Pamene sayansi ya kubzala mbewu inayamba kufika pachimake, mitundu yambiri ya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zinayamba kuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka pa chidziwitso. Munthu amafuna-asayansi akufunafuna mwayi watsopano. Mitundu ya strawberries "San Andreas" yapangidwa kuti ikhale ndi mtundu watsopano wa mabulosi, omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri, kuwonetsera bwino komanso kukoma kwa zipatso zambiri. M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane za zosiyanasiyanazi, kumvetsetsa malamulo odzala zipatso ndi kuwasamalira.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Zowonongeka zowonongeka "San Andreas" ndi chilengedwe cha obereketsa a America ochokera ku California. Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa mtundu uwu wa sitiroberi kunawonekera pafupi zaka 15 zapitazo.
Mukudziwa? Strawberry ndi mabulosi okhawo padziko lapansi, omwe mbewu zake zili kunja, osati m'mkati mwake.
Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, chizindikirochi chikutchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake abwino.
- mlingo waukulu wotsutsa anthracnose ndi imvi zowola;
- Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha, kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga kapena chinyezi sizimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke ku tchire;
- zipatso zimakhala zokongola malonda, zosiyana mu kukula kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi ena sukulu ya sitiroberi;
- zokolola zambiri komanso nthawi yaitali fruiting (May-October);
- transportability pa mkulu;
- pansi pa zofunikira zonse, masamu a moyo amakhala otalika poyerekeza ndi mitundu yina ya strawberries;
Video: kufotokoza kwa sitiroberi zosiyanasiyana "San Andreas"
San Andreas ali ndi zovuta zina:
- tchire tikufuna kuti tiwasamalire;
- Mitengo yambiri imakhala yokhazikika m'malo osiyanasiyana (zaka 3-4), mwinamwake mulu waukulu wa zipatso zidzatsogolera kuti adzakhale ang'onoang'ono ndi ochepa;
- Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zovuta nsabwe za m'masamba ndi sitiroberi nthata.
Onetsetsani kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukula kwa sitiroberi mitundu monga Pandora, Merchant, Irma, Wife, Wima Zant, Shelf, Capri, Florence, Bereginya, Marmalade, "Garland", "Darlelekt", "Vicoda", "Zephyr", "Roxana", "Kardinal", "Tristan".
Akatswiri amanena kuti chitsamba chokha cha sitiroberi m'chilimwe chimatha kupanga 4 fruiting pa nyengo yokula. Chitsamba chili ndi kukula kwapakati poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya strawberries.
Ndi yowonongeka, yozungulira, ndi sing'anga thickening. Pakati pa tchire pafupifupi pafupifupi 10 inflorescences amapangidwa. Strawberry "San Andreas" ikhoza kupirira kutentha mpaka -16 ° ะก. Ndipo kumadera kumene kuli kovuta kwambiri, ndikofunikira kumanga malo osungirako apadera. 
Zizindikiro za zipatso ndi zipatso
Zipatso za sitiroberi "San Andreas" zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zotsatirazi:
- Kawirikawiri kulemera kwa zipatso kufika 30 g. Zitsanzo zochepa zomwe zingatheke ndi 50 g;
- Zokolola zochokera ku chitsamba chimodzi ndi chisamaliro chabwino ndi choyenera - 500-1000 g;
- Zipatso zimakhala ndi mitsempha yapamwamba, mbewu zimakanikizidwira pang'ono ku zipatso;
- Mnofu wamkati wa zipatso umakhala wofiira, maonekedwe okoma ndi apamwamba (zipatso ndi zofewa komanso zowutsa mudyo, pali zolemba zochepa zowawa).
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti zipatso za zosiyanasiyanazi zimatha kuyenda mosavuta chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake. Ena wamaluwa amasonyeza zipatso ngati zovuta. Mbaliyi imalola amalonda aakulu kuti apereke katundu wawo kumadera osiyanasiyana a dziko linalake kapena ngakhale continent. 
Agrotechnics ya kukula ndi kusamalira strawberries
Froberberries "San Andreas" adzasangalala ndi fruiting yake yokhayokha komanso mosamala. Akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti iyi ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yomwe, popanda chisamaliro choyenera, sichibweretsa mlingo woyenera komanso zipatso zabwino. Komanso, kukongoletsa mbali ya chitsamba nayenso anataya.
Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe bwino mitundu yabwino ya sitiroberi repairman.
Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
Malo abwino kwambiri ogula mbande amatsimikiziridwa ndi azimayi ovomerezeka. Iwo adzakupatsani chikalata cha khalidwe, komanso chitsimikizo cha mankhwala anu. Kugula mbande pamsika, nthawi zonse zimakhala zovuta kugula mtundu wolakwika kapena mitundu yambiri ya sitiroberi.
Ndikofunikira! Strawberry mbande ziyenera kubzalidwa potseguka pokhapokha ngati chiopsezo cha kubwerera usiku chisanu chachepetsedwa kukhala zero.
Kwa iwo omwe sanayambepopo kugula kwa strawberries "San Andreas", timapereka malamulo angapo posankha mbande:
- Mukamagula mbande m'chaka (kumapeto kwa April - May), mvetserani kuchuluka kwa masamba aang'ono. Ayenera kukhala osachepera 2-3, osawerengera zakale;
- Masamba ayenera kukhala ndi zobiriwira, zobiriwira ndi tsitsi. Masamba omwe akufalikira amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vuto lochedwa necrosis la nyanga. Matendawa sachiritsidwa, choncho mbande imatha posachedwa;
- Dontho lakuda pa masamba limasonyeza kuti matenda a fungal alipo, amafota ndipo masamba amasonyeza kugonjetsedwa kwa sitiroberi mite;
- nyanga zikhale zowonongeka mokwanira, popeza kuchuluka kwa mbeu kudzadalira. Akatswiri amanena kuti ndi bwino kugula mbande, zomwe makulidwe ake ndi 7 mm kapena kuposa;
- Onetsetsani kuti muyang'ane mizu ya mbande. Mizu iyenera kukhala nthambi ndi kukhala ndi mtundu wachilengedwe ndi fungo labwinobwino. Ngati pali fungo lavunda, ndi bwino kuti musagule mbande zoterozo.
Malamulo asanu awa ndikutanthauza posankha achinyamata sitiroberi. Komabe, ngati muli watsopano kwa ulimi wa sitiroberi, ndibwino kuti mutenge nawo ku msika kapena anzanu a bwenzi lanu lapamtima.
Zomwe amangidwa
Kukula strawberries "San Andreas" kuli bwino m'malo omwe radishes, marigolds, nyemba, kaloti, mpiru, parsley, ndi adyo anali atakula kale. Koma pambuyo nkhaka, solanaceous kabichi ndi kabichi, ndibwino kuti musabza izi zosiyanasiyana zipatso.
Kusankha malo amtundu ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi chisamaliro chonse. Zosiyanasiyana zimakonda mawanga a dzuwa kumwera kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa chiwembucho. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, malo okwera malo ayenera kukhala otsetsereka, opanda mabowo ndi mafinya, omwe chinyezi chingathe kukhalapo.
Kutha kwa mnofu, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kungayambitse matenda a fungal mu strawberries. Mosiyana, ndikufuna ndikufotokoze nthawi ndi dzuwa. Kuchepetsa fruiting kungatheke pokhapokha ngati sikukwanira kokwanira, ndipo ngati kuli kovuta. 
Choyamba, mwatsoka, palibe chomwe chidzachitike, popeza simungasinthe nyengo ndi malo ake. Komabe, nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti masiku otentha kwambiri amayamba mu July-August, makamaka m'madera akum'mwera. Kenaka strawberries amayamba kubereka zipatso mochepa.
Zikatero, wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kutsogolera kukwera ndi wapadera makonde omwe amapanga penumbra. Mitundu ya analoji imabzala zomera zazikulu zouma kuzungulira sitiroberi (chimanga, mpendadzuwa).
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapangitsa pang'ono kukhala acidic kapena ndale acidity nthaka. Chifukwa chodzala, nthaka yakuda ndi yoyenera, yomwe ndi yofunika kuwonjezera peat.
Zingakuthandizeni kuti muwerenge za nthaka, momwe mungathandizire kubereka kwa nthaka, momwe mungadziwire okha kukhala acidity m'nthaka pamalowa, komanso momwe mungasamalire nthaka.
Ngati palibe kuthekera kofika pamtunda wakuda, ndiye kuti mitengo ya sitiroberi iyenera kudyetsedwa nthawi zonse, makamaka ikabzalidwa mumtunda wambiri. 
Ndikofunikira! Kwa mbande zazing'ono, mlingo wonse wa fetereza ukuyenera kuchepetsedwa kawiri.
Kuchokera pa nthawi zonse ndi khalidwe la kuvala kumadalira zokolola za tchire. Strawberry "San Andreas" imafuna mchere komanso feteleza.
Kwa kalasi, malamulo ovomerezeka a feteleza amavomerezedwa:
- Kudyetsa koyamba kumapangidwa mu Meyi. Panthawi imeneyi, zitsamba zimafunika nayitrogeni zowonjezerapo, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula. Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito 20 g wa feteleza amchere pa 1 m². Kuonjezera apo, m'pofunikira kufotokoza zinthu zofunikira: ng'ombe ndi mbalame zamchere (kuchepetsedwa m'madzi ndi kutulutsa madzi).
- Kudyetsa kachiwiri kumachitika pakati pa nyengo yokula. Kawirikawiri, nthawiyi imakhala pa nthawi ya maluwa a strawberries. Pa nthawiyi, zovuta zamchere feteleza zimayambitsidwa, zomwe zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Zambiri za mcherezi zimapanga 10-20 g pa 1 mamita.
- Kuvala kachitatu kumachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo yokula, pamene tchire la mabulosi akukonzekera nyengo yozizira. Kawirikawiri nthawi iyi imakhala mu October - oyambirira mu November. Panthawiyi, strawberries sakusowa nayitrogeni, koma amafunikira kwambiri phosphorous, pamodzi ndi potaziyamu. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a superphosphate ndi potaziyamu chloride m'matawu a 15-20 g pa 1 m².
Ngati strawberries salikubzala mumdima wakuda padziko lapansi, ndiye kuti feteleza zokhala ndi feteleza ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa nthawi zonse. Pazinthu izi, manyowa ovunda abwino kapena humus (kuti apange masika ndi autumn). Kwa 5 mamita 15-20 makilogalamu a zinthu zakuthupi amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Video: Kodi manyowa a strawberries
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Kuthirira kumayenera kusinthidwa ngati kulimbikitsa ulimi wothirira. Njira iyi yothirira madzi imathandiza kuchepetsa madzi omwe amayenda bwino muzu wa sitiroberi. Ndipotu, madzi ochulukirapo amachititsa kuti matenda a fungaleni, ndipo kuyanika nthawi zonse nthaka kumachepetsa kwambiri zokolola zosiyanasiyana.
Kuthirira bwino kumachitidwa bwino m'mawa kapena madzulo, monga masana angapangitse kuwonjezeka kwa madzi, kutentha komanso kutentha. Madzi okwanira ayenera kukhala ofunda, pafupi kutentha.
Tikukupemphani kuti muwerenge za nthawi zambiri kuti mumwe madzi a strawberries, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino nthawi ndi kudula masamba ndi masharubu a strawberries, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito strawberries mu kugwa, momwe mungasamalire bwino strawberries panthawi ya maluwa, ndi zinthu ziti zomwe muyenera kuzibzala pansi pa strawberries kuti mukhale ndi zokolola.
Kugwirizana kwa kutentha
Mitundu ya sitiroberiyi inafalikira ku California, komwe chilimwe chilimwe chimatentha kwambiri. "San Andreas" imagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi nyengo ya California, kotero m'dziko lathu lapamwamba kwambiri lidzakhala m'madera akum'mwera. 
Ngakhale kuti nyengo imakhala yotentha, San Andreas amatha kupirira kutentha mpaka -16 ° C popanda mavuto.
Kubalanso ndi kubzala
Strawberry mbande bwino anabzala kumapeto kwa April kapena oyambirira - m'ma May. Zonsezi zimadalira nyengo ya chigawocho. Pakulima, mtunda wa pakati pa masentimita 40 uyenera kuwonetsedwa, ndi pakati pa tchire - masentimita 30. Njirayi idzawathandiza tchire kupanga gawo loyamba pamwamba ndikubala chipatso bwino.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mukadzala maziko ayenera kukhala pamtunda wa nthaka. Pambuyo mutabzala, ndi bwino kuti dothi likhale ndi peat, utuchi kapena udzu. Mulch amakoka chinyezi m'nthaka, zomwe zimakhala zofunika makamaka m'nyengo yozizira.
Mitunduyi imafalitsa m'njira ziwiri:
- ndevu. Kwa kuswana mwanjira iyi, muyenera choyamba kusankha okhwima sitiroberi baka. Tengani masharubu pang'ono ndi prikopat iwo pambali pa mabedi. Pamene ali amphamvu ndi okhwima, amatha kukhala osiyana ndi chomera cha amayi ndikuwongolera;
Mukudziwa? Froberries amatha kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mutu, popeza ili ndi mankhwala omwe ali ofanana ndi aspirin.
- Kusiyana kwa chitsamba. Sankhani tchire cholimba kwambiri, omwe msinkhu wake uli osachepera zaka ziwiri. Chitsamba chigawidwa mu magawo awiri ofanana ndikufalikira. Njira zoterezi zimapangidwa bwino mu kasupe kapena m'dzinja.
Phunzirani mmene mungabweretse strawberries mu masika ndi autumn.
Kukula ndi mavuto
Pamene mukukula "San Andreas" mungakumane ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, omwe ambiri amakhala okhudzana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Koma mavuto omwe ali pamwambawa amapezeka kawirikawiri chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera chodzala.
Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunika kutsatira zotsatirazi pamene mukukula strawberries:
- 1-2 pa mwezi kuti tichotse;
- madzi ndi mulch nthawi zonse kuzungulira tchire;
- feteleza ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi malamulo omwe tafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane pang'ono;
- Ngati nyengo yozizira isanayambe (kutentha kwa mpweya wamasana kuli pamwamba +34 ° C), kubzala strawberries kumafunika kukhala ndi ukonde wapadera;
- Kumadera kumene chisanu ndi chisanu ndi frosty, minda ya sitiroberi imayenera kutenthedwa m'nyengo yozizira.
Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
Pofuna kupewa matenda a fungal, komanso kupewa kuteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zosakaniza izi ziyenera kukonzedwa:
- 10 malita a madzi;
- 2 tbsp. l Asidi asidi%;
- 2 tbsp. l phulusa losakanizidwa;
- Magalasi awiri a sopo wamadzi;
- 3 tbsp. l mafuta a mpendadzuwa (omwe anali othandizira kuti azitha kutentha nthawi yaitali).
Zosakaniza zonsezi ziri zosakanikirana, ndipo zotsatira zake zimatengedwa tchire ndi nthaka pansi pawo. Ngati njira zothandizira sizikuthandizira, ndipo matendawa adakalipobe pa strawberries, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achibadwa.
Muyenera kukhala ndi chidwi chowerenga momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito matenda ndi tizirombo ta strawberries.
Kawirikawiri, "San Andreas" imakhudza matenda ndi tizirombo:
- powdery mildew. Ndikofunika kumenyana ndi chithandizo cha sulfur colloidal kapena potassium permanganate;
- aphid Kuwonongeka ndi mankhwala amadzimadzi a phulusa ndi sopo;
- sitiroberi mite. Iwo amachotsedwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa tchire ndi karbofos yankho;
- malo a bulauni. Pankhaniyi, yikani strawberries ndi mkuwa wamkuwa.
Ndikofunikira! Kuyambira sitiroberi tchire ayenera kuchotsa zonse zouma ndi kuonongeka tizirombo akuwombera.
Pomalizira, tifunika kukumbukira kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya strawberries "San Andreas" ndi yopweteketsa mu chisamaliro. Komabe, pokhala ndi nthawi yokwanira komanso kupezeka kwa chidziwitso chokhudza kuthirira, feteleza, udzu, etc., zokolola za tchire zidzakhala zapamwamba.
Mayankho ochokera ku intaneti
