Kaloti ndi masamba okondedwa a anthu ambiri. Ngati mukufuna kukula mizu imeneyi pa tsamba lanu, ndiye kuti mukufunika kuwerengera mwatsatanetsatane malamulo ndi nthawi yobzala kaloti mu 2018.
Nthawi yosankhidwa bwino idzakhudza kwambiri khalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu.
M'nkhani ino tidzalongosola tsatanetsatane za kusankha koyenera komwe kumakhala kumadera osiyanasiyana m'chaka ndi m'dzinja.
Nthawi yake ndi yotani
Kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri za karoti, munthu ayenera kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane za nyengo za dera, funsani wopanga za masiku odzala a karoti osiyanasiyana, phunzirani kalendala ya mwezi.
Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti ngakhale kufotokoza kwachabechabe monga chitsanzo chodzala kungakhale ndi ntchito yofunikira pa nthawi yolima. Tiyeni tiwone momwe kutentha kwa mpweya, masiku odzala, mitundu ya karoti, dera, kalendala yamwezi, ndi zina, zimakhudza mbewu.
Phunzirani za katundu wa kaloti wakuda, wachikasu, wofiirira, woyera.
Pamene kudzala kaloti m'chaka
Kubzala mbewu ya lalanje kumapeto kwa nyengo ayenera kukhala masiku ena komanso nyengo zina. Zikuchitika kuti kalendala yamtendere tsikuli ndi lovomerezeka, koma nyengo ndi frosty kapena mvula yamkuntho. Zikatero, ndikofunikira kufunafuna kuvomereza.
Nthawi yabwino yofika pakhomo
Masiku okudzala adzakhala osiyana oyambirira, pakatikati ndi nyengo ndi mochedwa mitundu ya lalanje mizu.
Mitundu yoyambirira
Mitengo yoyambirira ya kaloti imabzalidwa pambuyo pa kuyamba kwa kutentha koona koyamba (pamene usiku chisanu chimatha). Mitengo yoyamba yakucha, nthawi zambiri, imayenera kubzalidwa pamtunda pakatikati mpaka chakumapeto kwa April. Kuyambira nthawi yokolola yamitundu yochepa ndi yochepa (masiku 60-80), ndiye kuti mutha kubzala ndi kusamalidwa bwino, mutha kukolola kumapeto kwa June kapena kumayambiriro kwa July.
Mukudziwa? Afghanistan imatengedwa ngati malo a kaloti, kumene inakula kwa nthawi yaitali kuthengo ndipo inali ndi mtundu wofiirira. Kaloti za mtundu wa ulimi waulimi anabweretsa achibadwidwe achi Dutch.
Mitengo ya pakatikati
Mitengo yamkatikati imayenera kukhala yosungirako nthawi yaitali, kotero imakula m'madera ndi nyengo yochepa ya nyengo yotentha. Pambuyo masiku 80-120 mutabzala mbewu, mukhoza kukolola mbewu yoyamba ya kaloti.
Ngati, mwachitsanzo, mizu yotukula pakati idzabzala ku Siberia kumapeto kwa May, ndiye kuti mkatikati mwa mwezi wa September ndizotheka kukolola. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nyengo yowonjezera ya kaloti (pakati pa nyengo) imakhala yogwirizana ndi nyengo yofunda mu gawo lino la Russia. M'madera otentha, nyengo ya pakatikati ya nyengo imakhala yofesedwa kumayambiriro mpaka mwezi wa May (monga momwe amalangizi ndi makampani azaulimi akulimbikitsira).
Phunzirani zomwe zimabzala kaloti Mfumukazi ya Autumn, Nantes, Shantane, Samson, Vita Long, Canada, Tushon.
Mitundu yochedwa
Patapita mitundu ya lalanje mizu masamba kwambiri anasungidwa m'nyengo yozizira. Iwo amakula ndi anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe ndi wamaluwa omwe amakonda kudya katsulo karoti kapena saladi m'nyengo yozizira yamadzulo. Ndikofunika kudzala mitundu yochedwa kumayambiriro kwa June, ndi kukolola mu October. Nthawi yokula ya mitundu yambiri ya kaloti ndi masiku 120-150. 
Mavuto a nyengo
Zinthu zakuthambo ndizofunikira pamene mukudzala kaloti. Choyamba, muyenera kufufuza mosamala maonekedwe a zosiyanasiyana zomwe mukukula. Ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yozizira, ndiye kuti kuyambira kungayambe pamene kutentha kwa usiku sikugwa pansi pa 0 ° C. Iyenera kutenga masiku osachepera asanu kutha kwa chisanu usiku (zofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti dziko lapansi limawombera mozama 10-15 cm).
Mitundu ya kaloti yosasinthasintha kwambiri imatha kupirira chisanu mpaka -5 ° C ndi zina zambiri, koma ndi bwino kuti musalole katundu wotere pambewu, chifukwa atatha msanga chisanu chowombera sichidzawonekera kwa nthawi yaitali.
Ndikofunikira! Musanadzalemo, mbeu iyenera kuthiridwa mu njira yamadzimadzi yomwe imaphatikizapo kukula ndi phulusa.Kutentha kwa mpweya usiku wa usiku chifukwa chodzala mizu ya lalanje kumatengedwa kukhala + 7 ... + 9 ° С. Masana ayenera kukhala mkati mwa 15 ... +18 ° С. Zikatero, mbewuzo zidzamera msanga, ndipo zokolola zoyamba sizidzatenga nthawi yaitali kuti zidikire.
Zizindikiro za dera
M'pofunika kudzala kaloti m'katikati mwa zigawo za Russia ndi dera la Moscow osati kale kuposa April 20, popeza usiku chisanu chikhoza kubwerera mpaka kumayambiriro kwa May. Kudyetsa masamba a lalanje mumtsinje, ku Leningrad Region ndi kumadera ena kumpoto kwa Russia ayenera kuchitidwa kale pasanafike pa May 10. Ku Siberia, m'pofunika kudzala kaloti kumapeto kwa May (ndizotheka ngakhale kale, ngati nyengo ikuloleza).
Pezani kuti mitundu yambiri ya kaloti imalimbikitsidwa kuti ikule m'dera la Moscow, kumpoto.Nthawi zonse muziganiziranso mizu yosiyana siyana komanso kukana kwake kuzizira. Pali mitundu yapadera ya kaloti yomwe imayenera kubzala ku Siberia kumapeto kwa April. Pa gawo la Ukraine ndi kum'mwera zigawo Russia, masamba obzalidwa kumayambiriro April, pamene nthaka imawombera mpaka 5 ... +7 ° С.
Kalendala yamalawi ndi masiku otsika
Ngati mutsogoleredwa ndi kalendala ya mwezi, ndiye kuti masiku abwino odzala kaloti mu 2018 adzakhala:
- March - zokondweretsa: 13, 14, 15, 20 ndi 22, mwachikhalidwe: 30;
- April - zabwino: 3, 17, 18, mwachikhalidwe: 22, 23;
- May - zabwino: 23, 24, mwachikhalidwe: 19, 20;
- Juni - zabwino: 10, 11, 12, 20, 21, mwachikhalidwe: 15, 16.
Kubzala kaloti m'nyengo yozizira
Ngati mwasankha kubzala karoti musanafike nyengo yozizira, ndiye kuti mudzafunika kupeza nyengo yabwino. Kuwonjezera apo, mutabzala, mbewu ziyenera kusungidwa mosamala kuti zisamaundane muchisanu chozizira.
Ndipo musayiwale kuti malo oti mubzala ayenera kukhala pamtunda, chifukwa mitsuko yamasika idzaphatikiza madzi ambiri, ndipo mbewu zikhoza kuvunda ndipo zisakwere.
Phunzirani choti muchite ngati kaloti suma; Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza kutuluka kwa mphukira mwamsanga; mmene kubzala kaloti mu spring; ndi kaloti zotani zomwe zimabzala m'nyengo yozizira.
Masiku a kalendala
Njira yotereyi ndi yabwino kwa anthu okhala kumwera kwa Russia ndi Ukraine. Mitundu ina ya masamba a lalanje ingabzalidwe kugwa pakati pa Russia ndi m'midzi. Ndipotu, obereketsa adabweretsa kale mitundu yoyenera kubzala ku Siberia ndi ku Urals, koma munda wobzalidwa uyenera kusungidwa mosamala.
Pali maulendo angapo a kuzizira kwathunthu kwa mbewu za karoti pambuyo pa madigiri makumi anayi a chisanu m'nyengo yoopsa ya kumpoto kwa Russia. Komabe, pali nthawi yeniyeni yowalidwa m'dzinja: kuyambira October 20 mpaka November 25. 
Mavuto a nyengo
Kudyetsa kwachangu kuyenera kuchitika pambuyo pa kutentha kwa mpweya tsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala 0 ... +2 ° C. Zidzakhala zabwino ngati chomera chochepa choyamba cha chisanu chimatuluka, koma chisanu chokha sichinafike. Kudzala koyambirira kudzachititsa kuti padzakhala dzuwa ndipo kaloti zonse zidzafa.
N'chifukwa chake kum'mwera madera a Ukraine ndi Russia sayenera kutsogoleredwa ndi tsiku, koma ndi nyengo, popeza poyamba chisanu m'madera amenewa sichidzachitika mpaka pakati pa December.
Ndi mitundu yanji yoyenera?
Yotchuka kwambiri karoti mitundu ya underwinter seeding:
- "Malo osungira" ("Gavrish") - maluwa a maluwa a orange omwe ali ndi shuga ndi carotene, amafika 15-20 masentimita m'litali;
Mukudziwa? Karoti imachotsa ma "ioni" oyipa wa kolesterol ndi calcium. Zonsezi zimakhudza mtima ndi mitsempha ya magazi, kuonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kuika magazi magazi.
- "Nantik Resistaflay F1" - wosakanizidwa omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda ambiri, amalekerera chisanu chokhazikika popanda mavuto. Lili ndi madzi okwanira (zokolola ndi 37.6%);
- "Nelly F1" - maluwa oyambirira a lalanje, omwe sagwirizana ndi tsvetushnosti, Fusarium;
- "Farao" - mizu yowala lalanje, ndi fungo lonunkhira ndi lokoma ndi kukoma. Nthangazi zimapitirira bwino m'nthaka ndipo zimapereka zipatso mu June (pafupifupi mtengo wolemera ndi 100-150 g);
- "Shanteene mfumu" - pakatikati karoti zosiyanasiyana, amene ali mkulu zokolola ndi zabwino kukoma.
Kalendala yamalawi: nthawi yobzala kaloti usanafike nyengo yozizira
Masiku okondweretsa obzala kaloti kumapeto kwa 2018:
- Lamlungu, November 11 - Lachiwiri, November 13;
- Lachisanu, November 16 - Lamlungu, November 18;
- Lamlungu, November 25 - Lachiwiri, November 27.
Kodi n'zotheka kudzala kaloti pambuyomo kapena mtsogolo, ndi zomwe zimadzaza ndi
Kawirikawiri, wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa amasankha nthawi yobzala kaloti, chifukwa cha nyengo ndi kupezeka kwa nthawi yaulere. Nthawi zina kutsika kumakhala koyambirira kapena mtsogolo, zomwe zimayambira kumayambiriro kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yaitali. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa zotsatira za oyambirira komanso mochedwa kumera kwa miyendo ya lalanje.
M'chaka
Kubzala koyamba kwa karoti mbewu zingawaopseze kuti afungitse, motero, mbande siziwoneka. Izi zikhoza kuchitika pamene mafunde a kutentha amabwera kumadera mu March ndipo pafupifupi kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala ku 8% + 12 ° С kwa nthawi yaitali.
Mnyengo yachilimwe angasankhe kubzala mbewu posachedwa, chifukwa kutentha kwafika kale ndipo zokolola zikhoza kukolola kale. Koma pangakhale pangozi: chisanu chimatha kubwerera, mwina ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, ndipo mbande zikhoza kufa. 
Ndikofunikira! The chisanu zosagwira ndi abwino karoti mitundu kubzala ku Siberia: "Vitamini-6", "Mfumukazi ya autumn", "Dayana", "Atai anafupikitsa".Kubzala mwamsanga kumakhala koopsa kokha mochedwa mitundu ya kaloti, nyengo yomwe ikukula yomwe imadutsa masiku 130-140. Ngati kaloti zotere zimabzalidwa kumpoto ndi kuchedwa, ndiye poyambira kukolola, pangakhale kale chisanu mumsewu. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa ndi kusachedwetsedwa ndi kubzala mbewu.
M'dzinja
Ntchito yobzala mu kugwa iyenera kuchitika nthawi inayake: sankhani kutentha kwa mpweya woyenera komanso tsiku losavuta. Ngati mbeu idafesedwa mofulumira kwambiri, idzayamba kumera ngakhale isanayambike chisanu. Chifukwa chake, karoti idzafa, ndipo mudzayenera kubzala mbewuzo.
Kubzala mofulumira kungachititse kuti mbewu zizizira kwambiri, chifukwa zimayenera kusintha mofanana ndi kutentha kwa nthaka. Nchifukwa chake mbewu imalangizidwa kuti zibzalidwe pa kutentha kwa 0 ... +2 ° С.
Malangizo Otsatira ndi Malangizo
Chifukwa chokolola kwambiri kaloti, nkofunika kuti musankhe nthawi yoyenera kubzala, muyenera kukonzekeranso mbeu, kuthirani ndikukulitsa malo oti mubzala, ndiyeno musamalire bwino mbeu. 
Phunzirani momwe mungamwetsere, manyowa, nthawi yosonkhanitsa, kusunga, kuzizira, kaloti wouma.
Kuzama ndi Tchati
Pamene kasupe kubzala mbewu za karoti, onetsetsani kuti zilowerere m'madzi kapena prikopat mu nthaka yofunda yonyowa kwa tsiku. Izi zidzakhala mtundu wovutikira mbewu. Ngati ntchito yodzala idzachitika m'dzinja, ndiye kuti simungathe kuimitsa mbewu, chifukwa njirayi ikukonzekera kumera.
Pambuyo pokonzekera mbewu, chiwembu chiyenera kukonzekera kubzala:
- Karoti sakonda kwenikweni kompositi ndi manyowa. Komanso, mitundu iyi ya feteleza imakhudzanso kukoma kwa mizu;
- Musanayambe kubzala mbeu ayenera kukhala mosamala ndikumasula;
- Kuwombera kapena peat omwe wayamba kale kuwonongeka akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku nthaka;
- Kugwa, muyenera kutsegula malo omwe mbeuyi ikukonzekera, chifukwa nthawi zina matalala amatha kusokoneza ntchito yomwe idakonzedwa.
Phunzirani mmene mungagwiritsire ntchito kaloti ndi karoti nsonga zamankhwala.Video: momwe mungakonzekere bedi kwa kaloti Ndondomeko yofika pang'onopang'ono ndi izi:
- Mizere iyenera kukhala 1.5-2 cm masentimita. Dimples ayenera kuti azikhala ndi potaziyamu permanganate kapena madzi omveka (chifukwa cha kufesa kumasika).
- Mtunda wa pakati pa mabowo mu mzerewu uyenera kukhala masentimita 5, pakati pa mizera - 20 cm. Njira yotere yobzala idzakhale yabwino kuti tisamalire ndi kusula.
- Ngati ntchito yofika ikuchitika kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, ndiye kuti pakutha pake bedi liyenera kusungidwa bwino.
- Pambuyo pa kumapeto kwa kasupe kubzala bedi amathiridwa ndi madzi kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi feteleza ndi kukula zopatsa.
Phunzirani momwe mungatetezere kaloti ku matenda ndi tizirombo.Video: momwe mungabzalitse kaloti usanafike nyengo yozizira
Kodi kusamalira mbande
Mbande za kaloti ziyenera kukhala udzu nthawi zonse, monga udzu wochulukira udzasokoneza zokolola za muzu mbewu. Kupalira kumafunika kukhala nthawi zonse. Musaiwale kumasula nthaka kuti mpweya wochuluka ufike kumalo osungira pansi pa nthaka ndi malo otsika kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Mukudziwa? Nsonga za karoti zimadyedwanso. M'mayiko ena, msuzi, saladi komanso tiyi amapangidwa kuchokera ku izo.Kupukuta kwa mbande ndi chimodzi mwa magawo akulu omwe akusamalira mbewu. Pachifukwa ichi, lamulo lalikulu ndi ili: mtunda wa pakati pa zomera zoyandikana ukhale 3-4 masentimita.
Kupanda chinyezi - chifukwa cha kuwawa ndi kuuma kwa chipatso. Kuthirira mizu n'kofunika tsiku lililonse masiku asanu ndi awiri. Madzi sayenera kupulumutsidwa, ayenera kuyendetsa nthaka mpaka 25-30 cm.
Yoyamba karoti fetereza ayenera kuchitika mu 3-4 masabata pambuyo mphukira yoyamba, wachiwiri - mu 1.5-2 miyezi yoyamba. 
Kaloti monga feteleza awa:
- nitrophoska;
- mtengo;
- potaziyamu nitrate;
- mphothosphate;
- urea
Polimbana ndi fomozom - yowopsa kwambiri ya kaloti - muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito gawo limodzi lokha la Bordeaux madzi. 
Tsopano mukudziwa nthawi yoti muzitsamba kaloti kudera linalake, ndipo nyengo ikuyenera kuti izi zichitike. Ngati mutatsatira malamulo onse operekedwa m'nkhaniyi, mutha kukolola bwino muzu wa lalanje.
Kodi ndi nthawi iti yofesa kaloti: ndemanga
Podzimny karoti kufesaMusanayime (kuya kuya 22--25 masentimita), 2-3 makilogalamu / m2 ya humus ndi 10-15 g / m2 wa phosphate ndi potashi feteleza ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndikoyenera kukumba chiwembu ndikuwongolera pomwepo ndikuwongolera pamwamba pake ndikupanga mapiritsi 4-5 masentimita pamwamba pake. Panthawi yofesa, nthaka idzakhala yozungulira ndipo kuya kwa masentimita atatu ndi cm. chisanu
Regina
//farmerforum.ru/viewtopic.php?t=165#p2185
Mlungu umodzi musanabzala, ndimangirira mbewu za karoti mumasamba (ndi sukulu) ndikuika malirewo pa bayonet m'malo odyera komanso amdima a munda wa masamba (nthaka idakali yozizira). Dzulo ndangobisala, ndipo mu sabata ndimakumba mfundo zanga ndi kuzibzala. Mbewu ya sabata imakula, koma musamere chifukwa nthaka idakali yozizira. Ndipo kufesa ndikosavuta chifukwa Mbeu imakula kwambiri, osati kumangika pamodzi ndi kumera kumapamwamba kwambiri kuposa kauma (sindikudziwa chifukwa chake zingakhale chifukwa chokhazikika pansi).galina k
//www.tomat-pomidor.com/forum/ogorod/kak-sejat-morkov/page-2/#p30679
Chaka chino ndinaganiza zofesa kaloti kumapeto kwa May, ndinawona kuti kaloti za April sizikusungidwa bwino, m'chipinda changa chapansi pa nyumba ndikukhala mpweya wokwanira, koma ngakhale theka la zokolola zatha. Ndipo izi zakhala zikufanana ndi izi - Mayayi amasungidwa bwino kuposa April, ngakhale kuti ndi kosavuta kufesa kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, dziko lapansi limagwira chinyezi kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo pamapeto pake mumayenera kuvutika - mumaphimba ndi kubwereza mobwerezabwereza!remi
//www.tomat-pomidor.com/forum/ogorod/kak-sejat-morkov/page-2/#p30712
