Cortaderia (dzina lachilatini Cortaderia) limatanthawuza kwa osatha herbaceous zokongola zomera za banja Nkhosa. Dzina lake limasonyeza chimodzi mwa makhalidwe omwe ali kunja kwa zomera - m'mphepete mwa masamba, chifukwa mu Spanish "cortar" ndi "kudulidwa." Tsamba la Cortaderia kapena pampas limawoneka bwino pa webusaitiyi ndipo chifukwa chabwino sichinayambe kupezeka kwakukulu m'nyumba zapakhomo.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Mu botani, chomera chimatchulidwa motere:
- - kufika kutalika kwa mamita 2-3, imapanga tiyi yakuda;
- masamba - osakanikirana, ophatikizana, ophatikizana, ozungulira;
- inflorescence - chowopsya chobiriwira cha siliva, 30-50 cm long;
- maluwa - makamaka aang'ono, amphongo - amaliseche, azimayi - ali ndi mbali yayitali ya silky amaoneka ngati pinki kapena siliva-woyera, pachimake kuyambira August mpaka Oktoba;
- dioecious chomera - maluwa ndi abambo ndi anthu osiyana.
Ndikofunikira! Pogula sapling, muyenera kudziwa mtundu wa cortage umene ukuperekedwa kwa inu. Onetsetsani kuti abambo amayamba kuwonongeka ndi kuyamba kwadzinja, ndipo akazi samataya kukongoletsa kwawo asanayambe chisanu.
Kufalikira
Chomeracho chikulima kumadera a kumpoto kwa America, Europe ndi Australia, ndipo chikhalidwe cha m'munda chimapezeka kuchokera ku nthawi ya Victorian. Zowonongeka zake zowopsya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa osiyanasiyana.
Zokolola za m'banja zimaphatikizapo zomera monga chumiz, udzu wa nthenga, awnless moto, timothy udzu, udzu woumba, udzu wa tirigu, mane balere.
Cortaderia imasinthasintha mosavuta ndi nyengo iliyonse. Kumtchire, amapezeka ku South America, kumene kuli mbewu zowawa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mapepala. 
Mitundu yotchuka
Cortaderia ili ndi mitundu yambiri yosiyana, yomwe imatchuka kwambiri ndi izi:
- Andes siliva. Zimayambira - kutalika kwa mamita 2, mapuloteni - oyera-siliva, m'malo mosiyana ndi ozizira, kumpoto amafuna malo osungirako nyengo yozizira.
- Monstrosa. Zimayambira - kutalika mamita 2, inflorescences - zazikulu ndi zoyera, masamba - imvi-zobiriwira.
- Patagonia. Zimayambira - kutalika mamita 2, mapuloteni - oyera-siliva, masamba-imvi-zobiriwira, m'malo mosiyana ndi ozizira.
- Pumila. Zimayambira - kutalika mamita 1.2, mapuloteni - chipale chofewa, masamba - imvi, zozizira kwambiri.
- Nthenga za pinki. Zimayambira - kutalika mamita 2, mapuloteni - pinkish, masamba - imvi-wobiriwira.
- Rosea. Zimayambira - kutalika kufika 2 m, inflorescences - woyera-siliva ndi pang'ono pinkish tinge.
- Silver Sunningdale. Zimayambira - kutalika kufika 2.3 m, inflorescences - zoyera.
Kugwiritsa ntchito popanga malo
Cortaderia imawoneka bwino pamaluwa ndi pamadontho. Ndibwino kuti azikongoletsa malo omwe simukukhala nawo kapena kubzala pafupi ndi malo osangalatsa ndi mabenchi okongoletsera ndi mabedi a dzuwa. Udzu umakula mosavuta, ndikusanduka m'minda yonse. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukongoletsa m'mphepete mwa nyanja yamadzimadzi opangira.
Chomeracho n'chokwanira kukongoletsa mathithi, kasupe, bedi la miyala.
Chomerachi chimabzalidwa pamaboma kapena nyumba, pamwambo uwu, kutentha kuchokera pa mwala kumathandizira kukula kwa pampas udzu. M'maonekedwe a munda umayang'ana bwino ngati chomera chapakati chozungulira maluwa ena.
Zimathandizira kulenga mizere yolongosola bwino ndikuphatikizapo miyala yokongoletsera ndi minda yamaluwa.
Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, imafuna chiwembu chachikulu ndipo imakhala bwino ndi yarrow, euphorbia, vermein, cosmea, giant rudbeckia, echinacea, komanso tirigu osiyanasiyana ndi zitsamba zokongola. Ikhoza kuikidwa ngati khoma kapena ngati malo okongola kwa zomera zina. 
Kukula pakhomo
Cortaderia ndi udzu wodzikongoletsa wopanda udzu umene sufuna khama kukula, ndipo ndi wosavuta kusungiranso ngakhale alimi wamaluwa.
Zomwe amangidwa
Udzu wa pampas umakula kwambiri m'madera otseguka ndi dzuwa. Posankha malo otsetsereka, chofunikirako chiyenera kuperekedwa pa webusaitiyi, chatsekedwa kuchokera ku mphepo ndi zojambula. Udzu umakula bwino pamapiri, koma pakali pano umakhala ndi zokongoletsera pang'ono ndipo ukhoza kuleka kufalikira.
Chomera chimapirira zinthu zilizonse bwino - chilala, chinyezi champhamvu, nyengo yotentha kapena pang'ono chisanu. Komabe, m'nyengo yozizira pakatikati, ndipo makamaka kumpoto, ndibwino kuti muzibisala.
Mukudziwa? Pali nthano ku England ndi ku Ireland kuti ngati cortaderia ikukula m'munda wam'mbuyo, nyumbayi ndi chizindikiro chodziwika kuti anthu akukhala pano.
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Udzu wa pampas ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri ndipo ndi nthaka yabwino ya acidity, bola ngati imera ndipo imatonthozedwa bwino. Maiko a Cortaderia ali mu dzenje lakuya kwambiri muzu wake ndi sitepe ya 1.5-2 m.
Gombe likukumba pang'ono pang'ono kuposa mizu ya mmera; ngalande kuchokera ku miyala ya miyala, miyala kapena udothi wowonjezera ndi zida za kompositi zimayikidwa pansi pa dzenje.
Chaka chilichonse kumayambiriro kwa kasupe muyenera kudyetsa chomeracho ndi zovuta zamchere feteleza.
Zomera zovuta mchere zimaphatikizapo monga "Master", "Kemira", "Sudarushka", "AgroMaster", "Plantafol".
Kudulira kwa inflorescences ndi ma masamba wakufa kumachitika masika.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Udzu wa pampas - chomera chomwe chingathe kulimbana ndi mvula yambiri ndi chilala. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukula kwake koyenera kumafuna madzi okwanira nthawi zonse. Kuchuluka kwa madzi kumadalira kukula kwa chomera; m'nyengo yozizira, chitsamba chimodzi chachikulu chikufunikira madzi okwanira 1-2 masiku 3-4. 
Kuswana
Cortaderia imabzalidwa m'chaka, kumapeto kwa March. Ndi kubzala ndibwino kuti musazengereze, kuti chomera chikhale ndi nthawi yokwanira.
Mbewu
Mbewu ingagulidwe pa sitolo yapadera kapena yosonkhanitsidwa nokha. Asanadzalemo, amafunika kuyendetsa ntchito (zovuta), chifukwa izi ziyenera kuikidwa m'firiji kwa mwezi umodzi. Pasanayambe kubzala, mbewu iyenera kuchitidwa ndi njira yofooka ya potassium permanganate.
Mbewu imabzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mu thanki yokhala ndi madzi ozizira padziko lonse lapansi, owazidwa ndi nthaka pa 3-4 mm, madzi okwanira pang'ono ndipo amaikidwa pamalo otentha komanso abwino kwambiri. Kuwombera kudzawoneka mkati mwa masabata awiri. Pamene kuyambira kwa kutentha, iwo amabzalidwa kutseguka pansi kapena kutengedwa kupita kumunda pamodzi ndi akasinja.
Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti njira yobzalayi imakhala yaikulu - mbewuyo idzaphuka muzaka zisanu zokha. 
Mukudziwa? Udzu wa pampas umabala mbewu zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, chomera chimodzi pa nthawiyi chikhoza kupanga mbewu zoposa 1,000,000!
Zamasamba
Cortaderia imakula bwino, choncho mavuto sayenera kuchitika ndi kubereka mbeu. Chitsamba chigawanika pambuyo pa chisanu - kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira kapena kumayambiriro kwa masika, omwe mbali ya mlengalenga ya chomera imadulidwa ndi shears ndipo chitsamba chimakumba.
Kenaka, muyenera kugawanitsa mosamala ndikukhala muzitsulo zokhazikika.
Kubzala, timabowo ting'onoting'ono tomwe tikukumba mopitirira 40 masentimita mozama ndi m'lifupi pamene mtunda wa pakati pa mbande ndi 1.5 mamita. Pansi pa dzenje ndikofunikira kupereka madzi kuchokera ku miyala kapena miyala, komanso kudzaza manyowa, kompositi kapena peat. Mosamala, osayesa kuwononga mizu, chomera chomera pansi. Fukuta ndi nthaka ndi madzi bwino. 
Zima
Cortaderia imalimbikitsa chimfine bwino, koma sichikonda icho kuphatikizapo chinyezi chochuluka cha dziko lapansi ndi mpweya. Choncho, kuti mbeuyo ipulumuke m'nyengo yozizira, iyenera kukhala yokutidwa ndi masamba ouma ndi udzu.
M'katikati mwa nthawi yophukira, chomeracho chiyenera kudulidwa ndi 30-40 cm kapena kumangidwa ndi chingwe. Kenaka, jambulani chophimbacho ndi masentimita 40 pazenje.
Ngati nyumbayi ili kumpoto, ndi bwino kuwonjezera chomeracho kuchokera pamwamba ndi filimu kapena nsalu yotentha. Izi zidzateteza cortaderia kutentha mpaka -25 ° C.
Zingakhale zovuta kukula
Mofanana ndi mbeu iliyonse, muyenera kusamalira masamba a pampas. 
Pachifukwa ichi muyenera kudziwa mavuto omwe angabweretse kuti awaletse:
- Musaiwale za m'mphepete mwa masamba ndi zolimba, kusamalira ndi kudulira ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala ndi magolovesi, komanso musabzalidwe chomera pafupi ndi misewu ndi masewera;
- kuchepetsa kukongoletsera ndi kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha maluwa kungasonyeze kwambiri mowirikiza nthaka;
- chomera chikhoza kufa ngati sichiphimbidwa m'nyengo yozizira, makamaka kumpoto.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti mupatse cortaderia mawonekedwe okongoletsera, m'pofunika nthawi nthawi kudula. Musaiwale kugwira ntchito ndi magolovesi okha, kuti musapweteke ndi m'mphepete mwa masamba.
Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
Cortaderia sikuti imadwala matenda ndi tizirombo. Aphid, powdery mildew ndi anthracnose (tsamba la tsamba) zingawonekere kawirikawiri pa zomera. Monga mankhwala, chithandizo cha zomera ndi fungicides chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. 
M'nyengo yotentha komanso youma, udzu ukhoza kuukira ndi kangaude. Kupewa izi, pofuna kupewa m'chaka ndi chilimwe ikuchitika kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ngati simungathe kusankha momwe mungakongoletse kanyumba kapena nthaka ya malo anu sizolumikiza mbewu zonse zokongola, musataye mtima. Cortaderia amakongoletsera munda uliwonse.
Zikuwoneka bwino ngati kubzala, komanso kuphatikizapo mbewu zina. Ndipo adzakopa chidwi cha alendo anu onse.
