Sizothandiza chabe kuti wamaluwa amalima dahlias mu flowerbeds, chifukwa maluwa amenewa ali ndi chiwerengero chosawerengeka cha mitundu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dahlias imasiyana mosiyanasiyana: kukula kwa tsinde, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a masamba, makonzedwe a pamakhala, zikhalidwe za kukula ndi chisamaliro, ndi mtundu wa mtundu.
Pang'ono ponena za mitundu ya autumn
Dzina lachiwiri la duwa ndi Dahlia, mayina onsewa amaperekedwa ndi mayina a botanists: I. Georgi ndi A. Dahl. Dahlias ndi a banja la Astrov, mayiko a South America amaonedwa ngati malo obadwira maluwa.
Mukudziwa? Mafuko a Mayan asanayambe miyambo yawo yopatulika adakongoletsa nyumba zawo ndi dahlias. Mitundu ya Aztec inakula dahlias ngati zomera za mankhwala komanso kuti idye chakudya. Amwenye ankawona maluwa awa ngati amithenga a milungu, mphatso za dzuwa ndikuzipembedza.
Ndizosatheka kunena za mitundu yonse - pali oposa khumi zikwi, koma mawu ochepa angatchulidwe pazofala. Inflorescences ya dahlias ikhoza kukhala yaikulu kapena yaying'ono.
Zilonda zawo zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu. Mu cactus dahlias pambali amawoneka ngati singano zakuda, ngati kupotozedwa mu chubu.
Dahlias ozungulira amadziwika ndi tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo tomwe timakhala ndi mapepala ofanana ndi singano omwe amapanga mpira. Pompon dahlias amafanana ndi mitundu yapitayi, koma yaying'ono kukula.
Dahlias zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zochititsa chidwi, ndipo mtundu wamakono umagwedeza utawaleza - zitoliro zambiri ndi mithunzi ya mitundu yeniyeni yachifumu iyi.
Momwe mungabzalitsire dahlias
Mitundu yonse ya nthaka ili yoyenera kwa zomera pansi pa zinthu zowonjezera, kutengeka ndi kusungunula mphamvu. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwabzala pafupi ndi nthaka - dahlias salandira chinyezi chokwanira.
Ndizosayenera kubzala pafupi ndi zomera ndi mizu yolimba, pamene imakoka zakudya zonse m'nthaka. Nthaka ya dahlias imakonzedwa, poyang'ana kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero chake: kutuluka kwa humus, fupa la fupa, kapu kakang'ono. Musanabzala, dzenje la 30x30 masentimita mu kukula ladzaza mpaka theka ndi chisakanizo ichi.
Malingaliro okwera pa malo otseguka
Muzaka khumi zachiwiri za May, tubers ali ndi maso obzalidwa. Kukula mbande - kumayambiriro kwa June, pamene chisanu chimachotsedwa.
Kusankha kwa malo ndi kukonzekera kwa nthaka
Zosindikizira, zowonekera ndi dzuwa - Iyi ndi malo omwe mungabzalidwe dahlias. Palibe chofunika chodzala pafupi ndi mipanda yapamwamba ndi makoma, pafupi ndi mitengo kapena tchire chokwanira: mthunzi sungalole kuti dahlias akhutire ndi kukula.
Musanabzala maluwa, nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa bwino komanso yakuda ndi fupa. Pofuna kupewa tizilombo towononga mizu, mukhoza kupanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka. Ngati zomera zowola zikukula pamaso pa dahlias, tengerani nthaka ndi formalin kapena mkuwa sulphate.
Kukonzekera kwa tubers kubzala
Mbalame yotchedwa ungrown tuber imayikidwa pansi pa fossa, yokhala ndi mphasa. Amagona ndi nthaka, amamwa madzi, ndipo pamene akukula amawaza dziko lapansi kuti aphimbe. Mbeu zowuma musanabzala bwino, kuti nthaka mizu yake ikhale lumped, ndiye idabzalidwa pamodzi ndi nthaka mu dzenje.
Momwe mungasamalire dahlias m'dziko
Kusamalira dahlias si kosiyana ndi kusamalira zomera zina zokongoletsa: kusamala, kuthirira nthawi ndi feteleza, kutsuka udzu umene umalepheretsa kukula ndi zakudya zabwino.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa nthaka
Kutentha, maluwa amafunika kuthiriridwa tsiku lililonse, kumapeto kwa kuthirira kwa nyengo kuchepa. M'pofunika kupopera dahlias madzulo ndi madzi otentha kutentha. Pakati pa kukula kwachangu, ndibwino kuti musunge dahlias kuti asaswe pansi.
Kuti dahlias ikhale bwino ndikuphuka kwambiri, ayenera kudyetsedwa katatu m'nyengo ya chilimwe ndi feteleza. Zikhoza kukhala ndowe za ng'ombe kapena zitosi za mbalame zomwe zimadulidwa ndi madzi. Pakati pa maluwa kawiri pamwezi, maluwawo amamera ndi zothetsera potashi ndi phosphorous.
Kutsegula ndi kusalima nthaka
Pambuyo pa kuthirira kuli kofunikira kumasula nthaka, ikudzaza ndi mpweya. Pambuyo popanga udzu wa dahlia, nthaka yozungulira mizu imayendetsedwa ndi humus kapena peat.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti mphukira imenyedwe mwamphamvu ndipo imatulutsa maluwa, muyenera kuchotsa mphukira zapakati pa kukula kwa dahlias. Tengani ndondomeko ya pasynkovaya musanafike masambawo.
Mitengo yaying'ono kapena yosauka imachotsedwa, kusiya imodzi kapena ziwiri zathanzi kunja kwa masamba atatu mu inflorescence. Inflorescences akufalikira amachotsedwanso kuti asachedwe kukula kwa masamba.Kupalira ndi kofunikira - kuchotsa namsongole kumateteza matenda ndi kuchepa kwa zakudya. Mu nthawi ya chilala, ndi zofunika kuti tipeze zomera, kotero kuti chinyezi chidzatha nthawi yayitali.
Kukumba ndi kusunga mizu dahlia m'nyengo yozizira
Ndi bwino kudziŵa momwe ndi nthawi yothetsera dahlias yosungirako nyengo yozizira. Nthawi yokumba imadalira nyengo kumudzi wanu, kawirikawiri chiyambi kapena mapeto a Oktoba, kusanayambike kwa chisanu.
Ndikofunika kudula masamba omwe ali ndi secator, kusiya masentimita 15. Mosamala muziukumba kuti musamawononge mizu. Mwachitsanzo, mafoloko, kupanga kukumba kuchokera kumbali zingapo. Siyani milungu iwiri m'malo ozizira, kenaka muyikeni mabokosi, kuphimba ndi mchenga ndi peat ndi sitolo m'chipinda chapansi.
Nthawi ndi nthawi ndikofunika kufufuza ngati mizu siidwala, kaya ndi youma. Ngati mizu yayuma, mukhoza kuwatsuka pang'ono ndi madzi.
Chenjerani! Musanachoke pa tubers kuti musungire m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, ndibwino kuti muwachitire ndi njira yothetsera laimu kapena phulusa ku matenda.
Njira Zokwirira Dahlia
Kuti mupeze chomera chokongola, chomera, ndibwino kuti mudziwe momwe mungabzalitsire dahlias molondola. Malamulo akulu ndi ubwino ndi thanzi la kubzala. Mitengo ya tuber iyenera kukhala yolimba, ndipo cuttings ayenera kukhala ndi mizu yaing'ono ndi mphukira.
Gawani mizu yogawa
Palibe maphikidwe ovuta kwa kukula kwa dahlias ku tubers. M'nyengo yamasika, maso amawoneka pa tuber dahlia, monga pa mbatata. Pa nthawiyi, mukhoza kugawaniza tubers, ndikuwagwedeza kwa theka la tsiku.
Anagawani tubers obzalidwa mmera mabokosi mu nthaka lonyowa. Siyani khosi la tuber lotseguka. Kutentha kwasungirako kumafunika kukhala osachepera 15°C. Mukamwetsa, ndibwino kuti musadulidwe pafupi ndi khosi. Nthaŵi imene dahlias yabzalidwa kumapeto kwa nthaka ndi mwezi wa May.
Cuttings
Kudula kumachitika pakati pa nyengo yozizira. Poyambira, yambani ziphuphuzo, ndiyeno muzidula kuchokera kwa iwo kukula mpaka masentimita 7 akuphuka ndi chidutswa cha muzu. Mchenga umatsanulidwa mumphika wosankhidwa.
Mukhoza kupanga ndondomeko ya kudula "Kornovin", ndikubzala mumphika, nthawi zonse madzi ndi mpweya. Pamene zidutswa zimakula, mukhoza kuzibzala pansi.
Mukudziwa? Pamene kudula dahlia podulidwa, kumawombera. Izi zimakupatsani inu kulandira zakuthupi katatu.
Kukula kwa dahlias ku mbewu
Njira yoperekera imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa dahlias pachaka komanso osakhala awiri, komanso kubzala mitundu yatsopano. Ndi njira ya mbewu, dahlias nthawi zambiri amataya khalidwe la mitundu yawo, nthawi zambiri amadwala. Ngati mwasankha kufalitsa dahlias ndi mbewu, akhoza kufesedwa palimodzi pansi ndi mabokosi a mbande m'nyengo yozizira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta dahlias, kulimbana nawo
Dahlias amapezeka ndi matenda ambiri: mavairasi, bakiteriya ndi fungal. Pamene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chikasu chakasu Nsonga za masamba ndizokongoletsedwa ndi mphete zoyera zachikasu ndi mizere.
Bronze mitundu yobiriwira yobiriwira pakati pa masamba, pamene masamba afa. Maonekedwe a kachilombo timatulutsa masamba. Chomera chikukula bwino ndipo chimamasula, kuchokera ku chitsamba chachibadwa chimakhala chochepa. Mafuta a Oak omwe amadziwika bwino ndi masamba a mtengo wa thundu. Mwamwayi, chomera chimene chinayambitsa kachilombochi chiyenera kuwonongedwa, ndipo zipangizo zomwe mwazikonzera ziyenera kuti zisatetezedwe bwino, monga momwe nthaka ilili.
Khansara ya bakiteriya ndi khansa ikufalikira. Pachiyambi choyamba, kukula kumapangidwa pa mizu ya mbewu. Mphukira zowola ndi kuipitsa nthaka yozungulira, mabakiteriya ochititsa matenda amakhala mu nthaka kwa zaka zisanu. Mlandu wachiwiri umadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. M'maguluwa, zomerazo zimawonongedwanso.
Matenda olimbana ndi: verticillosis, spotting, blackleg, powdery mildew ndi kuvunda. Zizindikiro za matenda awa: tsinde lakuda, lonyowa (mwendo wakudachikasu ndi mwadzidzidzi (verticillosis), chikasu ndi kuvunda (zovunda zoyera) white scurf (powdery mildew).
Powonjezera ndi mildew, chomeracho chiyenera kupangidwa ndi zokonzekera zamkuwa, ndi kubwereza ndondomeko pambuyo pa masabata awiri. Nthaŵi zina, malo okhudzidwa a chomerawo amadulidwa, ndipo ena onse amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe angagulidwe ku shopu lirilonse la maluwa.
Tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timayambitsa dahlias: nsabwe za m'masamba, ntchentche, nsikidzi, tizilombo towombera, maatodes. Ngati amaoneka, spray mbewuyo ndi mankhwala a chlorophos, ndipo kusuta fodya kungagwiritsidwe ntchito motsutsana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.
Mankhwalawa, makamaka mphutsi, komanso mbozi ya kabichi, nematodes ndi matabwa ayenera kukolola, kenaka amwetsani chomeracho ndi karbofos.
Dahlias pa webusaiti yanu adzalenga pepala lapadera. Mitengoyi imakhala yabwino mwa iwo okha, ndipo ikuphatikizapo zina zitsamba zokongola ndi maluwa. Zonse zomwe amafunikira ndi chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro cha panthawi yake.
