Jamu "Phenic": makhalidwe, kulima magetsi

Mukamapanga jamu pachilumba chanu, mukufuna kusankha chomera chomwe chingasamalire kwambiri. Izi ndizo makhalidwe a Fenice osiyanasiyana. Mtundu uwu wa "mphesa zakumpoto" watchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa chifukwa cha zipatso zazikulu, zokoma, zipatso zabwino komanso zosavuta zaulimi. Pazinthu za kulima mitundu ya jamu mitundu "Tsiku" kukambirana.

Kufotokozera ndi makhalidwe

Mpaka pano, sadziwika ndi ndani komanso pamene kulima "Phenicus" (aka "Goliati") kunapangidwa. Ena amakhulupirira kuti izi zinkawoneka chifukwa cha kusankhidwa kwambiri m'madera akumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ya kuphulika, kuphulika kwakukulu ndi kuzipereka, kutentha kwa chisanu.

Mukudziwa? Ntchito yaikulu yopanga gooseberries inapanga British. Mvula yozizira ndi yotentha ya dziko lino siingatheke bwino pakukula kwa gooseberries, chifukwa pazaka zachisankho, a British adakwaniritsa kuwonjezeka kwa zipatso 4 nthawi! Pambuyo pake, mabulosiwa anatchuka ku France, Germany, Netherlands ndi mayiko ena a ku Ulaya.

Shrub

Mitengo imakhala yamphamvu, kufalikira, yamphamvu, imafuna malo ochulukirapo, kukula mpaka 200 masentimita. Mphukira ndi yayikulu ndi yamphamvu, ikhoza kukhala yolunjika kapena yokhota, kutalika kwakenthu, kupatula pamwamba, pamwamba pake. Masambawo ndi obiriwira, omwe amawoneka ofiira, akhoza kukhala ofewa kapena amakwinya. Mzuwu umapangidwa bwino, kufika kufika mamita awiri mozama, chifukwa chake jamu limalekerera mosavuta kuchepa kwazing'ono. Pakati pa maluwa, tchire timaphimbidwa ndi maluwa obiriwira obiriwira.

Zipatso

Imodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wa izi zosiyanasiyana ndi zipatso. Iwo amadziwika kukula kwakukulu: pa mphukira ya zaka chimodzi - mpaka 25 g, pamatope akuluakulu - kufika 15 g. Zithunzi zosaoneka bwino za vinyo wokongola, mawonekedwe ozungulira nthawi zonse kapena peyala.

Khungu ndi lolemera komanso lakuda, lophimbidwa ndi phula la sera, chifukwa mabulosi amatha nthawi yayitali pa tchire (mpaka masabata atatu) komanso pakapita. Palibe pubescence. Mnofu uli wobiriwira wachikasu, asidi ndi wofatsa, shuga amakhala wamba. Zipatso zili zokoma kwambiri, zimakhala ndi fungo lokhazika mtima pansi.

Ndikofunikira! Ndi mvula yaitali nyengo nyengo zipatso "Miyezi" akhoza kuthyola ndi kuvunda. M'nyengo yozizira ndi yonyowa pokonza chilimwe zipatso kukula ang'onoting'ono.

Zosiyanasiyanazi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yambiri yopititsa patsogolo zojambula zamakono (zipatso zimasungira mawonekedwe ake pamene zamzitini) ndikupanga kupanikizana, marmalade, marshmallow kunyumba. Chifukwa cha ichi, zipatso zimakololedwa pang'ono. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati kudzazidwa kwa kuphika, kugwiritsira ntchito gome, vinyo wokonzekera, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta zachilombo.

Phunzirani zambiri za zinthu zopindulitsa ndikukonzekera jamu: maphikidwe opangira vinyo, kupanikizana, kupanikizana, msuzi, jamu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Makhalidwe apamwamba a zosiyanasiyana

Zinthu zotsatirazi ndizosiyana siyana:

1. Matenda ndi Kutsutsana ndi Tizilombo. Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yakale komanso yosakanizidwa, imadziwika ndi matenda omwe amabzala onse - American powdery mildew, kapena laibulale yamunda. Pofuna kuteteza matenda, m'pofunika kudzala tchire m'malo okhazikika. Kawirikawiri, chitetezo cha "Phenicus" chili pansipa. Komabe, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatsutsa bwino matendawa.
2. Kulekerera kwa chilala. Silimbana ndi nyengo zochepa, koma nthawi yayitali chilala chimawononga mbewu, makamaka panthawi yopanga mazira ndi zipatso za zipatso.
3. Frost kukana. Zosiyanasiyana zimagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, zimalola kutentha kwa madontho kufika 30+ +35 ° С.
4. Nthawi yogonana. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yakucha kucha. M'zaka khumi zapitazi za July, zipatsozo zili pa siteji yowoneka bwino, kuchapa kumayambiriro a August.
5. Pereka. Amapanga makilogalamu asanu ndi atatu kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi kwa nyengo yokhala ndi makina abwino. Komabe, zokolola za "Tsiku" zikhoza kuwonjezeka kufika makilogalamu 20-25 mosamala. Fruiting imayamba mu tchire zaka 4, chiwongoladzanja cha zokolola chimachitika ali ndi zaka 8-10, chimatha zaka 25.
6. Transportability. Mitengoyi imasungidwa bwino pamtunda chifukwa cha khungu lobiriwira komanso kuvala sera. Zokonzedweratu kuti zikonzedwe zamakono.

Onaninso za mankhwala a jamu (powdery mildew) ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (moto).

Kubzala malamulo mbande

Kukula tchire kumayambira ndi kubzala bwino kwa mbande. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunika kudziwa nthawi komanso malo obzala mbewu, chomwe chodzala chiyenera kuoneka ngati.

Nthawi yabwino

Mukhoza kudzala gooseberries m'dzinja ndi masikaKusankha nyengoyo kumadalira nyengo ya m'dera lanu. Ambiri wamaluwa amakonda kukwera kubzala, chifukwa pa nyengo yozizira mbewu idzatha kukhazikika bwino, nthaka pafupi ndi mizu idzawomba, overgrown mizu (namsongole) idzakhazikitsa pansi pamtunda, ndipo masika idzakula mwamsanga. Mu autumn, gooseberries ziyenera kubzalidwa kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa September mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa October. Sungani nthawi yoyenera mwanjira yoti chisanu choyamba chisanakhale masabata awiri.

Pamene kumera kwa kasupe ndikofunika kwambiri kubzala mbande musanaphuke - chisanu chimasungunuka. Kwa madera osiyanasiyana, izi zikhoza kuchitika mu March, mu April, kubzala kwa mbande sikuchitanso. Kumbukirani kuti kumapeto kwa kasupe kumera kumera ndi kuchepa kwa mbeu ndizochepa.

Werengani za kusiyana ndi kulima mitundu ya jamu "Invicta", "Beryl", "Spring", "Honey", "Krasnoslavyansky", "Consul", "Malachite", "Grushenka", "Komandor", "Kolobok".

Kusankha malo

Monga tanenera poyamba, Jini la Finik limayambira kwambiri ku US powdery mildew, komabe n'zotheka kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka ndi kuchepetsa kuwonongeka komwe kuli bwino. Pofuna kubzala mbewu, muyenera kusankha malo omwe amasungidwa ndi dzuwa ndipo amatetezedwa ku mphepo yamphamvu. Mulimonsemo simungakhoze kulima chomera kumadera otsika, pafupi ndi madzi, m'malo amdima. Komanso kunjenjemera kwa landings sikuloledwa. Kumbukirani kuti chomeracho chimakhala ndi nthambi zambiri ndipo izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa powerengera malo oti mubzala.

Ndikofunikira! N'zosatheka kudzala gooseberries kumalo kumene madzi apansi ali pafupi, popeza kutentha kwa nthaka kumakhala koopsa kwambiri ku mizu ya mbewu.

Ndi bwino kulima mbewu loamy ndi nthaka yachonde, yopanda ndale kapena yochepa pH. Dothi lokhala ndi asidi apamwamba liyenera kuchiritsidwa ndi laimu. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yathanzi, yotayirira, ndi kupuma bwino.

Njira yolowera mofulumira

Ndikofunika kudzala tchire pa mitambo, tsiku lopanda mphamvu. Kukonzekera kwa mabowo ayenera kuyamba 2-3 milungu isanayambe kubzala, mbande imayenera kugulitsidwa osachepera masiku khumi pasanafike. Mwachizolowezi, kubzala jamu kumaphatikizapo magawo otere:

1. Poyamba, nthaka yomwe ili pa malo oti kubzala iyenera kukumba mpaka kuya kwa masentimita 20-25. Iyenera kutsukidwa ndi rhizomes ndi namsongole, makamaka ndikofunika kuchotsa udzu wa tirigu. Kenaka, muyenera kupanga feteleza zotsatirazi (zochokera 1 sq. M.): 7-8 makilogalamu a manyowa, 2 kg wa feteleza potashi, 4-5 makilogalamu a feteleza phosphate.
2. Kokani mabowo mpaka 40-60 masentimita mozama, 40 * 40 masentimita mu kukula. Ndikofunika kupatulira dothi lakumtunda ndi lamanzere kukhala mulu wosiyana. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa chitsamba chachikulu, nkofunika kuti mtunda ukhale pakati pa mizere ndi tchire: tchire tiyenera kukhala osachepera 1.5 mamita, pakati pa mizera iyenera kukhala mamita 2. Mu mawonekedwe awa, mabowo atsalira kwa masabata 2-3.
3. Mbeu zimalowetsedwa mu njira yothetsera mankhwala.
4. Pambuyo pa nthawi yeniyeni, pitirizani kubwerera. Chomera pamwambacho chimaphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi: chidebe cha humus, 200 g ya superphosphate, 2 g wa feteleza a potashi.
5. 1/3 ya nthaka kusakaniza imathiridwa m'dzenje kuti mawonekedwe apangidwe mkati mwa dzenje.
6. Mbewu imayenera kupeza mzu wa mizu, dothi liyenera kulimba pamene likudzala 6-10 masentimita.
7. Mbande zimayikidwa pamtunda pakati pa phiri, mizu yowongoka. Kenaka, chomeracho chimadzaza ndi nthaka yosakaniza yosakaniza, ndipo pamwambayo ili ndi nthaka kuchokera ku mulu wachiwiri (nthaka yosabereka).
8. Kenaka nthaka imakhala yochepa, zomera zimathirira pa mlingo wa 10 malita pa chitsamba. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yodzaza ndi utuchi, peat kapena humus ndi wosanjikiza wa masentimita 10.
9. Mphukira ya chitsamba ikhoza kukhala yokonzedwa pang'ono, kusiya 4-6 masamba nthawi iliyonse.

Mu mawonekedwe awa, jamu limakhalabe m'nyengo yozizira, pambuyo pake kusamalidwa kwa mbewu kumayamba m'chaka. Ngati nyengo yozizira inali yozizira komanso yaying'ono, chimeracho chikhoza kutenthedwa ndi china chilichonse chophimba.

Tikukupemphani kuti muwerenge za njira za kuswana kwa jamu.

Video: Kudyetsa jamu

Zothandizira

Popeza tchire lamitundu yosiyanasiyana imakula kwambiri, yamphamvu ndi yowonjezera, imafuna zothandizira. Ndibwino kwambiri kumanga zitsulo kuchokera ku zitsulo kapena mapaipi apulasitiki, matabwa ndi mpanda. Pakatikatikati mwa chitsamba nthawi zambiri 3-4 ziphuphu zimathamangitsidwa ndi kutalika kwa 50-70 masentimita, mapepala a matabwa kapena zitsulo zitsulo zimakwera pamwamba pawo. Kuzama kwa kusakaniza zothandizira ziyenera kukhala okwanira kuti atenge cholemera cha chomera chachikulu.

Zofunikira za chisamaliro cha nyengo

Kusamalidwa kwa nyengo kwa nyengo sikunali kosiyana kwambiri ndi kusamalira mbewu zina za mabulosi. Njira zazikuluzikulu: kuthirira, feteleza ndi kusamalira nthaka, kudulira ndi kupopera mbewu.

Kuthirira

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Phenicia" popanda kuwonongeka kwa thanzi imakhala ndi nthawi yochepa yochepa, koma palibe chomwe chiyenera kuleka kuti zisawonongeke. Koma waterlogging ndi yovulaza kwambiri kwa zomera. Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, tengani pang'ono mmanja m'manja mwanu: Ngati dothi limadziwombera kuti likugwedezeka, limangowonongeka mosavuta ndi zala zanu, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo sizimamatira manja anu kuchoka pansi, ndiye zonse ziri bwino.

Nthawi zonse, kuthirira kwa nthawi yake kumathandiza kuti pakhale mapangidwe omanga mazira ndi zipatso, zabwino kucha kucha. Ndikofunika kuthirira tchire pafupipafupi 2-3 pa mwezi malingana ndi nyengo. Nthaka iyenera kuthiridwa mpaka masentimita 40, chifukwa izi zikuzungulira chitsamba pamtunda wa masentimita 30 kuchokera ku mizu kukumba ngalande mozama masentimita 15 ndikutsanulira ndowa 2-5 mmadzi malingana ndi kukula ndi msinkhu wa chitsamba. Madzi ayenera kupatulidwa ndi kutentha kwa chilimwe. Onetsetsani kuti mumwa madziwo panthawi yopanga achinyamata mphukira ndi mazira a m'mimba (kumapeto kwa May - kumayambiriro kwa June), komanso pakupanga zipatso ndi kucha zipatso (kumapeto kwa June - kumayambiriro kwa July).

Mukudziwa? Pakalipano, obereketsa adabzala mitundu yoposa 1,500 ya gooseberries.

Kusamalira dothi

Pambuyo kuthirira nthaka n'kofunika kumasula, udzu ndi mulch. Chifukwa cha njirazi, "kupuma" kwa nthaka ndi mizu kumakhala kosavuta, ndipo chinyezi chimasintha pang'onopang'ono.

Chotsitsa choyamba chiyenera kuchitika pambuyo pa chisanu, chifukwa nthawi ya masika, chifukwa cha mvula ndi madzi ofungunuka, nthaka imakhala yochuluka kwambiri. M'nthaka yambiri, chinyezi chimathamanga mofulumira, ndipo mizu imataya mpweya wabwino. Ndondomeko yoyamba, kumasula kumatha nthawi iliyonse mukatha kuthirira, koma kamodzi pamwezi. Muyenera kuyembekezera kuti chinyezi chilowetsedwa m'nthaka, ndikuyamba kumasula. Muzitsulo zazitsamba, kumasula kumaperekedwa mothandizidwa ndi chopper kapena hoe ku kuya kwa masentimita 4 kuti musayambe kuwononga mizu. Pansi pa chitsamba, mutha kukumba pang'ono ndi fosholo mpaka kuya masentimita 10-12. Njirayi ikuphatikizapo kuchotsa namsongole.

Ndikofunikira! Kuyambira mu August, kumasulidwa sikuchitika kuti tipewe kukula kwa mphukira zazing'ono zomwe zilibe nthawi yowonjezera chisanu chisanafe.

Pamapeto pake, nthaka iyenera kukhala yodzaza ndi udzu watsopano, peat kapena kompositi 8 cm wandiweyani. Pa mamita 100 lalikulu. mamita amafunika makilogalamu 50 a peat kapena 30 makilogalamu a manyowa. Mthunzi woterewu udzakhala ngati feteleza wabwino kwambiri pakapita nthawi kukumba nthaka.

Kudyetsa

Malamulo oyambirira a feteleza:

1. Ngati mutabzala feteleza okwanira, ndiye kuti m'zaka zitatu zoyambirira simukuyenera kuwonjezera zina za potashi ndi phosphorus. Panthawiyi, mukhoza kudyetsa tchire ndi feteleza zopanda mphamvu malinga ndi malangizo (kumayambiriro kwa May ndi pambuyo maluwa).
2. Kuchokera chaka chachiwiri komanso nthawi yonse yachisamba, m'dzinja kukumba, zotsatirazi zimaphatikizidwa ku nthaka: 10 makilogalamu a mullein, 50 g wa ammonium nitrate, 150 g nkhuni phulusa, 80 g wa superphosphate.
3. M'nyengo yozizira, musanakolole, mukhoza kupanga organic supplements. Pachifukwachi, ndondomeko ya malita a 1: 4 imakonzedwa, ndiye kuti mcherewu umachepetsedwera ndi madzi kuti athe kuchepetsa ndondomeko ya 10 ndi kutsanulira pansi pa chitsamba.

Kudulira

Kotero kuti shrub sichitha matope osasuntha, anali wathanzi ndipo amabweretsa zokolola zochuluka, onetsetsani kuti mukugwira kutchetcha kwa nyengo ndi chilimwe. Mphindi yoyenera kwambiri popanga chitsamba ndi miyezi ya masika, isanayambe maluwa. Komanso kudulira kuyenera kuchitika m'chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa autumn, mutatha kukolola.

Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kuti muzitha kudulira kasupe musanayambe kuyamwa kutaya, mwinamwake nthambi zifooketse kwambiri.

M'chaka choyamba, muyenera kuchotsa nthambi zonse zofooka, pa mphukira zotsalira zimachoka mpaka 4 masamba abwino, ndikudula nsongazo. Panthawiyi, mpaka 6 zowonjezera bwino zitsamba ziyenera kupangidwa pa tchire. Kuyambira chaka chachiwiri ndiyeno m'moyo wonse m'chaka, nthambi zofooka, zomwe zowonongeka zimachotsedwa, ndipo mphukira za chaka chatha ziyenera kufupikitsidwa ndi 1/3. M'nyengo yozizira, m'pofunikira kuchotsa mphukira yomweyo kuonongeka ndi matenda kapena tizirombo kotero kuti matendawa asafalikire.

Dziwani zambiri za gooseberries yolunjika yolunjika.

Tanena kale kuti pachimake cha zokolola ndi nthambi za zaka 6-8 za moyo, komabe n'kofunika kuonetsetsa kuti pali zotsamba za mibadwo yosiyana pa mbeu, mwinamwake zokolola za zomera zingasinthe nthawi ndi nthawi chaka ndi chaka. Pambuyo pa msinkhu wafika zaka 10, nkofunika kuchotsa nthawi zonse zitsamba zakale zomwe sizinapangidwe.

Kuteteza kutentha kwa chisanu

Phenic amalekerera bwino nyengo yozizira ya frosty, kotero ngati kutentha kwa dera lanu sikutsika mpaka -35 ° C, mukhoza kuchita popanda chitetezo chapadera. Koma malo ogona a zomera zachinyamata angagwiritsidwe ntchito hilling - Muzu wa chomera uyenera kukhala wozungulira dziko lapansi mpaka masentimita 10. M'nyengo yotentha kwambiri, makamaka nyengo ya chisanu, chitetezo chowonjezereka kuchokera ku zipangizo zonse zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zosiyanasiyana

Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana:

• kukana ndi chisanu ndi chilala;
• amapereka zokolola zabwino;
• kukolola kwakukulu kwazaka zambiri;
• Zipatso zili ndi makhalidwe abwino, zimatulutsidwa ndi kusungidwa, zimatha kusinthidwa.

Chuma chaulimi "chimatha":

• Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwakukulu kwa tchire, kusamalira mbewu kungakhale kovuta;
• akuchedwa mochedwa;
• Mitengo imakhala yotetezeka kwambiri ndi matenda a US powdery mildew, makamaka pamene agrotechnics imasokonezeka kapena nyengo ikuyenda bwino.

Kawirikawiri, izi zosiyanasiyana zikupitirira kukhala oyenerera mpikisano ku mitundu yambiri yamakono, yodetsedwa. "Phenicia" sichikutaya malo ake chifukwa cha njira zosavuta za ulimi ndi zokolola zambiri. Mitundu yambiri ndi yabwino kukula pakati, monga imalekerera chisanu mosavuta. Komabe, phindu lalikulu la zosiyanasiyana likhoza kukhala ndikupezeka ku laibulale yapadera.