Kuwomba kwa njiwa mwa munthu kunayamba pamene wina anazindikira kuti ali ndi mphamvu zobwerera ku chisa chawo. Anthu amazindikira kukongola kwawo, kubweretsa mitundu yatsopano ya njiwa - mofulumizitsa, zokometsetsa, etc. Zilonda za njiwa ndizo zokongola za mbalamezi - tidzangoyang'ana mbali zake.
Mbiri ya chiyambi
Mbiri yeniyeni ya kutuluka kwa njiwa yamadzi sikunadziwikebe. Mitunduyi inalembedwa ku Nikolaev kumapeto kwa XIX - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XX. Anena kuti, chifukwa chilengedwecho chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nkhunda yochokera ku Turkey ndi Syria, komanso mbalame za m'deralo.
Dziwani zambiri za nkhunda za Nikolaev.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kuswana zinali mbalame zodabwitsa. Mapiko a njiwa akuthawa amapanga mawonekedwe a chikwakwa, nthenga zowuluka zimatembenuzidwa mkati, zomwe zinapatsa dzinalo mabala - magudumu, kapena nkhunda za inversion. 
Maonekedwe
Ng'ombe yam'mlengalenga:
- Nkhunda yayikulu yokwana pafupifupi 300 g ndi kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 30-40 masentimita. Ili ndi thupi lokhazikika lomwe lili ndi thupi lokhazikika. M'makolo, minofu ya pectoral imakula bwino. Kusintha kwa thupi ku mchira kumagwirizana, kosalala. Chikhomaliro cha chifuwa cha chifuwa. Kumbuyo kwa njiwa kuli kolunjika, mwinamwake kutayika. Misempha ndi yaing'ono, yamphamvu, yosadulidwa, yofiira-bulauni kapena imvi.
- Kuphimba kwa nthenga kuli wandiweyani, wandiweyani, kawirikawiri amakhala amitundu iwiri. Mapikowa ndi ofanana m'litali ndi mchira. Mapiko aatali amakhala pafupifupi 30 masentimita. Nthenga za ntchentche ndizitali, zochepa, zimasonkhanitsidwa mu bun. Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wosiyana. Mvula ya mchira ndi nthenga 12-16.
- Mutuwo ndi wawung'ono, wozungulira ndi wofanana ndi mulomo wawung'ono. Ceres akhoza kukhala mthunzi uliwonse, kuyambira woyera mpaka wakuda. Maso ang'onoang'ono a golide kapena abulauni ndi mthunzi wa ngale. Maso amaonedwa kuti ndiyeso yoyera ya mtunduwo - kuunika kwake kuli, zochepa zosafunika kuchokera ku mitundu ina ndizo. Khosi ndi lalifupi, ndi maula.
Mukudziwa? Diso - kukula kwake, mawonekedwe ndi mtundu - ndizozindikiritsa zomwezo za njiwa, monga zolemba za munthu kapena pasipoti.
Zochita Zothamanga
Zikukhulupirira kuti mphepo yamkuntho yolimba m'dera la Nikolaev inathandiza kuti pakhale minofu komanso kuthamanga kwa mtundu wa njira yopulumukira - zomwe zimachitika ku mphamvu ya mphepo. Kuphulika kwa mapiko kumapanga mpanda wozungulira pamwamba pa mutu wa mbalameyo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nthenga zam'mphepete zimatuluka ndikupanga kayendetsedwe kake. Njiwa imayenda mu ndege yopanda malire, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwoneke kuti zimayenda pang'onopang'ono. Mbalame zimakonda kuwuluka payekha, kuthawa kungakhale pafupifupi maola atatu popanda kupuma. 
Moyo ndi zizoloŵezi
Mtunduwu ndi wapadera malo osauka, chifukwa mbalame zimataya njira yopita ku nyumba ya nkhunda. Kuyesera kuchepetsa kupereŵera uku mwa kudutsa ndi mitundu ina kumabweretsa kutha kwa mtundu wapadera wothamanga, kotero sitingathe kukonza vutoli.
Sicklefish, monga mitundu ina, imapanga awiri kamodzi kwa moyo wonse. Pogwiritsa ntchito mbalame, abambo awiriwa akuyesera kulimbikitsa zizindikiro za mtunduwu ndipo, ngati n'kotheka, amasintha zofookazo.
Mbalame zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, zochita zambiri komanso zamphamvu. Iwo ndi odzichepetsa ku zikhalidwe zomangidwa, chakudya ndipo akhoza kukula ngakhale oyambirira. Oimira a mtunduwo ndi ovuta kuphunzitsa, pamene akusankha makalasi oyambirira.
Mukudziwa? Panopa, mitundu pafupifupi 800 ya njiwa imadziwika. Zonsezi zimagawidwa m'magulu akuluakulu anai: kuthawa, masewera, nyama ndi kukongoletsa.
Ali kuti
Mtunduwu unabzalidwa m'dera la Nikolaev, lomwe linasinthidwa kuti likhale ndi moyo, osati ku Ukraine komanso kumadera akummwera kwa Russia, koma ikhoza kukhalanso kumadera ena kumpoto. Zingathe kukhazikika pamalo otseguka a woyang'anira dera la steppe komanso kumidzi. 
Nkhunda ya njiwa ya nkhunda si yaikulu kwambiri. Anthu ambiri anavutika kwambiri pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Pakalipano, obereketsa akugwiranso ntchito kubwezeretsa ziweto.
Ŵerenganiponso za mitundu ya nkhunda zothamanga: zouluka (Sverdlovsk, Hungary), kumenyana (Armavir, Baku, Takla, Uzbek, Agaran, Kasan).
Zimene mungadye
Amadyetsa zakudya za ndiwo zamasamba:
- mbewu;
- zipatso;
- mtedza;
- udzu;
- zipatso
Golubovody alowe mu zakudya za nkhuku tirigu, balere, chimanga. Mbalame, monga zinyama zina, zimatha kuyembekezera chakudya chokoma, kotero ndi bwino kupereka chakudya pa nthawi yochepa kuti musakope mbalame zakutchire ndi makoswe kuti azidya. Mu zakudya za mimba nkhunda kuwonjezera konyowa phala yopangidwa ndi mbewu, zitsamba, nthambi. Otsatsa ena amadyetsa chakudya chamagulu.
Ndikofunikira! Gravel nthawi zonse iyenera kukhala mu nyumba ya njiwa mumtunda wosiyana. Ndikofunika kuti mbalame zikhazikike.
Kuswana
Nkhunda ndi mbalame zosaoneka bwino zomwe zimapanga awiri kamodzi. Pa mwambo waukwati, wamwamuna amasamalira azimayi, amafuula mokweza, nthenga zamphongo, kuvina. 
Kuti amange chisa kuthengo, banja limapeza malo osatheka - pansi pa denga la denga, m'tawuni yosatetezedwa, ndi zina zotero. Kuti mkazi asasokoneze dovecot, ayenera kupanga chisa ndiwindo laling'ono. Amuna amabweretsa zinthu zakuthupi ku chisa - nthambi, udzu wa udzu, ndipo amai amawunikira.
Mbalame zimatha kumanga chaka chonse, choncho amayi amatha pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri chaka chonse, ndipo makolo onsewo amawatenga masiku 16 mpaka 19, nkutsitsirana. Mu kamba pali mazira awiri oyera.
Nkhuku zowonongeka ndi zakhungu komanso zopanda phindu. Masiku oyambirira amadyetsedwa "mkaka wa njiwa", womwe umasakaniza mapuloteni omwe amapezeka mu goiter. Pamene nkhuku zikukula, chomera mbewu zimayikidwa ku zakudya. Pambuyo masiku 35-37, kukula kwachinyamata kukukonzekera kukhala moyo wodziimira ndipo ukhoza kuwuluka. Ngati nthanga ya nkhunda idzaphunzitsa mbadwo watsopano, ndiye ali ndi zaka 35, anapiye amachotsedwa m'nyumba ya njiwa ya makolo kupita kumalo atsopano ndikuyamba kuphunzitsidwa.
Ndikofunikira! M'mayiko ambiri ndiletsedwa (mpaka bwino) kudyetsa njiwa m'mabwalo apakati kuti pasapezeke kuwonongeka kwa zipilala ndi zizindikiro.
Kodi n'zotheka kukhalabe mu ukapolo
Nkhunda zimafuna chipinda chimodzi. Kumtchire, iwo amakhala mu mapanga aang'ono, zida za miyala. 
Lero pali mitundu itatu ya nyumba za nkhunda:
- ufulu;
- dovecote ndi kudyetsa;
- aviary.
Freemen ndi chipinda chosatsekedwa kumene nkhunda zimatha kupyolera mu manholes ang'onoang'ono. Kuwunika kumeneku mu chipinda chino ndi mawindo opapatiza. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito khola lotseguka kwa abwenzi, kumene ziweto zimatha kuyenda, koma simungakhoze kusiya, mudzapeza dovecot ndi malo odyetsa.
Ndikofunika kuti nyama zowonongeka, mbalame zakutchire ndi makoswe zisalowe mu chipinda. Iyenera kukhala yoyera ndi yowuma mkati. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zafamu, nkhunda sizimafuna kuunikira kwina kapena kutentha. Amalekerera kuzizira ndipo amatha kukhala mu aviary, ngati sizimvula mvula ndi chisanu. Pakhomo la chipinda chimakhala ndi malo, kotero kuti asawononge mbalameyo pansi.
Ndikofunikira! Mpaka wabwino kwambiri wa dovecote ndi 15 cm kuposa msinkhu wa mwiniwake. Izi zimathandiza kuti mbalame zigwidwe, mumakhala omasuka kutsuka chipinda.
Zipangizo za dovecote zili ndi mabokosi-zisa ndi denga loyenera ndi khomo laling'ono, mapepala, mapepala, feeders ndi mbale zamadzi. Perch ayenera kukhala yosalala, utoto. M'lifupi mwake ndi 2.5-3.5 masentimita, gawoli ndi lozungulira kapena timakona ting'onoting'ono: liyenera kukhala loyenera kugwirana ndi chiwombankhanga. Chigawo chonse cha ndende ndi 30-40 masentimita. Zakudya zamchere, tirigu ndi masamba ziyenera kutsanulidwa m'magawo osiyana. 
Kusunga m'nyumba kumaphatikizapo:
- kuyeretsa zinyalala - kamodzi mu masabata 1-2;
- kutsuka odyetsa ndi osamwa mlungu uliwonse;
- dovecote disinfection osachepera 1 peresenti iliyonse.
Kukhalapo kwa zinyalala kudzathandiza kuti magetsi aziyeretsa. Muyeneranso kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoyenera kutsuka ndikuphika chakudya.
Video: njiwa zazing'anga
Nkhunda za serpasti ndizo kubzala miyalaKuphatikiza maulendo apamwamba ndi okongoletsera, iwo ndi apadera chifukwa cha njira yawo yeniyeni. Mbalamezi ndizodzichepetsa, zimapirira mosavuta nyengo iliyonse ndipo zimatha kuwuluka mu nyengo iliyonse.
