupi masentimita 15.
Musaiwale za kukula kwa dothi lozungulira chitsamba - liyenera kukhala lopitirira nthawi zonse, kupanga manyowa ndi humus. 
M'chaka, kuti mukhale ndi zokolola zambiri za mbeu, ndi bwino kupanga pafupifupi 40 g wa saltpeter ku chitsamba chilichonse - izi ziyenera kuchitika pamene chisanu chasungunuka.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti zitsamba zazikulu mtsogolo sizidzasowa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse - zidzakwaniridwe mokwanira madzi okwanira 1 nthawi pa nyengo.
Yambani
Chithandizo cha jamu si chinthu chovomerezeka, koma chingakhale chofunika ngati shrub yochepa yochepa imapanga mbewu zambiri. Kuti mupange chithandizo choyenera, muyenera kuyendetsa nkhumba zitatu patali pafupifupi masentimita 10-25 kuyambira pachiyambi cha chitsamba. Lumikizani mapeto a mitengoyi ndi twine - payenera kukhala chiwonetsero cha katatu. Zitsamba zitsamba ziyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamala mkati, kutsamira pa twine. Ubwino wa chithandizo chimenechi ndi liwiro la kukhazikitsa. Kuchepetsa - kufunika kusintha nthawi zonse pamtunda ndi timine monga jamu limakula. 
Kwa zomera zazikulu, ma pulogalamu nthawi zambiri amafunikira - nthambi zowonjezereka, zomwe zimawerama pansi, zimatha kudwala matenda opatsirana ndi fungal.
Kudulira
Kuti adziwe bwino chitsamba, "Peyala" imadulidwa nthawi zonse. Izi sizili zovuta. Kudulira kumafunika kuti tipewe kukula kwa nthambi - ngati gooseberries ali aakulu kwambiri, dzuwa silidzasuntha masamba ndipo zipatso zidzapweteka. Kuwonjezera pa kudula nthambi zakale kapena matenda, nthawizina nkofunika kuchotsa thanzi labwino kuti likhale ndi chitsamba chokwanira.
Nthaŵi yoyenera kudulira mitengo imayesedwa kuti ili kumayambiriro kasupe - pamene nthawi ya nyengo yogwira ikutha. M'chaka chachiwiri mutabzala, chitsamba chiyenera kufupikitsidwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kapena kugwa, nthambi zonse zowongoka kapena zopotoka zimachotsedwa - zimachotsa zokhazokha zokhazokha. Ngati nthambi zowuma kapena zowonongeka zikuwonekera m'chilimwe, ziyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo chiwindi chitadutsa. 
Ngati jamu limapuma bwino, ndipo zipatso zimakhala zazing'ono, ndiye kuti zaka 5 zikukula, nthambi zakalamba zimadulidwa (pamodzi ndi nthambi zawo) - njirayi imakhala yathanzi, nthambi zazing'ono. Kudulira kotereku kumatengedwa ngati mankhwala ovuta kukalamba.
Kuyambira ali ndi zaka 8, kudulidwa kwa nthambi zakale kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse - mu kasupe kapena m'dzinja.
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira
Ngakhale Grushenka ndi chomera chopanda chisanu, pali njira zina zomwe zimayenera kukonzedwa kukonzekera shrub m'nyengo yozizira:
- Kuyeretsa Foliar ndi kukonza mitengo. Izi zikuphatikizapo jamu mankhwala ndi fungicides kapena Bordeaux madzi. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kuchotsa zinyalala ndi masamba osagwa pafupi ndi chitsamba - akhoza kukhala ndi tizirombo monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komanso, mukhoza kukumba nthaka pafupi ndi chitsamba.
- Kuthirira ndikudyetsa chitsamba. Zovala zapamwamba zimatha pambuyo kapena pakukumba nthaka. Kumbukirani - nthaka yowonongeka imakhala yotentha kwambiri, choncho gooseberries imayenera kukhala madzi ambiri ndikuyika mzere wambiri pamwamba pake, kupanga chinthu ngati pillow pansi pa chitsamba. Pofuna kuteteza, mukhoza kutulutsa dothi lopanda mphamvu potassium permanganate.
- Kudulira nthambi zodwala ndi mphukira yakale (yomwe ili ndi zaka zoposa zisanu).
Choncho, jamu "Grushenka" ndi chomera chenicheni chomwe sichita khama kwambiri pakabzala ndi kusamalira. Kuphatikizana ndi malamulo onse a kulima kwaulimi ndi njira zothandizira kudzakuthandizani kuti mutenge zokolola za gooseberries pa malo anu kwa zaka zambiri.
