Salmonellosis nkhuku: zizindikiro ndi mankhwala

Mazira owopsa amawopsya: salmonellosis. Mkhalidwe wokhudzana ndi matendawa umayang'aniridwa ndi malo osungirako matenda, matenda a zinyama, zachipatala ndi zamtundu. Ganizirani za ngozi yomwe matendawa amabwera kwa anthu ndi nyama, chifukwa chake zikuwoneka, momwe zikuwonekera komanso, makamaka, momwe angagwirire ndi mliriwu.

Zamkatimu:

• Kodi salmonellosis ndi chiyani?
• Kodi ndi zotani kwa anthu?
• Njira zofalitsira
• Zifukwa
• Zizindikiro
• Pullorosis
• Njira zothandizira
• Njira zothandizira
• Salmonellosis mu nkhuku: ndemanga

Salmonellosis

Kuwonjezereka kwa matenda opatsiranawa sizowopsa: zimakhudza nkhuku, zimaperekedwa mosavuta kwa ziweto zina. Akumenyedwa ndi salmonella, famuyo imatayika kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, mabakiteriya amatha kupititsidwa kwa anthu mwa kuchititsa matenda oopsa komanso owopsya - salmonellosis.

Phunzirani za matenda ena a nkhuku - Matenda a Marek, aspergillosis, mycoplasmosis, coccidiosis, matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mazira, conjunctivitis, salpingitis.

Kodi salmonellosis ndi chiyani?

Zilibe kanthu kuti ntchito zaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi zimayendetsa vuto ndi salmonellosis, chifukwa kuukira kumeneku, komwe kuli koopsa kwa anthu ndi zinyama, kumayambitsa kuwononga thanzi ndi katundu, pamene kuthetsa izo ndizovuta. Mavitamini ake, mabakiteriya a Salmonella, ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi 2300, yomwe 700 imatha kulandira anthu ndipo 230 ndi nkhuku.

Matenda atatu a tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa amachititsa kuti nkhuku zisawonongeke kwambiri:

• typhimurium;
• kulowa;
• gallinarum pullorum.

Mukudziwa? Salmonella inapezeka koyamba pa mliri wa nkhumba mu 1885 ndi Daniel Salmon ndi Theobald Smith. Kuwonjezera pa kuti asayansi amadziwika kuti enterobacteria, apeza kuti tizilombo ta tizilombo tafa timapereka chitetezo chabwino ku matendawa, chomwe chinathandiza kuthetsa mliriwu kudzera mu katemera.

Bakiteriya anaerobic mwa mawonekedwe a ndodo ali ndi flagellum ndipo amatha kusuntha.

Icho chiri cholimba kwambiri ndipo chimatha kupitiriza kwa nthawi yaitali:

• mu zitosi za mbalame - miyezi inayi;
• m'madzi kuchokera mumtsinje - miyezi iwiri;
• mu malo osungirako zachilengedwe - miyezi 7;
• mu nyama ya mchere ndi kusuta - miyezi itatu;
• mu nthaka ndi manyowa - miyezi 12;
• mu fumbi la chipinda - miyezi 18.

Ndikofunikira! Nyama, mkaka ndi zinthu zina sizingangokhala ngati zothandizira, zimachulukitsa ndi zosangalatsa kumeneko, ndipo mankhwalawo samasintha mawonekedwe, kulawa kapena fungo. Anasuta fodya komanso amamwetsa mchere, ndipo amazizira kwa nthawi yaitali mabakiteriya owopsa kwa miyezi 4-5. M'nyengo yotentha, chiopsezo cha matenda onse a m'mimba, kuphatikizapo salmonellosis, amachulukitsa nthawi zambiri.

Salmonella imakhala yotsutsana kwambiri ndi:

• mankhwala;
• zotsutsa;
• yaitali (mpaka mphindi 15) otentha.

Kodi ndi zotani kwa anthu?

Anthu amavutika ndi salmonella kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kwa nthawi yaitali. Pambuyo pa mtunda walowa mu thupi, malingana ndi chikhalidwe chake, zizindikiro za matendawa zimawoneka pambuyo pa maola 6-72. Zikhoza kukhala zowala komanso zowoneka, ndipo siziwoneka. Pachifukwa chomaliza, ngakhale kuti wodwalayo savutika, komabe iye ndi wothandizira ndipo akhoza kupha anthu ena.

Mukudziwa? Chipangizo chodula pulasitiki ndi chachiwiri kwambiri ngati mtengo umodzi, mwayi wokhala wodutsitsa wa salmonella.

Kulowa m'matumbo a m'mimba, wodwala amakhala pamtunda wa m'mimba mwachinyamatayo ndipo amachititsa kuti poizoni azikhala ndi poizoni, kutayika kwa tonus ndi ziwiya, ndi kuwononga dongosolo la mitsempha. Nthawi zina zizindikiro zoyambirira ndizozizindikiro zamakono za catarrh pamtunda wopuma, kenako chimbudzi ndi kusanza zilipo.

Zisonyezero za matendawa zingakhale:

• kutentha kwakukulu;
• mutu ndi kufooka kwakukulu;
• kunyoza kapena popanda kusanza;
• chotupa chochulukira ndi kutayika kwakukulu kwa madzi omwe amatsogolera ku madzi;
• ululu wamimba;
• kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa nthenda ndi chiwindi, kukula kwa chiwindi kulephera.

Kawirikawiri, panthawi yake kufuna thandizo lachipatala, kulondola matenda opatsirana ndi mankhwala oyenera kumapangitsa wodwala kumapazi masiku khumi.

Musamanyalanyaze mdani wodabwitsa uyu: amayamba choyamba pakati pa matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zakudya. Amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu kwa ana: ali aang'ono, ovuta komanso otha msinkhu amadwala, makamaka ngati makolo akukoka chithandizo chamankhwala, kuyembekezera kupirira okha. Ana aang'ono amatha kuona purulent foci:

• mu pempho;
• m'mapfupa;
• mu nembanemba za ubongo;
• mu ziwalo zina zamkati.

Ndikofunikira! Matenda osakaniza ndi nkhuku zomwe zili ndi kachilombo kawirikawiri sizingasonyeze zizindikiro zilizonse, kupha mazira, nyama, mkaka ndi zinthu zina ndi ndodo. Pankhani imeneyi, poizoni wa anthu amayamba mosayembekezereka, ndipo zimachitika kuti, kuwonjezera pa chithandizo chawo, zofunikira mwamsanga zimayenera poyanjana ndi zinyama ndi malo awo.

Njira zofalitsira

Kukhala m'mimba kapena enterobacteria, salmonella imalowa m'thupi, makamaka kudzera mwa chakudya ndi madzi. Matenda amatha kuchitika kuchokera ku mbalame zakutchire kapena nyama, monga makoswe, ziweto kapena nyama zakutchire: zinyama zambiri zimagwirizana ndi salmonella ndipo zimatha kukhala magwero a matenda.

Ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito maulendo a ogulitsa osatsimikizika, mukhoza kugula chakudya chodetsedwa. Matendawa akhoza kubweretsedwa ndi munthu. Komabe, nkhuku zathanzi, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi miyezo yonse, sizikhoza kutenga kachilomboka ngakhale pamene zakhudzana ndi causative wothandizira matendawo.

Vuto lalikulu ndi matenda a chofungatira, chomwe chimachitika mwa mazira omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a nkhuku. Ngati anyamatawa atasungidwa pamalo osungirako, matendawa akhoza kufalikira mlengalenga.

Mukudziwa? Mabakiteriya amagwira ntchito yofunikira pamoyo wathu: Munthu wamkulu, padzakhala mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana osatha m'thupi lolemera pafupifupi 2 kg.

Zifukwa

Kulowa chakudya ndi / kapena madzi, Salmonella imayambitsa matendawa pakati pa nkhuku. Komabe, izi sizikhoza kuchitika ngati thupi liri ndi thanzi komanso limatha kukana.

Zovuta zomwe zingayambitse matenda ku ziweto ndi:

• kutenthedwa kapena kuledzera;
• Malo odyetserako msipu ndi / kapena nkhuku;
• Kufooketsa chitetezo cha nkhuku mu nkhuku pambuyo pa matenda atsopano;
• Kufooka kwa chitetezo chokwanira chifukwa cha majini amachititsa;
• Mulu wa ziweto mchipindamo;
• madzi osasinthasintha omwe mbalame ikukumana nayo pakapita.

Ndikofunikira! M'minda yayikulu ya mbalame, kuphulika kumatha kukhala patapita nthawi ndikukhala kwa chaka chimodzi kapena kuposerapo. Njira zokha zothandizidwa moyenera ndi kusintha kwazamakono kwa ziweto ndi kubwezeretsa madera azachuma kumathandiza kuthana ndi matendawa mofulumira.

Zizindikiro

Salmonellosis ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali, osachepera sabata, nthawi yopuma, ndipo pamene zizindikiro zake zoyamba zimaonekera, anthu ambiri ali ndi kachilomboka.

Komanso, matendawa amatha kuchitika popanda zizindikiro za mbalame, zomwe sitinganene za anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Pachifukwa ichi, Salmonella ikhoza kudalirika mokhazikika ndi njira ya labotolo yomwe imayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kwa magazi, zinyalala ndi mazira. Munthu wakufa amaphunzitsidwa mozama.

Omwe akukhala nawo ali ndi vuto lalikulu: Amapiko a milungu iwiri amayamba kudwala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, omwe nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi zilonda za m'mapapo, kuphatikizapo chifukwa cha matendawa.

Pezani chifukwa chake pamakhala miyendo ya nkhuku, chifukwa nkhuku zimayenda ndi zofunikira, bwanji nkhuku zotsekula.

Alimi a nkhuku ayenera kuchenjeza zizindikiro zotsatirazi nkhuku:

• nestling imapuma movutikira, ikuwombera, mlomo wake ndi ajar, ntchentche imamasulidwa ku mphuno;
• iye ali wofooka mwathupi, amachita zinthu mopusa;
• nkhuku yataya chilakolako chake, kulemera kwake kumachepa;
• kukula kumachepetsanso;
• Nthenga zimakula, ngakhale mabala a maluwa;
• mbalame imamva kupweteka kosalekeza, kumangokhalira kuda nkhawa chifukwa chaichi;
• mapiko;
• ziwalo zimachitika.

Mukudziwa? Pansi pazikhalidwe zabwino, bactamini imodzi yamatumbo imatha kubala ana okwanira kuti iipange piramidi ya mamita kilomita ndi mamita awiri. Mwa kupereka izi mamba, tikhoza kuganiza za momwe njira zotetezera zimathandizira izi.

Akuluakulu amasonyeza zizindikiro patapita nthawi, patangotha ​​mlungu umodzi atatha kutenga kachilombo:

• ziwalo zotupa m'milingo ndi mapewa;
• mbalameyi ili ndi mavuto omveka bwino ndi masomphenya, komanso mgwirizano wa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake;
• pa chivundikiro cha nthenga zikuwoneka mawanga;
• chisa ndi catkins zowonongeka, zotupa zimagwa;
• ludzu lalikulu ndi kutayika kwa madzi chifukwa cha kutsekula m'mimba, komwe kungakhale ndi magazi mu mawonekedwe ovuta;
• nkhuku zimasiya kulemera, mazira akuchepa;
• Kupuma kungakhale kukuwombera, goiter imatayika;
• kuyenda ndi kukweza miyendo kumayambitsa mavuto;
• Kumva kumatha kuvutika, pakadali pano nkhuku imakhala ndi chizoloŵezi chokhazikika: itayika khosi mwamphamvu, ili ndi mutu wake pansi.

Ndikofunikira! Musalowe m'manja mwa nkhunda ndi mbalame zina, ngakhale ngati zikuwoneka kuti mukusowa chithandizo chazilombo. Ngati mbalame zili ndi salmonellosis, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, simungamuthandizenso, ndipo mudzakhala ndi mavuto ngati matenda aakulu omwe akuwopsyeza. Musadye m'manja mwa nkhunda ndi mbalame zina zakutchire ndi zakutchire, musalole ana kuti achite izi, kuwawuza za ngozi yomwe ingakhalepo.

Salmonella imathamanga:

• mu mawonekedwe oopsa kwambiri - Nkhuku zowonongeka zimawopsya, zomwe, monga lamulo, zimafa mwamsanga;
• mu mawonekedwe ovuta - pakati pa anapiye akuluakulu a masiku khumi ndi awiri: amayamba kukhala otsika, mapiko awo amatha, amatha kudya kwambiri, samadya, amadziwika ndi matenda otsegula m'mimba, ziwalo zimachitika;
• mu mawonekedwe a subacute ndi aakulu - kawirikawiri nkhuku zazikulu, zizindikiro zimakhala zofooka kwambiri: mbalame imataya ntchito ndi njala, matenda opatsirana amodzi, kutentha kumatuluka, tsamba la m'mimba limasokonezeka.

Kotero, ndi mawonekedwe m'mimbaZakale kapena zosasamala, kutsekula m'magazi komwe kumayambitsa nthenga kumchira ndi khalidwe.

Ndi mawonekedwe omveka Kugonjetsedwa kwazomwe sikunayambe kutsagana ndi matenda ena alionse, koma kenako amayamba kutukumula ndi kutupa. Nyama imayenda movutikira, miyendo imanjenjemera, chithunzichi chikufanana ndi zizindikiro za kuuma. Zakale kwambiri, minofu ya miyendo atrophy.

Zimatengedwa ngati zachiwawa mawonekedwe amanjenje salmonellosis, amadziwika ndi ziwalo. Ngati mawonekedwe a mitsempha akudandaula, mbalame yodwalayo imakhala yokha kapena yophedwa, chifukwa mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri sagwira ntchito, ndipo matendawa ndi opweteka ndipo amatha kupitirira mlungu umodzi.

Mukudziwa? Pofuna kuchotsa ngoziyi, kachilombo ka salmonella 400 g ya nyama kamayenera kuphikidwa kwa maola atatu ndi hafu.

Pullorosis

Pullorosis, ngakhale kuti ndi mtundu wa salmonellosis, ndi woyenera kulingalira mosiyana. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha bacterium Salmonella pullorum ndipo ali ndi kusiyana. Amalowetsedwa mu chofungatira, pullorosis imakhudza achinyamata mu masiku angapo (mpaka masiku asanu) ndipo amachititsa kuti anthu ambiri azifa mopanda chithandizo.

Pali chifukwa chokayikira kuti pullorosis pamene:

• atakulungidwa ndi nyansi zofiira ndi zowonongeka;
• nkhuku imayamba kugona, imakhala pamalo amodzi kwa nthawi yayitali ndikutsekedwa maso;
• chapamimba peritonitis amapezeka mu zigawo;
• lumbire limakhala loyera kapena lobiriwira mobiriwira, limakhala losalala, limakhala losalala;
• zofiira zamabuluu ndi mazira;
• mbalame imapuma movutikira;
• Ntchito yowopsya imayamba.

Matenda opanda chithandizo angathe "kuthetseratu" nkhuku yonseyi mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri, komabe imapereka chithandizo chokwanira, chifukwa chotsitsimutsa bwino ziwetozo. Pambuyo pake mbalame yowonongeka imalemera bwino, nyama yake sichisokoneza anthu.

Mukudziwa? Asayansi akugwira ntchito kuti apange zitsulo zapamwamba zowonjezera chakudya, zomwe zingasinthe mtundu molingana ndi kupitirira malo ovomerezeka omwe amapangidwa ndi zamoyo zosayenera, kuphatikizapo Salmonella ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'mimba.

Onetsetsani zotsatira za chithandizo cha matenda a mapazi, matenda a maso ku nkhuku.

Njira zothandizira

Muyenera kuyamba kumenyana ndi salmonellosis mukangodziwa izi:

1. Kuwona zizindikiro za munthu aliyense, muyenera kuzisiyanitsa nthawi yomweyo ndi anthu ena onse ndikukhala nawo kwaokha kwa masiku osachepera khumi, pomwe muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa. Ntchito yina iyenera kukhala yovuta, kuchedwa kungakhale koopsa komanso kotsika mtengo. Nkhumba yonseyo iyenera kupatsidwa prophylactically, ndipo munthu yekhayekha akhoza kubwezeretsedwa ku gululo atabwezedwa.
2. Polimbana ndi salmonellosis, ma antibayotiki amauzidwa, omwe amaonjezedwa ku chakudya kapena madzi, kapena, ngati kuli koyenera, amachitidwa ngati majekeseni, omwe amasankhidwa payekha payekha, malinga ndi msinkhu, kulemera, ndi zina.
3. Nyumba ya mbalame yomwe salmonella imaipeza iyenera kusungidwa kuti ikhale yowonongeka bwino kuti matendawa asafalikire kwa ziweto zina, chifukwa akhoza kutenga kachilomboka koyambitsa matendawa.
4. Mazira ndi mazira mwa iwo amachizidwa ndi mapangidwe apadera, mwachitsanzo, Vircon, Demzol kapena Metacid.
5. Odyetsa ndi oledzera, komanso chipinda chonsecho ayenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni.
6. Nkhuku zowonongeka pakudyetsa koyamba ziyenera kupatsidwa ma probiotics.

Ndikofunikira! Mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda si othandiza polimbana ndi salmonellosis monga momwe tingafunire: zimakhala zosagonjetsa, ndipo matendawa akhoza kubwerera. Anthu obwezeretsedwa akutsalira kwambiri pakapita patsogolo.

Ndizomveka kuchitira kokha pachigawo choyambirira, pamene nthawi yosakaniza imathamanga. Anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zowonongeka zimathetsedwa, mbuzi zathanzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosakaniza ndi kusakaniza ma antibiotic mu chakudya ndi zakumwa.

Pamene salmonellosis nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa mankhwala awa:

• Levomitsetin ": mtengo wamtengo wapatali komanso ma CD;
• "Baytril" ("Enrofloxacin"): mtengo wofunika, kunyamula mpaka lita imodzi;
• gentamicin sulfate 4%: mtengo wabwino ndi zotsatira zabwino;
• Mankhwala a tetracycline: ali ndi zochita zambiri, amauzidwa chifukwa chowopseza matenda a salmonis m'malo mwa matenda ena.

Pofuna kusunga tsamba la m'mimba pa nthawi ya kuchipatala, amapatsidwa ma probiotics pa mlingo woyenera wodwalayo.

Mukudziwa? Ngakhale kuti uli ndi mphamvu, salmonella imamwalira mwamsanga m'chilengedwe. Ndizodabwitsa kuti uchi, pokhala wodziwika bwino, amatha kukhala pH mlingo wa pH 3-4.5, momwe zinthu zonse zamoyo, kuphatikizapo bacterium, zikuleka kukula.

Njira zothandizira

Popeza salmonellosis ndi yovuta, imachiritsidwa movutikira, nthawi zambiri sichisonyeza zizindikiro ndipo imasiya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwa odwala, ndikofunika kuthana nayo ndi njira zothandizira.

1. Mchitidwe wodalirika kwambiri woteteza ndi CCRNA (mwachindunji hemagglutination magazi-drop reaction). Chida chogwiritsira ntchito chimagulidwa pa vetmagazin kapena kuchipatala, mothandizidwa, ma diagnostic amachita nthawi zonse. Ngati zinyama khumi (10%) zili ndi kachilombo ka HIV, anthu "akukayikira" amagawidwa kapena kuwonongedwa, zipangizozo zimatetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nkhuku nkhuku ndi nkhuku zimatengedwa, mbalame zimatemera katemera. Ngati chiwerengero cha kachilomboka chikuposa 10 peresenti, sikuli kwanzeru kuchita njira zothandizira: ziweto ziyenera kuwonongedwa, nkhuku nkhuku ndi mndandanda - mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
2. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupewa matendawa kuchokera ku Salmonella enteritidis phage mtundu 4. Ndibwino kuti muzigwiritsire ntchito kwa broilers, gulu la makolo ndi nkhuku za mafakitale.
3. Katemera wosapangidwe wa Salmocron uli ndi mitundu iwiri ya mabakiteriya: typhimurium ndi enteritis.
4. Mothandizidwa ndi katemera wa "Avivac-Salmovac" osati salmonellosis saloledwa, komanso matenda monga pasteurellosis ndi colibacillosis amaletsedwa.
5. Palinso katemera "SalmAbik" (kupanga - Israel).
6. Monga njira yowononga, mabakiteriophages enieni amathiridwa mkati mwa makina opanga mavitamini, omwe, kupatula paulendo, mbalame imalandira madzi mkati mwa masiku asanu mutatha.
7. Ndikofunikira kufufuza mosamala ndi kuyang'anira ubwino wa chakudya ndi madzi, kupeŵa kupezeka kwa nkhungu, kuchepa, kuyang'anitsitsa, ndi zina zotero.
8. Kuyenera kutsukidwa nthawi yambiri komanso mwachangu mu nkhuku nkhu, komanso mu zisa ndi zotengera.
9. Asanayambe kuika mazira mu chofungatira, iwo ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
10. Помимо специфических мер, хороший птицевод регулярно осматривает представителей стаи, а также обращает внимание на помёт.
11. При подселении в курятник новых особей, их необходимо предварительно поместить в карантин.

Узнайте, чем могут болеть несушки зимой.

Njira yothandizira njira yothandizira ingachepetsere kwambiri chiopsezo cha matenda, ndipo idzakhala yotsika mtengo kwambiri kusiyana ndi chithandizo, chomwe sichiri nthawi zonse chogwira ntchito. Kupewa mobwerezabwereza kumachepetsa chiopsezo kuti salmonellosis idzataya nkhuku yonse, zomwe zimavulaza thanzi labwino la eni ake.

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Salmonellosis mu nkhuku: ndemanga