Crocus yophukira: kubzala, kusamalira maluwa a m'dzinja

Chilengedwe sichitha kutidabwitsa: chimodzi mwa zozizwitsa zimenezi ndi autcus crocus, yomwe imadziwika ndi njira zosazolowereka za chitukuko. Kumapeto kwa masamba amamera ndi zitsamba zomwe zimabala kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, ndipo zomera zimagona. Koma zokongola za maluwa aliwonse - masamba, pachimake pa kugwa. Momwe tingakulire colchicum ndi kumusamalira, tidzanena zambiri.

Zamkatimu:

• Njira zoberekera
• Kukula
• Chisamaliro
• Matenda ndi tizirombo
• Ndemanga

Kufotokozera

Colchicum (colchicum) ndi chomera chosatha cha banja lachimwemwe. Pansi pa chilengedwe, imakula m'mphepete mwa nkhalango ndi nkhalango kumwera kwakum'mawa kwa Ulaya, gawo lakumadzulo kwa Asia ndi Africa.

Mukudziwa? Zomera zomwe zimayambitsa moyo wawo pansi pa zochitika zachilengedwe zimatchedwa "ephemeroids."

Mu mtundu wosatha, pali mitundu pafupifupi 160, koma ena okha amakula m'minda:

• m'dzinja (Colchicum autumnale);

• zokongola (Colchicum speciosum);

• Agripa, kapena motley (Colchicum agrippinum, tessellatum);

• Byzantine (Colchicum byzantinum).

Kuzungulira kwa moyo wa autumn crocus kumafunikira chidwi chenicheni. Munthu wamkulu, chokhwima amasiya masamba a tuber kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Komanso, duwa likuwonekera pamwamba pa nthaka pa tsinde lopanda kanthu ndipo itatha, imafota ndipo imasanduka chikasu pansi. Kutalika kwa duwa pa nthawi ya maluwa ndi 15-20 cm.

Mudzidziwe nokha ndi osatha kulima autumn crocus panja ndi mitundu yayikulu ya colchicum

Malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya colchicum kuchokera ku babu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa ikhoza kuwoneka, yomwe imakhala yosalekeza komanso iwiri. Mtundu wa inflorescences umadaliranso zosiyanasiyana: zoyera, zofiirira, pinki, zofiirira, zofiira ndi chess. Pa mvula, maluwawo amakhala pafupi ndipo amaoneka ngati magalasi okongola. Chomeracho chimamera kwa masiku 15-20, ndipo nthawiyi chimadalira nyengo yomwe ili yoyenera.

Ndikofunikira! Kutentha kotentha kwa autumn kumakula mofulumira.

Maluwa a Frost si oopsa: ndi kuyamba kwawo, amangogwa pansi.

Gawo lotsatira la moyo limayamba mu April-May, pamene mvula yowirira, yobiriwira masamba obiriwira amakula kuchokera ku babu, kukula mpaka 30-40 masentimita. Mbalame yophukira pansi pa chisanu. Ndipo ngati kugwa kwa maluwa kunamangidwa, bokosi la mbeu lidzawoneka pakati pa masamba, omwe, mosadziwika, ambiri amawona kuti ndiphuphu. Mbewu imapangidwa kuchokera ku maluwa a maluwa, omwe ali m'nthaka. Mbeu ya mpendadzuwa imatha kumapeto kwa June - m'ma July ndikugwa pansi. Pankhaniyi, bokosi limakhala lofiira, ndipo masambawo amatembenukira chikasu ndikufota.

Njira zoberekera

Pali mitundu itatu yodziwika bwino ya autumn crocus: mabala a bulbu, mwana wamkazi tubers ndi mbewu. Taganizirani izi:

1. Mbewu (yobereka). Njirayi idzatenga nthawi yochuluka, popeza mbeu yomwe idabzalidwa mwanjira imeneyi imangodumpha patatha zaka 6-7, pamene tuber ikukula ndikupeza mphamvu. Komanso, njirayi si yoyenera kwa mitundu yambiri.
Mbeu ya autumn crocus ili m'bokosi pakati pa masamba
2. Mbira ya colchicum imapanga mphukira zingapo panthawi ya kukula. M'chilimwe, pamene chomeracho chimapuma, babu akhoza kukumbidwa ndikugawidwa mu magawo angapo kuti aliyense ali ndi mphukira yake. Magawo akulungidwa mu makala ndi zouma. Pambuyo masiku 3-6 akhoza kubzalidwa. Kuzama kwa dzenje ndi 12-18 masentimita.

3. Mwana wamkazi amabala njira yosavuta yolakula. Potero anabzala Kolkhikum limamasula mu miyezi 1-1.5. Njirayi ikuyamba ndi kusonkhanitsa mababu. Nkhumba zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi nthawi yoonekera nthawi ya chilimwe, zimakololedwa pamene mbewu zakula ndipo masamba adayika pansi. The mababu mosamala anakumba, kutsukidwa ndi otsalira masamba ndi akale tubers kuchotsedwa. Mamba omwe akuphimba anyezi sayenera kuchotsedwa. Kenaka, zinthuzo zimatsukidwa ndi kuzifota ndi njira yochepa yothetsera potassium permanganate. Pambuyo pokonzekera, tubers ndi zouma ndi kusungidwa kufikira mutabzala pamalo otentha kutentha (22-24 ° C).

Mukudziwa? Mwachidziwitso (mu akalulu ndi mbewa), zochotsa mimba za colchicum zatsimikiziridwa.

Kukula

Colchicum imasinthidwa bwino ndi nyengo ya chigawo cha pakati pa Russian Federation. Bzalani bwinoko m'malo abwino. Analoledwa kubzala mbewu mopanda phindu mthunzi.

Mababu amabzalidwa mu nthaka yopanda chitetezo kumapeto kwa August - kuyambira pa September, ngakhale kuti nthawi izi zimasinthidwa malingana ndi nyengo ya dera. Komabe, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti nthawi yabwino yobzala crocus ndi August.

Ndikofunikira! Nthawi yobwera ikuwerengedwa m'njira yosachepera masiku khumi kuchokera tsiku lodzala mpaka frosts.

Kolkhikumy imakula pafupifupi dothi lonse, koma makamaka omwe ali ndi acidity ya pH 5-8. Kunja kwa zizindikiro izi, zomera sizidzamveka bwino.

Maonekedwe a nthaka akhoza kukhala osiyana, kuphatikizapo loam. Koma ndibwino kuika chokwanira cha zinthu zakutchire (superphosphate, phulusa, phosphate, phulusa, humus), chifukwa m'nthaka yachonde ndi yotayirira, crocus crocus imapanga maluwa amtengo wapatali ndipo imakhala ndi ma tubers ambiri.

Phunzirani zambiri pa kukula kwa maluwa ambiri otchuka: ma tulip, gladiolus, chipale chofewa, narcissus, babi, kakombo.

Mukamabzala mababu, kuya kwa dzenje kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa zokolola. Ma corms ang'onoang'ono amabzalidwa 6-8 masentimita akuya, pamtunda wa masentimita 10-15 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake. Zakudya zazikulu zimasowa mabowo aakulu - 12-15 masentimita, ndipo mtunda wa pakati pawo ukhale 20-25 masentimita. M'pofunika kudzala mababu kuti nsonga zawo zikhale pamwamba pa nthaka.

Kubzala mu njira ya mbewu zikuwoneka ngati izi: Mbeu zatsopano zokolola zimafesedwa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe mu nthaka yachonde, yotayirira komanso yonyowa kwa 1-2 masentimita. Mbeu zisanafikeko zimanyowa mwachidule m'madzi. Ngati nyembazo sizinabzalidwe mwamsanga mutatha kukolola, ziyenera kumangidwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi musanadzalemo ndikuziika mufiriji.

Ndikofunikira! M'malo mowukha, wamaluwa amalangizidwa kuthira mbewu mu nylon yosungira kapena yosungira ndi kutsika mbale ya chimbudzi mu thanki. Patsiku lililonse, madzi amatsuka mbewu, kuchotsa mavitamini, omwe amamera kumera.

Musanadzalemo m'zitsime muzikonzekera zosanjikizana ndikuziwaza ndi mchenga. Mphukira idzawonekera mmawa wotsatira, koma nthawi zina nthawi yambiri imadutsa.

Pakuti mbande zimafunika kusamalidwa. Iwo amaonda, amathirira ngati kuli kofunikira, mpaka masamba a masamba, udzu, ndi malo a m'nyengo yozizira.

Chisamaliro

N'zosavuta kusamalira ngodya nthawi zonse, ndipo zovuta zonsezi zimachepetsedwa, komabe, njira zoyenera kulima ndi:

1. Kuthirira Amafunika kamodzi pa sabata pokhapokha mvula ikadutsa komanso nyengo yokha. Madzi ochulukirapo amavulaza zomera. Pochotseratu ziphuphu zowonongeka pamtambo, kuzungulira tuber kumapanga groove, yomwe imasiya madzi, ndikuyeretsa nthaka ndi chisanu.
2. Feteleza. Chikhalidwe chovomerezeka pokhapokha mutabzala, nthawi zonse zimatenga nthawi zambiri (mitundu yosavuta imamva bwino popanda kuvala): mu masika ndi m'dzinja. Kukula kwakukulu m'chaka, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito nitroammofosku (40-50 magalamu pa mita imodzi). Mu kugwa iwo amamera ndi kompositi.

3. Kupalira, kuchotsa masamba owuma ndi masamba owuma. Njira imeneyi imapangitsa kuti maluwawo azioneka bwino.
4. Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira. Ndikofunika kwambiri kukhala ndi mitundu yopanda mphamvu. M'nyengo yozizira amadzazidwa ndi masamba owuma, manyowa ovunda, munda wamkompositi (mulingo woyenera kwambiri wosanjikiza ndi 10-15 masentimita) kapena nsalu ya nonwoven.
5. Ndakhala Duwa liyenera kukhala lokhazikika (losabzalidwa) nthawi zonse. Apo ayi, ndi lalikulu kudzikundikira tubers, m'dzinja crocus adzalowa vegetative gawo ndiime kuphukira. Kukhala pansi kumakhala kamodzi kamodzi pakatha zaka 2-3 pambuyo pake kutsirizira kwa masamba (pakati pakumayambiriro kwa September). M'dzinja crocus tubers akumba, kuyeretsedwa, zouma ndi kubzalidwa m'malo atsopano. Ngati dothi silinasinthe, liyenera kupindula ndi humus (kompositi), kuphatikizapo mchenga. Kuzama kwa dzenje kuyenera kukhala katatu m'mimba mwake, ndi mtunda wofunika pakati pa maluwa - 15-20 masentimita.
6. Musamacheke masamba a Kolkhikum. - ayenera kutembenukira mwachindunji ndi owuma.

Ndikofunikira! Mbali zonse za autumn crocus ndizoopsa, choncho ntchitoyo iyenera kuchitika ndi magolovesi.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Nkhono ndi slugs, zomwe masamba obiriwira a maluwa ndi zosangalatsa kwambiri, ndizovuta kwambiri pamene kukula kwa crocus nthawi zonse. Njira yabwino kwambiri yowathandiza kuti awonongeke ndikusonkhanitsa pamodzi: tizilombo ta tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizingawonongeke tizilombo tofewa. Odziŵa bwino wamaluwa amalenga zowononga zowononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda powaza phulusa, miyala yamtengo wapatali, thanthwe la shell or eggshell pozungulira.

Mukudziwa? Agiriki akale anali otsimikiza kuti crocus ya autumn inachokera ku madontho a magazi a Prometheus. Ku Russia, chomera ichi chinkatchedwa mtengo wa autumn, galu akugwa kapena msewu wachisanu, ndipo a British adatcha "wamaliseche."

Ngati mvula imagwa mobwerezabwereza, nkhungu imatha kugwidwa ndi nkhungu zakuda. Ndi zizindikiro zochepa za matenda, kuthirira kuchepa, ndipo zomera zimangotengedwa ndi fungicide (Champion, Topaz, Kuproksat, etc.). Kuchokera ku matenda odwala kwambiri ayenera kuchotsa.

Monga tikuonera, kulima colchicum kumafunikanso zochitika zina, nthawi ndi chipiriro: yesani dzanja lanu pogwiritsa ntchito mfundoyi. Tikukhulupirira kuti mupambana, ndipo pa tsamba lanu mudzatha kupanga mabedi odabwitsa a maluwa.

Phunzirani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito colchicum kuchipatala.

VIDEO: KUKHALA NDI KUSANGALALA NDI WODZIWONSE PAMODZI

Ndemanga