Mapulo kwa nthawi yaitali ali pamalo olemekezeka pakati pa zomera zokongoletsa. Ichi ndi mtengo wamtali wamtengo wapatali womwe uli ndi korona yachilendo ndi masamba odulidwa. Njira yowonjezera mapulo kuchokera ku mbewu siyikuchitika kokha pakati pa wamaluwa wamaluwa, chochitika ichi sichimayambitsa mavuto ngakhale oyambitsa.
Kodi mitundu yonse ya mapulo ikhoza kukula kuchokera ku mbewu
Mudziko muli mitundu yokwana 150 ya mapulo. Choncho, poyamba muyenera kusankha mtundu wa mtengo umene mukufuna kukhala nawo. Malo okhala mitundu yambiri ndi North America. Mitundu yamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndi shuga ya shuga, yomwe imapezeka kummawa kwa Canada, komanso m'dera la Great Lavrentyev Lakes.
Mitundu yodabwitsa kwambiri imayambitsidwa ndi cuttings kapena kukulumikiza, ndipo mitundu yochepa yokha ndiyo yabwino kubzala mbewu. Kupatulapo maple a America, kukula ndi kubereka paliponse, Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchulukitsidwa kwa agulugufe pamtunda, mtengo uwu wakhala ukuzindikiridwa ngati kusungika kwaokha m'mayiko angapo.
Onani tsatanetsatane wa mitundu yambiri ya mapulo, yotchedwa: yofiira, Japan, phulusa, Flamingo, Manchu
Choncho, kulima ndi mbewu mitundu iyi ndi yoyenera:
- chosokoneza;
- Ginnala;
- zobiriwira
- Chitata.
Mukhoza kupeza mbewu za mapulo m'dzinja la m'dzinja mu mulu wa masamba otayirira pansi pa mitengo. Kuti musataye pofufuza zinthu zamtsogolo zoti mubzalidwe, muyenera kukhala ndi lingaliro la maonekedwe a mbewu. Iyi ndi phwando lachiwiri la lionfish. Chipatsocho chimapangidwa ndi magawo awiri, omwe ali pamtunda umodzi wosabereka ndi masamba aakulu. Fruiting chomera chaka ndi zambiri.
Mukudziwa? Sakanizani whiskey wotchuka "Jack Daniels" atanyamula kupyolera mu malasha a mapulo a ku America. Njirayi imatchedwanso kuti Lincoln.
Kusankha malo pa tsamba
Kenaka muyenera kusankha pa tsamba kumene mukufuna kudzala chomera chodabwitsa ichi. Malo abwino kwambiri okhala ndi mbande za mapulo ndi malo otentha kwambiri. Ngati palibe malo ounikira m'zaka zoyambirira za moyo wa mapulo, mthunzi wochepa wokha ndi wovomerezeka.
Ponena za nthaka, ndibwino kuti ikhale yachonde komanso yosasuka. Choncho, musanabzala nthaka muyenera kumasulidwa, kuzipanga mofanana. Kuonjezerapo, zimalimbikitsanso kuthirira nthaka ya nthaka ndi pang'ono pangodya mchenga, peat ndi humus.
Panthawi yonseyi, zomera zoterezi zidzakondwera ndi zokongoletsera mosalekeza: host, Badan, astilba, geykher, hellebore, stonecrop, viola, tradescantia.
Ngati madzi akuyenda pafupi ndi munda wanu, ndiye kuti mchenga wa mchenga wa 10-20 masentimita uyenera kuikidwa pansi pa dzenje, ming'alu kapena udothi wokhala ndi masentimita 15. Kusamba kwa madzi kumathandiza kusintha kwambiri kutaya kwa madzi.
Mzere wa mbewu
Pansi pa chilengedwe, mbeu ya mapulo imabuka mu August, kugwa, ndikuyamba kutuluka m'chaka. Malingana ndi zochitika zachilengedwe izi, nkofunika kuti muzitsatira. Taganizirani za mkhalidwe wozizira komanso wogwirizana.
Werengani za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mapulo ndi mapulo a mankhwala m'zipatala.
Cold
Njira ya Stratification ("stratification") amakulolani kuti mupindule mofulumira kumera kwa zipangizo. Tanthauzo la njira yozizira ndikuteteza nthawi ya hibernation mu malo osakhala achilengedwe, pambuyo pake chomera m'chilengedwe chimayamba kukulirakulira. Njirayi ndi yabwino kwa mitundu yambiri ya mapulo. American, Norway, Japan, lalikulu-leaved, shuga ndi mtundu wina wofiira hibernate m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo pofika kutentha iwo amayamba mphukira.
Mitundu yonse yapamwambayi imayikidwa pansi mu autumn kapena mu December. Ngati mtengo wanu uli ndi lionfish kumapeto kapena June, kumera kumayenera kuchitika pansi. Ngati mukufuna kukalima tirigu panja, gwiritsani ntchito njira yozizira masiku 90-120 musanafike pozizira kwambiri.
Pafupi ndi mapulo mungathe kubzala chimanga, rowan, pine, spruce ndi zitsamba zokongola.
Choncho, pitirizani kuzizira "delamination":
- Ikani pang'ono peat moss ndi vermiculite m'matumba ang'onoting'ono a pulasitiki. Pofuna kupewa kutsekemera kwa bowa, chitani m'magolovesi omwe amachotsedwa ndipo gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zoyera zokhazokha.
- Pofuna kuchepetsa zokolola pang'ono, kutsanulira m'madzi pang'ono.
- Ngati mukufuna, mukhoza kuwonjezera fungicide. Izi zimateteza mbewu ku nkhungu kuwonongeka. Pofuna kuteteza mbande kuti zisakhudzidwe ndi kuchepa kwa fungicide, onjezerani pang'ono za mankhwalawa.
- Kufalitsa mbewu mu mapaketi (20-30 zitsanzo iliyonse). Pofuna kuchulukitsa mpweya kuchoka pa phukusi, mosamala mosamala ndi palmu. Sankhani mosamala matumba.
- Ife tafika pa nthawi ya kulumikiza mwachindunji mbewu. Kuti izi zitheke, mbewu ziyenera kusungidwa mufiriji pa kutentha kwa 1-5 ° C. Ndi kutentha uku kumene kumalimbikitsa kumera kwa mbewu za mitundu yambiri.
- Masiku asanu ndi atatu (8-15), fufuzani matumba a condensate, nkhungu kapena zotsatira zina zosayenera.
- Sungani matumba mufiriji kwa masiku 40-120. Kuyamera kwa mitundu yambiri kumatenga masiku 90 mpaka 120. Nthenda yamera ya mbewu kwa masiku 40 ndi yosawerengeka - ndi yapadera kokha kumalo akuluakulu ndi mitundu ina.
- Mbeu itangoyamba kumera, chotsani matumba m'firiji.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mpweya umapezeka mu thumba ndi chodzala, sungani pang'onopang'ono kuti mulole madontho a madzi asatuluke. Chotsani mwatcheru thumba kumbali yina ndikulola mbewu zowonongeka ziume. Ngati mbewu, zotsalira, zowuma, onjezerani madontho 1-2 m'madzi. Ndipo mutatha kuona zizindikiro zilizonse zojambula, sankhani ndi kubwezeretsanso nsomba yakhudzidwa.
Kutentha ndi kuzizira
Mbewu zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuphukira, njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito (yotentha ndi yozizira) imakhala yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Chofunika kwambiri cha njirayi chimakhala ndi zotsatira za kubzala mosiyana ndi kutentha ndi kutentha. Njirayi ikufunika mitundu ya mapiri ndi Asia. Mapepala, ophatikizidwa ndi mitundu yofiira sizimawuluke ndipo amafunikira kusamalidwa kwina. Izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mitundu yambiri ya ku Asia, komanso mitengo ya miyala ndi mapiri. Zipatso zonse za gulu lino zikumera m'dzinja kapena m'nyengo yozizira. Kungokhala pansi, mbewu zimatha kumera patapita zaka zambiri.
Mitundu yambiri ya mitunduyi imakhala yolimba kwambiri (shell) yomwe imayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Olima wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amapanga "kudula" pa pericarp, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa mphukira. Kupanga maziko a mbewu (moyang'anizana ndi phiko) ndi fayilo yaing'ono ingathandizenso (imani mwamsanga, mutangofika pamunsi, mutsegula pang'ono chipolopolo). Kuonjezerapo, zimapangitsa kuti zipangizo zowonongeka mu hydrogen peroxide zikhale maola angapo, kenako zimatsukidwa bwino. Kapena mungathe kulowetsa lionfish m'madzi otentha kwa tsiku.
Werengani momwe mungamere maple a nyumba (abutilon).
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo chipolopolo chachikulu ndi kuukitsa mwana wosabadwayo, zimbani mbeu kwa miyezi imodzi kapena ziwiri m'chipinda chofunda (kutentha kwa 20-30 ºC). Zolakwika pa nthawi yomwe ikugwirizana ndi kusowa kwa deta yolondola pa mbeu za mtundu uliwonse wa mapulo.
Kenaka, timayambitsa "delamination" yozizira. Pochita izi, zokolola ziyenera kuikidwa m'matumba apulasitiki ndi zipper (pafupifupi nsomba 20 zophimba mapiko), kupanga zochepa za peat moss kapena zovala zina zomwe zimalimbikitsa kumera. Tumizani phukusi ku firiji. Pakatha masabata awiri, yesani ma phukusi kuti pasakhale zizindikiro za nkhungu kapena desiccation mkati.
Mitundu yambiri imakhala yosachepera 90 ndi masiku okwanira 180 kuti ikule.
Ndikofunikira! Musayembekezere kuti mbeu iliyonse idzaphuka. Dziwani kuti zimamera 20% ya krylatok.
Mbewu kumera mu nthaka
Mungayambe kukula mbande kuchokera ku mbewu mu thireyi m'nyumba kapena kuzibzala panja pambuyo pa kutentha kwa chisanu.
Ngati mukufuna kuteteza chomera ku zovuta zapachilengedwe, funsani chifukwa chake mukufunika kudula nthaka.
Kunja
Mu malo osakhala achilengedwe (m'nyumba), mbewuzo zimabzalidwa mu trays ku kuya kwa masentimita 2-3 ndi mapiko mmwamba. Ngati m'tsogolomu simukuyembekeza kuti musinthe zomera zazing'ono, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kuyendetsa mtunda wa mamita awiri pakati pa mbande. Komabe, ndibwino kuti tipeze lionfish pamtunda wapafupi - mutha kukhala ndi mwayi wosankha zitsanzo zabwino ndikuziika panja. Zomera zimabzala madzi. M'tsogolomu, onetsetsani kuti dothi nthawi zonse linali lofewa pang'ono.
Mphukira iyenera kuonekera mkati mwa masiku 14-20 kuchokera nthawi yobzala. Kumbukirani kuti mapulo amakula pang'onopang'ono: pofika pa September, kutalika kwa mphukira kudzakhala 20-40 masentimita, ndipo kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo kambewu kakang'ono kanakhoza kutambasula mpaka 50-80 masentimita.
Mukudziwa? Maple Leaf pa bendera la Canada amatanthawuza mgwirizano wa fukoli. Poyamba, tsamba la mapulo limaphiphiritsira ana onse ochokera m'mayiko ena.
Mumsewu
Kuchita ndi njira iyi ya mbewu yobzalidwa mbeu, yomwe imabzalidwa panja m'dzinja. Pankhaniyi, mbewu za nyengo yonse yozizira zili pafupi ndi chilengedwe, ndipo masika amayamba kumera. Komabe, chifukwa chakuda kwa chisanu kapena chisanu chisanu, kumera kwa kubzala zakuthupi pano kudzakhala kochepa.
Malinga ndi kukula kwa mbande, amatha kuziika pamalo osatha pambuyo pa zaka 1-3. Mukamabzala mbande imodzi, mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukhala mamita 2-4. Ngati mutabzala linga, mtunda ukhoza kuchepetsedwa kufika 1.5-2 mamita.
Kuti apange mpanda wolimba monga zomera: nyemba yoyera, calinifolia, aronia, spirey, lilac.
Kubzala kumachitika mitsuko isanayambe kukumba pafupifupi masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri ndipo pafupifupi theka la mita lonse. Maonekedwe a nthaka ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi gawo lapansi lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito kumera mbewu. Ndi bwino kuwonjezera feteleza todothi kunthaka, mwachitsanzo, kompositi kapena humus.
Pansi pa dzenje kutsanulira gawo lapansi pamtundu wa phiri, pamwamba pa "kukhala pansi" mmera, kuwongolera mizu yake. Kenaka tsitsani nthaka motero khosi lazu lilibe masentimita asanu pansi pa nthaka.
Mbeu itatha kumera, kusamalira mbewu sikovuta.
Pofuna kupititsa mapulo ndikuwongolera kukula kwake, funsani zochitika zonse za kudulira masika, nyengo yachisanu ndi chilimwe.
Kusamalanso kwina
Ngakhale mtengo wa mapulo umatengedwa ngati mbewu yosadzichepetsa, zomera zinyama zikufunikabe kusamalidwa komanso kusamala. Chisamaliro chiri mu nthawi yothirira ndi kuthirira nthaka, kuchotsa mtengowo wachitsamba cha namsongole ndi njira zina zambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuthetseratu zopinga zilizonse potsatsa madzi kapena mpweya ku rhizome, nthawi ndi nthawi, namsongole wamsongole mosamala ndi kumasula nthaka m'nkhalango.
Chikhalidwechi chimapirira mosavuta mvula, koma chifukwa cha kukongola ndi kuunika kwa mthunzi wa masamba ayenera kukhala madzi okwanira. Muzitha kuthirira mtengo nthawi zambiri, koma molimbika, kuti nthaka iume. Pa masiku otentha a chilimwe, pafupifupi ndowa 2-3 za madzi ziyenera kutsanuliridwa pansi pa mmera uliwonse ndi chitsamba chaching'ono. M'dzinja ndi nyengo yamasika, ulimi wothirira ukhoza kuchitidwa mobwerezabwereza - kamodzi pa mwezi.
Ngati mukudyetsa simunagwiritse ntchito feteleza kapena kuti munalibe osauka, ndiye kuti mu March-April chaka chotsatira muyenera kudyetsa tchire ndi superphosphate, mchere wa potaziyamu ndi urea.
M'chilimwe, manyowawo ndi Kemira Universal ngolo. (100 g pa 1 mita imodzi) kapena chovala china chovuta chokongoletsera kuti chikhale chosatha.
M'nyengo yotentha, mitengo yambiri ya mapulo makamaka pritenyat yomwe ingathandize kuteteza korona ku dzuwa loyaka moto.
Matenda ambiri a mapulo ndi powdery mildew. Pofuna kuchotsa, mtengowo ukhoza kupopedwa ndi fungicides; Topaz ndi Readzol amaonedwa kuti ndi opambana kwambiri.
Kusamalira mapulo kumaphatikizaponso kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zouma ndi matenda. Pakubwera kwa chisanu chisanathe, phulani nthambi za pachaka (chifukwa cha mphukira zazing'ono, korona idzabwezeretsa yokha, ndipo nthambi zokha zidzakhala ndi nthawi yowonjezera ndi kuzizira kutentha).
Mpaka nthawi yoyamba ya chisanu, mitengo yaying'ono iyenera kukulumikizidwa kumalo a rhizome ndi nthambi za mitengo ya coniferous kapena zofunda zina. Pamene tchire chikukula pang'ono, sichidzasowa malo ogona ndipo zidzakhala zosavuta kulekerera vagaries zachilengedwe.
Mukudziwa? Kumadera ena ku Japan masamba a maplewokazinga mu mafuta, zimatchuka Zosakaniza chakudya Masamba omwe amasonkhanitsidwa pamtengo amaumirira chaka chimodzi mu mbiya zamchere. Gawo lomalizira ndikutseka masamba ndi mtanda wokoma, wokonzedwa molingana ndi chophimba chapadera, ndi chowotcha zokazinga kwambiri.
Monga momwe mukuonera, mapulo - uwu ndi mtengo wosavuta, womwe ungathe kumera pawekha. Mapulo ndi okongola kwambiri mu kugwa, pamene masamba ake amasandulika kukhala a chikasu ndi a mdima wofiira. Panthawi yake muzichita zonse zofunika, ndipo mtengo woyamikira udzakula bwino komanso nthambi.
Mayankho ochokera pa intaneti:
