"Wakhazikika" apulo zosiyanasiyana: makhalidwe, ubwino ndi kuipa

"Waikidwa" - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maapulo a chisanu, omwe amapezeka m'madera ambiri. M'nkhani ino tipereka ndondomeko ya maapulo awa ndi zithunzi, ndikuganiziranso ubwino ndi zovuta zawo.

Mbiri yobereka

"Wosankhidwa" - maapulo osiyanasiyana, omwe anabadwira ndi obereketsa Achimereka mu 1935 chifukwa cha kusakanizidwa kwa mitundu yocheperako yotchuka "Yonatani" ndi "Wagner". Zosiyanasiyanazi ndizodzichepetsa, choncho zimatchuka kwambiri, zimakula zogulitsa. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, zinakhala zofala ku Ukraine ndi ku Russia.

Mukudziwa? Minda yamaluwa imakhala pafupifupi mahekitala 5 miliyoni padziko lapansi.

Kulongosola kwa mtengo

Apple mtengo wa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimadziwika ndi kukula kwakukulu. Icho ndi cha mphamvu. Mtengo ukufika mamita asanu ndi limodzi, uli ndi volumetric, uli ndi thunthu lalikulu, nthambi zazikulu, zotukuka bwino zomwe zimachokera ku thunthu pang'onopang'ono. Korona ngati mawonekedwe a mpira, nthambi zomwe zili ndi masamba wandiweyani. Makungwa ndi nthambi zazikulu za mtundu wofiirira, nthambi zazing'ono, monga lamulo, la mthunzi wa imvi. Masambawo ndi obiriwira, okongoletsedwa, okongola, osowa.

Zinthu zoterezi zimakhala za mtengo wa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, ndipo kukula kwowonjezera kumawoneka m'mitengo yaing'ono ya apulo.

Amayamba kuphuka muzaka 3-5 za moyo m'masiku otsiriza a April - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. Maluwawo ndi aakulu, oboola msuzi, oyera, ndi mapiko a pinki omwe amawonekera bwino, ogwirizana mu corymbose inflorescences.

Onani mitundu yambiri yamapulo: "Lingonberry", "Gala", "Florina", "Mphatso kwa wamaluwa", "Anise", "Golden Delicious", "Solntsedar", "Jonagold", "Arkadik", "Wodabwitsa", " Jung ndi Starkrimson.

Kufotokozera Zipatso

Zipatso za apulo ndi zazikulu, wolemera pafupifupi 145-175 g. Pali mawonekedwe a kakombo, mtundu wobiriwira-wachikasu wobiriwira wofiira womwe umaphimba apulo pafupifupi kwathunthu. Khungu ndi losakhwima, koma m'malo mwake, lodzaza ndi chofunda chopanda sera. Chipatso cha zipatso zokoma ndi zonona zonunkhira, zowutsa mudyo, zokoma zonunkhira, zozizwitsa zokoma, zabwino.

Mankhwala a maapulo

Maapulo a kalori "Wotchedwa" ndi 47-50 kcal.

Mphamvu zamagetsi za zipatso

Chiŵerengero cha mphamvu cha mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya: 3% / 8% / 83%.

Zofunikira za Kuunikira

Kuwala ndiko chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimatsimikizira njira ya photosynthesis. Popeza korona wa mtengo imakula bwino, amafunikira kudulira nthawi yake kuti apereke mbali ndi kuwala. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kuwala kokwanira kumafikira pamwamba ndi mkati mwa korona kumwera ndi kumadzulo.

Zosowa za nthaka

Nthaka kumene maapulo omwe "amaikidwa" amakula ayenera kukhala ndi thanzi, ndi mavitamini abwino komanso aeration. Zabwino ndi malo omwe ali nawo chernozem ndi kuwala loam. Acidity (pH) - 6-7. Madzi apansi apansi sayenera kukhala oposa 2 mamita kuchokera pamwamba.

Ndikofunikira! Mtengo wa Apple sumalekerera malo omwe nthawi zonse amasefukira, choncho ayenera kubzalidwa m'malo okwezeka.

Kuwongolera

Mitengo ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana imeneyi imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri - 42-87%. Pankhani ya kuvota kwachilengedwe, kuchokera ku 1,7 mpaka 2.4% ya zipatso amapangidwa, pakupanga pollination - kuchokera 2.7 mpaka 7%, ndi oyendetsera mungu - kuyambira 12 mpaka 24%. Mitundu yowonongeka yotchedwa pollinator imatengedwa ngati mitundu: Wagner, Ruby Duc, Red Delicious, Gloucester, Florin.

Mitengo ya Apple ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi kudzipanda, choncho amalimi amalangiza kubzala pafupi ndi mitengo ya pollin.

Fruiting

Mtundu wa fruiting - zosakaniza Zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana muutali wonse wa nthambi, palibe kufotokozedwa kumadziwika. Pa nthawi yokolola, 2-3 maapulo amasungidwa palala. Pa nthawi yokolola, zipatso nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa.

Chokolola choyamba chiyembekezere zaka 5-6 mutabzala mtengo.

Nthawi yogonana

Kutsirizira kwa nthawi yakucha - masiku otsiriza a September. Poyambirira nyengoyi, chipatsocho sichirimbikitsidwa kusonkhanitsa, chifukwa izi zingawononge kukoma ndi khalidwe la maapulo.

Mukudziwa? Kuchokera m'ma 1600 mpaka m'ma 1800, anthu a ku Ulaya adakongoletsa mitengo ya Chaka Chatsopano ndi maapulo, posankha zipatso zowala.

Pereka

Mitengo ya mitengo iyi imakhala ndi zipatso zambiri ndipo nthawi zonse imabala zipatso. M'madera ena, zizindikiro zokolola zimakhala zofanana ndi 300-400 magulu / ha. Ali ndi zaka 6-7 mpaka 30 makilogalamu apulo amapatsidwa, ali ndi zaka 10-13 mpaka 90 kg.

Transportability ndi yosungirako

Maapulo omwe amaikidwa pamtunda amakhala otsika kwambiri, choncho amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafakitale. Mtengo wa zipatso zokhazikika - 88-92%.

Pansi pazifukwa zoyenera, maapulo akhoza kutha kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi popanda kutaya katundu wawo. Ngati malo osungira ali m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, zipatso zimatha kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ngati izi ndi firiji - mpaka nyengo yotsatira.

Matenda ndi Kutsutsana ndi Tizilombo

Malo abwino kwambiri a zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi kukana matenda ambiri ndi tizilombo toononga, makamaka malo ofiira. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti maapulowa ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi nkhanambo, motero ndi kofunikira kuti zitha kusokoneza nyengo yokula.

Zima hardiness

Kukula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maapulo "Oyang'anira" kumalimbikitsidwa m'madera omwe kutentha sikukugwa pansipa -20 ° C, chifukwa kuti mitengo imakhala yozizira kwambiri komanso imakhala yowonjezera. M'madera otentha digiri ya chisanu hardiness ndiyomweyi.

Ndikofunikira! Mitengo ya Apple si yovuta kulimbana ndi mphepo yozizira, choncho malo okhala ndi zojambula zopitirirabe sangagwire ntchito.

Zipatso ntchito

Ndibwino kuti mudye zipatso mwatsopano, zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zonse zamtengo wapatali. Iwo amadziwika ndi juiciness, kotero iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga juisi ndi compotes. Maapulo amapanga zipatso zouma bwino, kupanikizana, ndi kupanikizana. Amaphatikizidwanso ku saladi ndi zophika, zomwe zimapatsa mbale chilakolako choyambirira.

Mphamvu ndi zofooka

Zambirizi zimakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino, koma zina zolakwika zimatha kutsatidwa pambali pawo.

Zotsatira

1. Zokolola zazikulu.
2. Zimapirira kulema.
3. Kuyenda bwino kwambiri.
4. Kukula kwakukulu kwa kusintha kwa zachilengedwe.
5. Oyambirira fruiting.
6. Zipatso zimasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali.
7. Amakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri.
8. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito poswana mitundu yatsopano.

Wotsutsa

1. Kutsika kwachangu nkhanambo ndi powdery mildew.
2. Muyenera kudyetsa nthawi zonse.

Ngati mukufuna mtengo wanu wa apulo kubala zipatso chaka chilichonse, werengani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito powdery mildew pa mtengo wa apulo.

Podziwa zizindikiro zazikulu za mtengo wa apulo "Oyang'anira" ndikutsatira mfundo zazikuluzikulu za chisamaliro, wamaluwa sadzakhala kovuta kupeza zabwino zokolola zipatso.