Mazira osadziwika omwe amapezeka mu chisa cha nkhuku amachititsa mafunso ambiri. Ziribe chifukwa chake, kwa mwini mwiniyo ayenera kumvetsa ndi kuthetsa izo, chifukwa mkhalidwewo ukhoza kuchititsa imfa ya mbalame. M'nkhaniyi tidziwa zifukwa, taganizirani njira zothetsera mavuto komanso njira zotetezera zoterozo.
Zifukwa
Zifukwa za mazira popanda chipolopolo mu nembanemba yofewa zingakhale zingapo:
- Chakudya chomwe sichigwirizana ndi zosowa za mbalame (khalidwe losauka, kusowa mavitamini, mchere, zinthu zina);
- zolakwika pakusamalira ziweto (zonyansa, zowonongeka, zowonongeka, zina);
- Kutaya kwa hormonal chifukwa cha nkhawa kapena zikhalidwe za zaka, zopotoka zina;
- matenda ndi kachilombo kapena kachilombo koyambitsa mazira.
Zakudya
Vuto la zakudya zowonjezera limapezeka m'minda yaing'ono: Zowonongeka zimaperekedwa kwa mbalameyo kuchokera pa tebulo, popanda kuganiza kuti kusungunuka kwa zinthu kumayenera kudyetsedwa mkudya kwa mbalame.
Onani kukula kwa dzira la mitundu ya nkhuku komanso mitundu yambiri ya mazira.
Chakudya chouma
Mapulogalamu otsika otsika amauma alibe zinthu zofunika kuti zitheke. Ngati mulibe chipolopolo mungathe kukambirana kusowa kashiamu, mapuloteni ndi phosphorous.
Mukhoza kuthetsa vutoli mwa kugula chakudya chapadera kwa zigawo, zopangidwa ndi kachigawo kakang'ono. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero chenicheni cha mlingocho chiwerengedwe, kuti asayambe kudya kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri, komwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi nkhuku. 
Ndipo kunenepa kwambiri kumayambitsa kusintha kwa dzira. Zimaganiziranso zosoŵa zonse zogwira ntchito bwino, zimaganizira momwe zimayendera bwino mchere ndi mavitamini, BZHU. Mlingo pa tsiku kwa munthu mmodzi ndi 130 g.
Mukudziwa? Dzira lopanda chipolopolo silolokha lokhalokha, palinso limodzi - dzira lolemera, ndiko kuti, popanda yolk. Ichi si matenda, ndipo musadandaule. M'thupi mwa oviduct munapeza puloteni, yomwe imatuluka ndi chigoba.
Zakudya zosakaniza
Mukadyetsedwa ndi zakudya zosakaniza, mlingo wouma ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chodawa sikuwerengedwa nthawi zonse. Kusinthidwa kwa nyengoyi sikungoganizidwe: ndikofunika kwambiri kuonjezera mavitamini m'nyengo yozizira, popeza palibe kuyenda, palibe masamba, ndipo maziko ndiwo chakudya chosakaniza.
Pazifukwa izi, muyenera kuganizira kuti zakudya zosakaniza zili ndi zakudya zosakaniza ndi tirigu ndi zowonjezera. M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa mavitamini ndi tirigu kumawonjezeka. Mbalame kupereka masamba - kaloti, dzungu, kabichi, mkate wophika. 
Phala losakaniza
Mbale ya mbalameyi ikuphatikizapo zinthu zoterezi:
- mbatata yophika, kaloti, dzungu, zukini ndi zina;
- mbewu;
- nthambi ya tirigu;
- ufa kapena mkate;
- choko kapena zina zowonjezera kashiamu.
Konzekerani chakudya chochokera ku kanyumba tchizi kapena whey, madzi owiritsa. Konzani kamodzi kotumikira kotero kuti chakudya sichikhalabe mtsogolo, chiyenera kudyedwa mwatsopano.
Ndikofunikira! Musati mupatse mbalameyi kuti ikhale yambiri yophika, imayambitsa kutupa ndi kutsegula m'mimba.
Zakudya
Mbalame ya mbalameyi imakhala yowonjezerapo kuwonongeka kwa mavitamini pamodzi ndi nkhokwe zake zamkati, zomwe zimakhudza chikhalidwe chonse cha thanzi. Mukhoza kudziwa kuti ziweto zilibe kashiamu. palpation yachibadwa. Mafupa awo (keel) adzakhala ofewa, otsika kwambiri komanso osinthasintha. Pofuna kupewa zoterezo, zosiyanasiyana mavitamini-mineral complexes amaperekedwa kwa zigawo. Mu zakudya zowonjezera zipolopolo, zikhadabo, choko. Komabe, nkofunikanso kuti musapitirire kutero: hypervitaminosis ndizovuta. Zowonjezera zimasakanizidwa mu chakudya osati katatu pa sabata.
Video: Ma source a Calcium oyika nkhuku
Matenda ndi mavairasi
Matendawa amavutitsa vutoli chifukwa chakuti nthawi yowona imatha kufalikira ku nkhuku yonse, kuwonjezera apo, sikuti matenda onse a avian angathe kuchiritsidwa.
Matenda opatsirana
Matendawa amakhudza dongosolo la kupuma, ndipo ndi njira yoberekera, yomwe imakhudza ubwino ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala.
Wodziwika ndi zizindikiro zotere:
- kuvutika kupuma kudzera mumlomo wamlomo;
- kukana chakudya;
- mbalame zodwala ndi lethargic, zimasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu;
- onani kutuluka kwa mthunzi wa maso.
Phunzirani zambiri za matenda opatsirana pogonana a nkhuku.
Matenda akugwa mazira
M'mayiko ena, matendawa amatchedwa kachilomboka, amatha kufalitsidwa kuchokera payekha kupita kwa munthu payekha. Kachilombo kamene kamakhala mu ntchentche ndipo nthawi yambiri chakudya chimatha kulowa mu chakudya.
Mu matenda muli zizindikiro izi:
- kuchepetsa kukolola;
- kusintha mu mtundu wa chipolopolo;
- kusintha kwa mazira;
- kukonzanso;
- Chifukwa chake, maonekedwe a mazira mu nembanemba.
Matenda a chideru
Matenda a Newcastle, kapena podiyumu, akukula mofulumira: mkati mwa masiku awiri kapena atatu, ziweto zonse zimatha kutenga kachilomboka.
Mukudziwa? Matendawa adatchulidwa kuchokera ku mzinda wa England wa Newcastle, womwe uli kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Britain. Kumeneko, kuphulika kwa mliri wamatsenga mu 1926 kunawononga ziweto zonse mumzindawo.
Zizindikiro za matenda:
- kupweteka, kupuma kwambiri;
- kutsekula m'mimba;
- mphukira kuchokera kumlomo;
- mutu wotsika;
- conjunctivitis;
- kusowa mgwirizano;
- kupweteka.
Kusintha kwa mahomoni
Zonse zochitika kuchokera ku mapangidwe omasulidwa zimayang'aniridwa ndi dongosolo lamanjenje ndipo limalamulidwa ndi mahomoni. Ngati chimodzi mwa machitidwewa sichitha, zimangowoneka motere:
- mazira awiri amapangidwa m'malo mwa imodzi;
- kuchepetsa nthawi ya kusasitsa ndi kudutsa kudzera mu gawo la chiberekero;
- ndondomeko yophimba chipolopolo imasochera.
Mahomoni amatha kusintha chifukwa cha nkhawa, matenda, kusowa zakudya. Ndizosatheka kuzindikira ndi diso, ndi veterinarian yekha yemwe angakhoze kuzindikira vutoli.
Fufuzani chifukwa chake mumalandira mazira ndi mazira awiri a yolk ndi magazi, komanso chifukwa chake nkhuku zimayika mazira ndi zobiriwira zakuda, zimanyamula mazira aang'ono, osanyamula bwino.
Zomwe amangidwa
Kuti zikhale zokolola kwambiri, mbalame ziyenera kuperekedwa bwino. 
Chifukwa cha kubisala, mwachitsanzo, kuyenda kosavuta, kusowa dzuwa, mbalame zimakhala ndi nkhawa, choncho Zinyama zikufunikira izi:
- ukhondo mu nyumba ya nkhuku (zogona, mapepala, odyetsa);
- Malo okwanira mu chipinda cha mbalame iliyonse (mamita 1 sq. M);
- zisa siziyenera kuyatsa;
- madzi abwino;
- malo oyendayenda osasunthika, otsekedwa ku mbalame zakutchire ndi zinyama, ndi kukhetsa, kumene inu mungakhoze kubisala mvula kapena dzuwa lotentha;
- chakudya pa nthawi yomweyo.
Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe bwino ndi nsonga zogwiritsira nkhuku: momwe mungakonzekere zisa, zisa, pangani chophikira chokhazikika ndi madzi, pangani njira yopita.
Kuvuta kuthetsa njira
Mavuto a chilengedwe chopweteka ndi osavuta kuthetsa:
- Chiyero chimapangidwira m'nyumba;
- amawonjezera malo ngati kuli kofunikira;
- chakudya chokonzedwanso.
Ngati mukuganiza kuti mankhwalawa sagwiritsidwa ntchito, chithandizo chokwanira chikhoza kuperekedwa kokha ndi katswiri pambuyo pa mayeso a labotale.
Ngati matenda akugwiriridwa, veterinarian adzafunikiranso kufufuzidwa, zipangizo zofufuza zidzasonkhanitsidwa ndipo mayendedwe a mankhwala omwe adokotala adzawatsata.
Pa matenda alionse, chimodzi mwa zotsatirazi chiyenera kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. njira zotsatirazi:
- Soda yotentha 3%;
- kukonzedwa kwa ayodini;
- 6% laimu wa zitsulo;
- Lugol njira.
Mbalame zimachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala owona Zanyama: "Anfluron", ayodini wabuluu. Mlingo wa mankhwala ndi mankhwalawo udzatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala molingana ndi mawonekedwe a matenda.
Nyuzipepala ikadziwika, mbalameyo siimachiritsidwa, chifukwa kachilombo kamene kakufalikira mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo kuopsa kwa kutaya ziweto zonse ndizomwe zili pamwamba. Nkhuku zodwala zimatayika, katemera wathanzi, chipindacho chimayambitsidwa ndi disinfection (phenol, ethyleneimine). 
Ngati vuto la dzira limayambitsa matenda, kuyeretsa mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito chloroform, beta-propiolactone), chithandizochi chimaperekedwa ndi wodwala, chifukwa cha zotsatira za mayesero. Katswiri amachititsa kuti mbalame zichotse mbuzi ndi katemera.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mliri wa matenda opatsirana, malondawa atsekedwa kuti asungidwe kwaokha, kugulitsa nyama ndi mazira oletsedwa sikuletsedwa. Patatha masiku makumi atatu, kusungidwa kwaokha kumachotsedwa pambuyo pomaliza kusokonezeka kwa malonda.
Kupewa
Zovuta zothandizira ndizo zotsatirazi:
- Kuyika nyali ndi nyali za ultraviolet (kuvulaza mavuto ambiri).
- Ikani chitetezo ku makoswe, slugs ndi mbalame zakutchire.
- Sungani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhuku padera.
- Nkhuku zimatemera.
- Anthu atsopano pamaso pa obselenie amavumbulutsira kuyendera ndi katemera, zomwe zimayambira pafupifupi mwezi umodzi.
- Mukhola amagwira ntchito zokha.
- Nthawi zonse muzikonza makina opangira malo onse ndi odyetsa, oledzera.
- Kawiri pa chaka kuti muziyeretsa, kupiritsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
- Tsatirani zakudya zamabwalo, nthawi zonse muziwayese.
Alimi a nkhuku amayamikira za vutoli
Ndipo chochepa cha miyala yamchere chimaperekedwe, ndipo kawirikawiri, miyala yaing'ono iyenera kuiwalika - ndikofunikira kuti izi zikhale bwino.
Ndipo monga njira yowonjezeramo kuti mbeu ikhalepo, chakudya chobiriwira cha hydroponic chagwira ntchito bwino - apa onse kukula kwake kwa dzira, makulidwe a chipolopolo, ndi mazira odzaza mavitamini (ngakhale mtundu wa yolk umakhala wowala wakuda lalanje), ndithu, umathamanga nthawi yaitali.
Kufotokozera mwachidule: vutoli likhoza kutetezedwa pakuwona malamulo owona zinyama ndi zoyenera. Pochita chidwi ndi mbalame, chakudya chawo, mudzalandira poyang'ana kukolola kwakukulu kwa famu yanu.
