Kodi kubzala ndi kukula phwetekere "Sultan"

Mu masamba otchuka komanso okondedwa, monga phwetekere, tsopano pali mitundu yambiri. Malo otchuka kwambiri m'madera otseguka a Russia ali oyambirira komanso pakati pa mitundu yoyambirira. Kwa minda ya kunyumba, phwetekere ya Sultan F1 ndi yabwino.

Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane zochitika ndi magetsi a kukula kwa mtundu uwu.

Zamkatimu:

• Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola
• Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
• Nthaka ndi feteleza
• Mavuto akukula
• Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba
• Kukonzekera Mbewu
• Zokhudzana ndi malo
• Njira yobzala mbewu
• Kusamalira mmera
• Kuwaza mbande pansi
• Zipangizo zamakono za kukula kwa phwetekere pamtunda
• Zochitika kunja
• Njira yobzala mbewu pansi
• Kuthirira
• Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira
• Masking
• Belt girter
• Kupaka pamwamba
• Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
• Kukolola ndi kusungirako
• Mavuto ndi malingaliro
• Ndemanga za phwetekere "Sultan F1"

Malingaliro osiyanasiyana

Matimati "Sultan F1" ndi wosakanizidwa wa m'badwo woyamba. Izi ndi zaka zapakati ndi zoyambirira zosiyana siyana za chisankho cha Dutch, zomwe zili ndi zinthu zoterezi:

• deterministic, compact, pansisized (50-60 cm wamtali) chitsamba;
• masamba obiriwira;
• mawonekedwe maburashi ndi zipatso za zidutswa 5-6 aliyense;
• kupitilira fruiting nthawi;
• Zomwe zili m'maderawa: North Caucasus, Lower Volga, Central Chernozem.

Zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zikule zonse pamalo otseguka ndi otetezedwa.

Dziwani kuti kusiyana kotani pakati pa mitundu ya phwetekere yodalirika ndi yodalirika.

Zili ndi ubwino wambiri: kukoma kwakukulu ndi zakudya zambiri ndi zakudya zambiri, zokolola zazikulu, nthawi yayitali ya fruiting, kugwirizana kwa chitsamba, chomwe chimatenga malo pang'ono, kudzichepetsa komanso kukana matenda. Chotsatira chimodzi chokha - monga ma hybrids onse, Mbeu zake sizowonjezera kufesa.

Mukudziwa? Dzina la phwetekere limabwerera ku dzina lawo la Aztec "phwetekere", chifukwa ndiwo zamasamba zinkachokera ku America. Koma dzina lawo lina "tomato" lili ndi miyambo ya ku Italy ndipo amatanthauza "maapulo a golidi".

Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola

Migwirizano ya zipatso yakucha - masiku 95-110 kuchokera kuwonetsera kwa mbande. Ndi teknoloji yoyenera yaulimi, mukhoza kutenga makilogalamu 15 pa 1 sq. M. mita Zokolola izi zimaonedwa ngati zapamwamba.

Wokhutira zipatso zofiira masekeli pafupifupi 100-200 g, pang'ono ribbed pafupi tsinde, ndi yowutsa mudyo zamkati wa sing'anga osalimba ndi mbewu zochepa. Khungu ndi laliwisi, silokha, lomwe limapangitsa tomato za mitunduyi kukhala yopepuka komanso yotsika.

Zipatso za zosiyanasiyanazi zimakhala zokoma zokoma zokoma ndi pang'ono zowawa. Ali ndi zowonjezera 5% mu madzi ndi 2.8% shuga. Zokwanira kwa saladi ndi mbale zina, zoyenera kutetezedwa. Amapanga madzi abwino a phwetekere.

Mitundu yodziwika ndi yowonjezereka ndipo imafuna kusamalidwa pang'ono, phunzirani za zizindikilo za tomato "Gibi Raspberry", "Star of Siberia", "Klusha", "Chokoleti", "Rio Fuego", "Riddle", "Katyusha F1", "Solerosso F1" , Stolypin, Sanka, Zikuoneka kuti Invisible, Lazyka, Torbay F1, Pink Bush F1, Bobkat, Bokele F1, French Grape, Lyana, Prima Donna "," Yambani "," Balcony chozizwitsa "," Cio-Cio San ".

Kusankhidwa kwa mbande

Mitundu imeneyi imakula nthawi zambiri mu mbande. Mukamagula mbande muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:

1. Sankhani zomera ndi zowirira, zamphamvu zimayambira ndi masamba obiriwira, mizu yopangidwa bwino, popanda ziwonongeko.
2. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mtundu wambiri wa masamba ndi masamba osokera ndi chizindikiro cha kuperewera kwa feteleza ndi nayitrogeni kuti akule mofulumira. Mbande zotero ziyenera kupeŵedwa.
3. Zitsanzo zosankhidwa siziyenera kudetsedwa, masamba opotoka ndi zizindikiro zina za matenda ndi kuwonongeka ndi tizirombo. Ngati chomera chimodzi chokha chikukhudzidwa, muyenera kukana kugula.
4. Mbande sayenera kupambanitsidwa. Kutalika kwa chitsamba sikunapitirira 30 masentimita. Komanso, mitundu ya deterministic pa tsinde iyenera kukhala ndi masamba 6-8.
5. Muyenera kusankha mbeu popanda wamkulu kuposa masiku 45-60. Sikoyenera kuti tigule mbande ndi mazira.
6. Ndibwino kugula mbande muzitsulo ndi nthaka ya michere - imakhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri, ngakhale mtengo wapatali.
7. Ziri bwino ngati chitsamba chilichonse chikukula mu chidebe chosiyana, ndipo zomera zochokera mabokosi zisabzalidwe kwambiri. Muyenera kupewa zomera m'matumba komanso opanda mizu.

Ndikofunikira! Nthaŵi zina kugula mbande kuli ngati lototi, choncho zotsatira zochitika mu anthu otsimikiziridwa, otsimikiziridwa. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti wogulitsa ayenera kufunsidwa mwatsatanetsatane za zosiyanasiyana ndi magetsi a kulima. Ngati wogulitsa ali ndi chidziwitso chodziwitsa ichi, mwayi wa kugula bwino ndi wapamwamba. Sitiyenera kugula m'malo osiyanasiyana, chifukwa pali nthendayi ya matenda alionse a tomato.

Nthaka ndi feteleza

Nthata imatha kumera pafupifupi dothi lililonse, yopatsa mchenga wolemera kwambiri wa mchenga kapena loamy ndi pH ya 5-6. Kwa tomato, muyenera kusankha mabedi, omwe kale analikukula, kabichi, nkhaka, mizu, nandolo ndi masamba ena.

Ndizosayenera kubzala tomato pambuyo pa zina solanaceous (mbatata, eggplants, Physalis), popeza ali ndi matenda ofanana ndi tizirombo. Komanso pa tsambali sayenera kukhala madzi ochepa.

Kubereka kwa nthaka ndi kofunikira kwa tomato, chifukwa amatenga zakudya zochuluka kuchokera kwa iwo kuti akule bwino. Pakuyambitsa mizu, zomera zimasowa makamaka phosphorous, ndipo panthawi yotsatira (maluwa ndi fruiting), potaziyamu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi iyo.

Tsopano, pokhudzana ndi kuwonjezereka kwa zipangizo zamakono, kuposa momwe ine ndikufunira kuti ndidzipatse chakudya cha chirengedwe, mu kulima kumene "mankhwala" sanagwiritsidwe ntchito. Phunzirani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kavalo, nkhumba, nkhosa, kalulu, kalulu wa nthochi, mbatata, nettle, whey, mazira a dzira, fupa la fupa, fumbi la fodya, peyala ya anyezi, makala, yisiti kwa kukula kwa zomera.

Zinthu zimenezi ndi zofunika kwa tomato kuti zikhale bwino kuwonjezera pa fruiting ndi matenda. Panthawiyi, kuchuluka kwa nayitrojeni kungapangitse kuchepa kwa kukula kwa mbewu, kufalikira kwa masamba ndi khalidwe losauka la chipatso, ndipo chizoloŵezi cha matenda chikuwonekera.

Ngati tsamba lanu silili lachonde kwambiri chernozem, muyenera kulikonzekera tomato kugwa. Ndi bwino kulipitsa ndi feteleza monga organic manyowa ndi kompositi, kuwonjezera phosphate ndi potashi feteleza.

Kuyambira kasupe mungathe kuwonjezera nayitrogeni zowonjezera. Tikulimbikitsidwa kukumba molemera dongo dothi ndi mchenga wochuluka (8 kg pa 1 sq. M), peat (5 makilogalamu pa 1 sq. M), manyowa kapena kompositi (makilogalamu 5 pa 1 sq. M).

Dothi losakanikira liyenera kuthira laimu kamodzi pazaka 3-4. Izi zachitika ndi mandimu; makala ndi choko angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pambuyo polowa mu nthaka ya zinthu izi ndi bwino kukumba ndikusamala madzi. Njirayi imapangidwa bwino mu kugwa kapena osachepera masiku 14 musanadzalemo.

Phunzirani momwe mungadziwire okha kukhala acidity wa nthaka m'deralo, momwe mungasokonezere nthaka.

Mavuto akukula

Nyamayi iyenera kukhala yowonjezereka m'madera owala kwambiri, dzuwa limatentha. Kuwala kokwanira kumafoola zomera, kumachepetsa kukula kwake ndi zipatso zake. Tsiku lowala kwambiri pa maola 12-14.

Kumera kwa mbeu kumakhala kutentha kwa 14-16 ° C, ndipo kutentha kwakukulu kwa kumera ndi 20-25 ° C. Pamene kutentha kudumpha kufika 10 ° C, kukula kumatha, ndipo pamene kugwera ku -1 ° C, zomera zimamwalira. Kukwanitsa kubzala ndi kubereka zipatso kumatayika pa kutentha pansi pa 15 ° C ndi pamwamba pa 35 ° C.

Matendawa ndi olepheretsa chilala, koma kuti mukolole bwino muyenera kuthirira mbewuzo pambuyo poti chisa cha pamwamba chiuma. Koma kwa chinyezi cha mlengalenga, iwo sakufuna konse. Zomwe zili bwino kwa iwo ali 45-60% chinyezi ndi 65-75% chinyezi padziko lapansi.

Zomera ziyenera kukhala ndi mpweya - mabedi sangathe kukulitsidwa, ndibwino kuti amasule nthaka.

Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba

Ambiri amadalira mbande za phwetekere paokha. Izi zingachitike kunyumba.

Pezani nthawi yofesa tomato kuti muzitha kubzala mbeu, momwe mungapangire mankhwala opangira mbeu, momwe mungapulumutse malo ndi nthaka mutabzala mbande.

Kukonzekera Mbewu

Musanafese, werengani mosamala zonse zolemba pa phukusi. Nthanga za phwetekere kuchokera kumapangidwe odziwika bwino safunikiranso chithandizo chokonzekera.

Chinthu chochuluka chomwe chinagulidwa ndi kulemera ndikuchiritsidwa bwino ndi 1% yothetsera magnesium permanganate. Kuti tichite zimenezi, 1 g ya mankhwalayo imatsitsimutsidwa mu 100 ml ya madzi ndikuyika mbewuzo mukulingalira mu njirayi kwa mphindi 20. Kenaka sambani ndi madzi.

3-4 masiku asanadzalemo, ndizomveka kuti zilowerere mbewu za tomato kwa maola 7-8 mu phulusa yankho, losakaniza molingana ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre 1 tbsp. supuni ya phulusa kuchokera m'nkhalango. Mbewu idzaphulika ndi kutenga zofunikira zofunika kuchokera ku njira yothetsera. Ndiye ayenera kutsukidwa, kudzazidwa m'thumba ndi kuikidwa masiku atatu pamalo ozizira kuti aumitse.

Ndikofunikira! Mbewu ikhoza kuumitsidwa mu firiji, koma iyenera kuikidwa pa alumali - palibe mufiriji.

Zokhudzana ndi malo

Yabwino kwambiri kumera mbande za tomato zogwirizana ndi mawindo akuyang'ana kum'mwera. Ngati simungathe kuunikira bwino ndi bwino kuyambitsa magetsi. Kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala pafupi 18-25 ° C, ndipo usiku uyenera kukhala 12-15 ° C. Ngati mpweya uli wouma chifukwa cha ntchito yotentha, ndibwino kuti mbewuzo zizitha kupopedwa ndi madzi kuchokera pa sprayer 1-2 nthawi tsiku lililonse.

Mukhoza kukula mbande m'njira ziwiri:

1. Ndi kusankha. Pankhaniyi, mutha kusankha cholingacho chaching'ono chakusabzala, ndipo mutatha kumera pamtunda wa masamba 1-2, muwapatseni m'mitsuko ndi gawo la zakudya zomwe zidzakhale pansi.
2. Osasankha. Pankhaniyi, mbewuzo zimabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo mu thanki, zomwe tomato zidzakula musanadzalemo pansi. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito makaseti, mapepala apulasitiki, miphika ya peat ndi zina zina zoyenera. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chinali chakuya kwambiri (12-17 cm) ndi lalikulu (12-17 cm) kwa mbande, chinali ndi dzenje lakuda.

Matanki akhoza kudzazidwa ndi dothi lapadera la mbande za phwetekere, kugula izo mu sitolo. Mungathe kuziphika nokha mwa kusakaniza munda wa dothi ndi humus ndi peat mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1: 1 ndikuwonjezera 0,5 malita a phulusa ndi masewera awiri a superphosphate mu chidebe cha osakaniza opezeka.

Dziwani bwino zomwe mungachite kuti nthaka isagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwake.

Nthaka isanayambe kubzala mbewu zokonzedweratu iyenera kukhala yotetezedwa mwachitsulo. Kuchita izi, njira yosavuta kwambiri kutsanulira madzi otentha kapena yankho la potaziyamu permanganate.

Njira yobzala mbewu

Nthaka yokhala ndi makonzedwe okonzedwa bwino iyenera kukhala yothira. Ndi njira yolima ndi chosankha m'bokosi, grooves amapangidwa ndi masentimita 1 masentimita ndi pakati pa mizere ya 3-5 masentimita Mbeu zokonzedweratu zimayikidwa mwaukhondo patali pafupifupi 1-2 masentimita wina ndi mzake (zofiira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito).

Kenaka grooves ndi owazidwa pamwamba pa lotayirira nthaka ndi wothira utsi. Kuchokera pamwamba, chidebecho chimadzazidwa ndi filimu ndikuyika malo otentha kuti amere. Ena amaika batri yotentha.

Ndikofunika kuyendetsa chinyezi chokwanira cha thanki, mutsegule filimuyi ndikugwedeza madontho a madzi, dothi lizipuma kwa mphindi zingapo. Ndi kusowa chinyezi ndikofunikira kupopera nthaka ndi madzi, ndipo ndiwonjezera - kutsegula filimuyi.

Zomwezo zimachitika ndi njira yakukula popanda kusankha. Pakani iliyonse perekani maenje 2-3 ndi kuya kwa masentimita 1 ndikufesa mbewu imodzi.

Pa kutentha kwa 25-28 ° C kukuwombera kumawonekera masiku 3-4, pa 20-25 ° C - kale pa tsiku lachisanu.

Mukudziwa? Tomato anauzidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1500 kupita ku Spain ndi Portugal, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko pang'onopang'ono kufalikira kudutsa ku Ulaya ndiyeno kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi. Poyamba, iwo sankawoneke kuti anali odyera ndipo anali okalamba ngati chomera chodabwitsa. Choyamba chophikira kudya pogwiritsa ntchito tomato chinkaperekedwa m'buku la kuphika kuchokera ku Naples mu 1692 ndipo wolemba mabukuyo adanena za zakudya za ku Spain.

Video: momwe mungabzalitsire tomato

Kusamalira mmera

Mphukira itangoyamba, zitsulozo zimasamutsidwa kumalo owala (pazenera). Timapereka madzi okwanira ndi madzi otentha a 15-22 ° C, zina zowunikira ndi nyali za fulorosenti kapena phytolamps. Ndi bwino kuika zidazo pa thiresi ndipo nthawi zina zimawonekera 180 ° kuwindo kuti mbande zikulumikiza kuunika siziri limodzi.

Pa masiku ofunda, tikulimbikitsidwa kutulutsa nyemba pa khonde kuti tipewe, kapena kuti tipewe chipinda chomwe chimakula. Asanayambe kutuluka, tomato ayenera kukhala usiku wonse pabwalo ndi mawindo otseguka. Pa nthawi yomweyo, nkofunikanso kuwapatsa mtundu wotentha wotsekemera, chifukwa galasi imakhala ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet.

2-3 pambuyo pa mbande ziyenera kuyamba kudya ndikuzipanga mlungu uliwonse. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zokhazokha (mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito biohumus) kapena zovuta zamchere feteleza, zosungunuka m'madzi chifukwa chaichi.

Pezani nthawi komanso momwe mungadyetse mbande za phwetekere.

Kuwopsya kwa mbande za phwetekere kumayenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono, kuyambira 10-15 mphindi pa tsiku, mwinamwake mbewu zimatha kutentha kwa dzuwa

Kuwaza mbande pansi

Mbeu imabzalidwa pamalo osatha pansi pa masiku 45 mpaka 60, ikadali ndi masamba 6-8.

Kum'mwera kwa zigawo za Russia, mbande za pakati-zoyambirira za phwetekere zimabzalidwa kuyambira April 15 mpaka May 1. Kumadera apakati muzichita kuyambira May 1-15. Nthawi zambiri kutentha kwa mpweya nthawiyi sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa 12 ° C. Ndiponso, kuopsya kwa chisanu kuyenera kupeŵedwa.

Koma ndibwino kwambiri kubzala mbande za phwetekere pamene kutentha kwa usiku sikutsika kuposa 15 ° C, ndipo kutentha kwa masana ndi pafupi 22-25 ° C. Ndibwino kuti mukhale pa tsiku lamadzulo kapena madzulo, kuti zomera zisamakhale bwino mu malo atsopano dzuwa lisanawonekere.

Mbande za mitundu yochepa ya phwetekere "Sultan" imabzalidwa pamtunda wa 35-40 masentimita pakati pa ziphuphu ndi masentimita 50 cm; Iyenera kuthiriridwa bwino musanalowe pansi. Maenje amapangidwira pa bayonet a madzi, madzi, ndi feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito (humus, kompositi, phulusa). Chomeracho chimachotsedwa mosamala mu tangi ndi clod ya dziko lapansi, kuikidwa mu dzenje, mosakanizidwa ndi dziko lapansi ndi kuthirira.

Mudzidziwe nokha ndi mfundo za kubzala tomato lotseguka pansi ndi wowonjezera kutentha.

Mabedi ndi mbande zokha zokha ziyenera kujambulidwa ndi filimu, ngati kuli kofunikira, kufikira nyengo yozizira itakhazikitsidwa. Mbande zikhoza kubzalidwa kale, pogwiritsa ntchito wowonjezera kutentha kwa izi, koma mu May-June ziyenera kuziikidwa

Zipangizo zamakono za kukula kwa phwetekere pamtunda

Kulima tomato kumunda kuli ndi makhalidwe ake.

Zochitika kunja

Kumadera akum'mwera a Russia, izi zimakhala zovuta kumunda; M'madera ena, kumadera akummwera, malo otentha amafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kawirikawiri, m'madera ofunda, kutentha kwa mpweya kumabzala mbeu ya tomato pansi pa khumi pa April - malo ogona, ndipo kumapeto kwa April-May - mutseguka.

Phunzirani momwe mungapangire wowonjezera kutentha, momwe mungasankhire chophimba cha mabedi.

Kuti kulima phwetekere pamtengowo uyenera kusankha malo a dzuwa ndi kukonzekera nthaka, kuti imere. Ndibwino kuchita maphunziro oterewa mu kugwa. Pakati pa chisanu, mphukira zotetezedwa zimatetezedwa ndi chivundikiro chopangidwa ndi mafilimu apadera kapena zipangizo zopanda ntchito (mwachitsanzo, lutrasil) yomwe imalola mpweya kudutsa. Mukhoza kupanga zikopa kuchokera ku pulasitiki (pulasitiki, makatoni, mapulaneti, ndi zina zotero). Ndi bwino kuwakoka pa arc.

Zimathandizanso kufesa mbewu za tomato m'mabedi ofunda, kumene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi feteleza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kumawonjezeka.

Ndikofunikira! Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka kungawononge osauka maluwa a tomato ndi zochepa. Choncho, nkofunika kusunga miyambo yolangizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza.

Kulima tomato mu nyengo yotentha kumasiyana ndi kubzala ndi kukonza nthaka yotseguka.

Musanabzala, nkofunika kuyang'ana wowonjezera kutentha kwa kutentha ndikugwira ntchito yowononga disinfection komanso ntchito ya disinfection. Pambuyo pochita ntchitoyi kwa masiku asanu, m'pofunika kutsegula bwino kutentha kwabwino. Monga pakufunikiratu, m'malo mwadothi kapena m'malo mwawo mutengere nthaka.

Pansi pa nthaka sichiyenera kupitirira 25 cm, chifukwa nthaka iyenera kutentha. Choyamba muyenera kupanga mabedi. Mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 60. Iwo amaikidwa chizindikiro pamtunda wa wowonjezera kutentha, koma mukhoza kuwulemba ngati mawonekedwe a W kapena P.

Chifukwa cha kutsika, zitsime zimapangidwira m'njira yovuta.

Phunzirani zambiri za kukula tomato mu greenhouses: kubzala, feteleza, mulching, pollinating, kuthirira, garter, pinching, matenda.

Njira yobzala mbewu pansi

Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha mbeu, kuumitsa ndi kumera, mukhoza kuyamba kubzala.

Kawirikawiri chakhumi cha April nthaka yayamba kale kutentha komanso yokonzeka kufesa.

Mu nthaka yokonzeka kupanga mabowo pafupifupi 37-40 masentimita awiri. Kenaka, amamwetsa nthaka m'mitsuko yotereyi ndi madzi otentha a manganese.Mukhoza kubzala mbewu zowuma ndi zisanayambe, pamodzi ndikugawanika pamtunda.

Izi zimachitika ngati nsomba yotetezeka ngati pangokhala kutsika kwadzidzidzi kutentha ndipo, mwina, kuzizira. Pankhaniyi, mbewu zowonongeka zimafa, koma zouma sizidzafa, koma zimangomera.

Pamene masamba enieni 2-3 akuwonekera, nkofunika kuti muthetse mphukira zomwe zawonekera. Kusiyana pakati pawo kuyenera kukhala 6-10 masentimita. M'pofunika kusiya ziphuphu zamphamvu.

Kupatulira kachiwiri kumachitika pamene masamba 4-5 enieni awoneka. Izi zisanachitike, dzenje limathiridwa bwino. Amasiya masamba amphamvu pamtunda wa masentimita 13 mpaka 15. Pamene kupatulira, zimamera sizimachotsedwa, koma zimakumbidwa pansi. Kenaka akhoza kubzalidwa pamalo ena kapena kusamukira ku malo omwe mulibe mphukira kapena ali ofooka kwambiri.

Pamapeto pake, tomato 3-4 amakhala ndi nthawi pafupifupi 40 cm pakati pawo.

Ndikofunikira! Monga lamulo, tomato yobzala mbewu nthawi zonse imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yosadwala kusiyana ndi mbande zomwe anabzala.

Video: zomwe zimachitikira kukula seedless tomato

Kuthirira

Kawirikawiri, tomato amawazidwa ndi njira yosakaniza kapena kuyanika. Yabwino kwambiri imatengedwa ngati kuthirira madzi. Ikhoza kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito botolo la pulasitiki labwino, lomwe limagwetsedwa khosi pansi pafupi ndi tchire ndi tomato.

Pogwiritsa ntchito payipi mu nyengo youma, tomato kuthirira ayenera kuchitika pansi pazu. Mukawawathira bwino, zidzasokoneza maluwa, zimathandiza kuti maluwa asagwe, kuti asamapangidwe ndi zipatso zake. Madzi otentha kwa ulimi wothirira mu nthawi yofunda sayenera kukhala pansi pa 18 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, ndi bwino kutentha madzi akudiririra kuti 25-30 ° C.

Mvula imakhudza kwambiri kayendedwe ka ulimi wothirira.

• M'chilimwe, kutentha kumatentha kamodzi pa masiku awiri. Musalole kuti pamwambapole uume. Kumalo otseguka, izi zimachitika mofulumira kuposa momwe zimakhalira kutentha.
• Komanso, nyengo yamphepo imathandizanso kuti dothi liume. Ndi mphepo yowonongeka, kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zambiri.
• Ndikofunika kwambiri kuchepetsa madzi okwanira pa mapangidwe a ovary. Ngati imalira nthawi yotereyi, ikhoza kutha ndipo mbewu idzagwa mwamphamvu.

Matimati "Sultan", monga tomato onse, amasankha madzi okwanira pamtengo, chinyezi chochuluka chimayipitsa zomera

Dziwani kuti nthawi yamvula ndi yozizira, m'pofunika kusiya kuthirira tomato kapena kuchepetsa. Mvula yosatha ingayambitse matenda oopsa.

Phunzirani momwe mungamwetse tomato panja.

Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira

Malo ozungulira tchire ayenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse, panthawi imodzimodziyo. Njira yotsegula imathandiza kuti mizu ipume; Kuonjezerapo, chifukwa cha ichi, nthaka yabwino imapangitsa chinyezi.

Kuti muthe kumasulidwa, mungagwiritse ntchito Fokin-cutter-cutter, yomwe idzagwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri ndi ntchitoyi ndipo nthawi yomweyo imakupatsani inu kuchotsa msanga msanga.

Kutsegula kumayamba mwamsanga mutabzala tomato. Njirayi imachitika osachepera 1 masiku 14. Kutsegula kumayenera kukhala pafupi 5-6 cm masentimita.

Nkofunikanso nthawi imodzi ndi kupuma ndi kumasula, kukwera kwa tomato kumachitika pofuna kupanga miyambo yowonjezereka ya chikhalidwe ichi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti njirayi ikhoza kuchitidwa ngati chinyezi chomwe chili pamwamba pa nthaka chidzasungidwa nthawi zonse. Hilling do, code amamera kukula kukula mokwanira, ndi kubwereza masiku 14-20 aliyense.

Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kumasula, kupalira ndi kukwera bwino kumachitidwa pambuyo kuthirira. Ndiponsotu, pamene dziko lapansi limanyowa, njirazi zimachitika opanda khama lina. Kuchokera ku nthaka yonyowa ndi udzu ndizosavuta kuchotsa kusiyana ndi kuuma.

Phunzirani kuchotsa namsongole m'munda.

Masking

Mitengo ya tomato yosadulidwa (deterministic) yosakanizika "Sultan" itatha kusinthanitsa nkhanza zinazake zimasiya kukula. Iwo amapangidwa mu 1-3 mapesi. Komanso, posamalira tomato, nkofunika kuti muwawononge. Chifukwa chaichi, pamene akukula, ana onse opeza ayenera kuchotsedwa.

Mu makumi awiri a August, nkofunika kupanga nsonga za pamwamba pa chikhalidwechi, komanso kuchotsa maluwa onse ndi zipatso zazing'ono zomwe sizinafike kukula kwa hazelnut. Koma tchire tating'ono tingasiyidwe - ngati chiyambi cha nthawi yophukira chidzatentha. Ngati chilimwe chimakhala chozizira komanso chimvula, mitsuko ina iyenera kuchotsedwanso kuti iwononge zipatso zotsalira.

Kum'mwera madera otentha m'chilimwe, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato "Sultan" simungathe kubwerera.

Masamba pansi pa chitsamba, komanso masamba obiriwira akulimbikitsidwa kuti athetse. Izi zimachitidwa mwamsanga kucha kwa tomato, komanso kukula zipatso zazikulu. Kufulumizitsa kukolola kwa tomato kungathe komanso kumaphatikizapo nsonga za mphukira zomwe zimabereka zipatso.

Belt girter

Mitundu ya tomato yochepa imakhala yosafunika nthawi zonse. Koma nthawi zina tchire la tomato yodzala ndi zipatso zimayamba kudalira pansi ndipo zimatha kusiya. Kuonjezerapo, zipatso zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nthaka, zimayamba kuvunda ndi kuwonongeka. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti kuthirira mbewuyi kuyenera kuchitidwa pazu, ndipo ngati phwetekere ili pansi, ndiye kuti kukhazikitsa madziwa kumakhala kovuta.

Garter ikuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

1. Kwa nsonga, yomwe imayendetsedwa pafupi. Njira yosavuta yomwe wamaluwa amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito. Ndi njira iyi ya burashi ndi zipatso zazikulu zomwe zimapangidwa mokhazikika ku chithandizo ndi chingwe. Simungagwiritse ntchito pa waya kapena nsomba, kuti musapse tsinde.
2. Ndili ndi trellis, yomwe ili patali ndithu. Pakati pao, pang'onopang'ono atambasula waya, kusiya masentimita 45 pakati pa mizere ya waya - maburashi ndi mapesi a tomato amangirizidwa.

Onani malangizo othandiza tomato kumunda.

Kuonjezera apo, zipatso zomwe zimagona pansi pa kulemera kwao pansi, mumatha kuyika matabwa, nthambi, udzu.

Matimati "Sultan" ukhoza kukula popanda magalasi

Kupaka pamwamba

Kulimbikitsa tomato ndi kuonjezera zokolola pamene akukula, pangani kudya. Manyowa a feteleza - ndowe ya ng'ombe kapena nkhuku zinyalala ndi zabwino kwambiri.

Manyowa wothira umasakaniza ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1 mpaka 10, ndi manyowa a nkhuku - 1 mpaka 15. Zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu madzi okwanira 1 litre pa chitsamba cha phwetekere. Zovala zapamwamba zimatha pambuyo kuthirira.

Kumayambiriro kwa fruiting, zimalimbikitsanso kuthira phulusa ndi kumasula nthaka, chifukwa mbewuyi siikonda dothi losavuta.

Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa

Tomato akhoza kutenga matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo. Kuzindikiritsa kwa nthawi yake ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zoyenera ndizofunikira kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yabwino yokolola.

Taganizirani zofala kwambiri:

1. Vertex zowola zipatso. Nsonga za zipatso zobiriwira zimakhala zofiira kapena zofiira. Zimapezeka pamene calcium imasowa, ndipo imatha kukhala chifukwa cha kusamvana komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwa potaziyamu ndi calcium, pamene chinthu chimodzi chimasokoneza kutuluka kwa wina. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, komanso kupewa, muyenera kuwonjezera 1 tbsp kunthaka mutabzala. supuni ya calcium nitrate ndi nkhuni phulusa.

   

2. Alternaria. Amapezeka ngati mawanga a brownish ndi madontho otentha m'chaka kapena kumapeto kwa nyengo ya chilimwe. Matendawa akhoza perezimovat pa zowononga zomera kapena kupatsirana kudzera mu mbewu. Zimakhudza gawo lonse la pamwamba pa chitsamba cha tomato, kuphatikizapo zipatso zobiriwira. Pamene zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda zimapezeka, tchire tiyenera kuchiritsidwa ndi "Skor", "Ridomil Gold" kapena njira zina zotsutsana ndi matenda a fungal.

   

3. Fusarium wilting tomato - matendawa ndi fungal. Matendawa amayambitsa mizu, ndipo tomato amawoneka ngati akusowa chinyezi. Chitsamba chimafota, masamba omwe ali m'munsimu amayamba kupeza mtundu wachikasu, tsinde lamdima ndi ming'alu zimawonekera. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa "Trikhodermin" kapena "Previkur."

   

4. Grey kuvunda - Ndi matenda a fungal. Zimakhudza tomato m'nyengo yozizira ndi mvula yambiri. Awonetsedwa ngati maonekedwe amdima omwe amakhudza kumtunda kwa mbeu (tsinde, masamba, zipatso). Mvula ikangotha ​​ndipo dzuwa limatentha dziko lapansi, vutoli lidutsa. Ngati tomato amakhudzidwa ndi matendawa, Euparine kapena Bayleton athandiza kulimbana nawo.

   

5. Kuwonongeka kochedwa - matenda osasangalatsa kwambiri kwa tomato. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa iwo pa zomera zimawoneka mdima, masamba amakhala a chikasu ndi kufota, zipatso zimayamba kuwonongeka. Wothandizira matendawa ali m'nthaka, akutengedwa ndi mphepo, akhoza kupita pabedi lakumadzi ndi madzi. Matendawa amavomerezedwa ndi mvula. Choncho, muyeso wa kupewa ndi kuthirira kapena kuthirira pazu. Simungathe kubzala tomato ndi mbatata, iwo adzalana ndi matendawa. Monga mankhwala opatsirana, Pentafag ndi Mikosan ali oyenerera, komanso pofuna kuyambitsa matenda oyamba kale, kukonzekera mankhwala Mufinito, Tattu, Ridomil Gold, Quadris ndi Bordeaux madzi.

   

6. Vuto la Vuto la Leaf. Kaŵirikaŵiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi kapena mkuwa. Makamaka kachilombo ka HIV kamapatsirana kudzera mu mbewu. Choncho, nkofunika kuti muzitha kuchita mbeu za disinfection musanadzalemo. Ndibwino kuchotsa tomato zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi matendawa. Pofuna kupewa, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti tomato sakhala owuma, ndipo nthawi yoyenera kudya.

   

7. Aphid Vuto lalikulu ndi tomato. Zimathandiza chithandizo cha masamba ndi phulusa. Masamba akhoza kupukutidwa ndi decoction ya yarrow, chamomile kapena fodya. Potsutsana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, pali mankhwala ambiri komanso mankhwala a biologics (mwachitsanzo, Verticillin).

   

8. Kangaude mite - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa masamba omwe ali ndi zida zazing'ono zoyera. Kukula kwa nkhupakupa ndizosakwana 1 mm ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuziganizira ndi maso. Chombo cha "Aktophyt" chidzapambana bwinobwino ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kawirikawiri, tizilombo timeneti ndi parasitic mu greenhouses kapena pamabedi pamene tomato amaphimbidwa ndi chisanu filimu. Choncho, kulimbana nawo kumalimbikitsa kuchotsa filimuyo kuchokera ku wowonjezera kutentha kapena tomato.

   

9. Ntchentche yoyera. Ndi kachilombo kakang'ono koyera komwe kuli tizilombo to mbeu iyi. Kuti muwachotse mu wowonjezera kutentha, muyenera nthawi zonse kuchita mpweya wabwino, gwiritsani ntchito matepi omatira monga nyambo. Mungagwiritsenso ntchito mankhwalawa "Bowerin."

   

Dziwani zambiri za tizirombo ndi matenda a tomato.

Kwa ambiri prophylaxis motsutsana ndi matenda ambiri, mankhwalawa akulimbikitsidwa:

1. Zipatso zikayamba kukula, tomato akulimbikitsidwa kupopera mankhwala "phwetekere wopulumutsa". Zimateteza kuchepetsa kupweteka kochedwa, macrosporosis, komanso imakula kwambiri. Monga kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, mungagwiritse ntchito gawo limodzi lokha la Bordeaux osakaniza kapena yankho la mkuwa sulfate mu chiwerengero cha 40-50 g pa 10 malita a madzi. Ndibwino kuti mupange mankhwala oterowo.
2. Thandizo lochokera ku matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mankhwala, monga kulowetsedwa kwa adyo. Pokonzekera, pafupifupi magalasi awiri a adyo amathyoledwa ndikudzaza ndi madzi otentha (madzi otentha sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito). Kenaka mpaka kufika pa malita 10, ndiyeno - osakanizika ndi osankhidwa. Mukhoza kuwonjezera potassium permanganate. Njirayi sichiyenera kukhazikitsidwa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamsanga mutatha kukonzekera. Mankhwalawa amachitika masiku onse 7-10.
3. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito njirayi mumakhala masamba, mukhoza kuwonjezera sopo. Mankhwalawa amachitika ngati n'kofunika - kawirikawiri 3-4 nthawi.

Kukolola ndi kusungirako

M'pofunika nthawi zonse pluck yakucha ndi reddened tomato. Ndiyiyi yonse. mamita a tomato wobzala "Sultan" mukhoza kupeza pafupifupi makilogalamu 15.

Kutulutsa gawo lalikulu la tomato kumayamba mu July ndipo kumatha mpaka theka lachiwiri la August. Chakumapeto kwa August, tchire ndi masamba amayamba kufa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Ndi nthawi imeneyi pamene kukana kwa zomera ku matenda ambiri kumachepa. Choncho, ndibwino kuti zipatso zabwino zichotsedwe kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa August, ndipo pamodzi ndi iwo omwe ayamba kucha.

Ndi nthenda yotentha yofiira mpaka 5 ° C kapena kuwonetsa mvula kutentha kwa 8 ° C, zipatso zonse, kuphatikizapo zobiriwira, ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa, mwinamwake sizidzatha. Ndiye pa tsamba muyenera kuchotsa tchire. Ngati kuchepa kwa kutentha sikukudziwikiratu, mbeuyo imabuka nthawi yake, ndipo mbeu imatha m'masiku otsiriza a August.

Masamba akafa, amatembenukira chikasu ndipo amadzazidwa ndi specks, koma izi sizimakhudza zipatso za phwetekere. Ndichifukwa chake, ngati palibe chisanu, anathira zipatso zobiriwira akhoza kusiya kuti azikwera pa tchire mpaka kumapeto kwa August.

Kwa tomato wofiira, moyo wothandizira wa alumali sudzaposa masiku asanu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamsanga pakukonzekera saladi, appetizers, madzi ndi zina. Matato osapsa amakhala ndi masamu oposa masiku khumi, ndipo masamba obiriwira ali ndi zambiri.

Phunzirani kusunga tomato.

Kwa nthawi yaitali yosungirako tomato zamzitini, mchere, kuzifutsa, kufinya madzi a phwetekere.

Chifukwa cha khungu lake lakuda ndi sing'anga zazikulu zosiyanasiyana za tomato "Sultan" ndi yoyenera yosungirako. Kuti tichite izi, tomato ayenera kutuluka. Zowola ndi makwinya ziyenera kuikidwa pambali, komanso zowonjezereka, zopanda mano, - mosamala mosamala m'mabokosi a matabwa. Ndi bwino kuphimba pansi ndi udzu, ndi kuphimba pamwamba ndi chivindikiro - kuti musaphwanye tomato. Kenako amaikidwa m'chipinda chozizira bwino komanso chosungiramo mpweya komanso kusungidwa kwa miyezi iwiri.

Pambuyo pake, kubzala tchire kungapereke nthawi yokolola. Zipatso sizidzakhala zofiira kwambiri, koma za kukula kwa mkaka. Awasungeni nthawi yaitali.

M'nyengo yozizira, mumafuna mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chilimwe, mukhoza kuwonjezera zozizwitsa zomwe zimakhalapo, amayi ambiri amadziwa kuphika adjika, madzi a phwetekere, mchere, tomato, saladi, tomato.

Mavuto ndi malingaliro

Pamene kukula tomato kungathe kukumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, tomato wonyansa ndi wodula. Izi ndi chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha.

Maonekedwe a mdima wofiirira, mabala ovuta kukhudza tomato amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa boron. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunikira kudya ndi boric asidi peresenti ya 5 g pa 10 malita a madzi.

Ngati chipatso chimakula, zimatanthauza kuti kupisa mpweya kwadutsa. Izi zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha (pamwamba pa 35 ° C) kapena, mocheperapo, otsika kwambiri (osachepera 10 ° C) kutentha kwapakati. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumathandiza kupanga mapangidwe a voids. Pofuna kupewa vutoli, akatswiri amalangiza kangapo pa sabata kuti agwedeze zomerazo m'mawa kuti apange ndondomeko ya pollination ndi mapangidwe a ovary. Ngati kulima kumachitika mu wowonjezera kutentha, ziyenera kukhala zowonongeka nthawi zonse.

Ngati tomato ali ochepa kwambiri, izi zimakhala chifukwa cha kukula bwino kwa maluwa, kusalidwa bwino, kutentha kwa dzuwa, kutentha kwa dzuwa, kutentha kwa nayitrogeni.

Choipa, kutsika kwa mpweya (zosakwana 50%) kumakhudza mapangidwe a ovary ndi kukula kwa phwetekere.

Kuperewera kwa mchere kumatsimikiziridwa kwathunthu ndi mawonekedwe a chomera:

• Kupanda nayitrogeni kumapangitsa tchire kukhala wobiriwira wobiriwira ndi kufooketsa;
• Phosphorous amadya masamba ofiira, amaletsa kukula ndi fruiting;
• pang'ono potaziyamu imasonyezedwa mu malire a mkuwa pa masamba;
• pa nthaka yowonongeka ndi kusowa kashiamu, nsonga ndi zina zokula zikuyamba kufa ndi kutembenuka wakuda;

Ngati masamba a tomato ayamba kutembenukira chikasu kuchokera pansi - izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kudyetsa chomera ndi potashi feteleza. Masamba ofiira pambaliyi ndi bwino kuchotsa.

Video: Ziwonetsero zooneka za kufooka kwa zakudya

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato "Sultan F1" imakhala yabwino kwa minda m'nyumba zapakhomo ndi malo amodzi. Ali ndi nthawi yaitali ya fruiting, yomwe ndi yofunika kwa eni ake ziwembu zing'onozing'ono. Mbeu zake zimagulidwa, ndipo mukhoza kumakula ngakhale kunyumba. Kulunjika ndi teknoloji yosavuta yaulimi idzakupatsani inu zokolola zabwino.

Ndemanga za phwetekere "Sultan F1"