Mitundu ya mapeyala a Chizhovskaya ndi umodzi wa mitundu yambiri ya mapeyala on North-West, Central ndi dera la Middle Volga m'dziko lathu.
M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, izi zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zili ndi cholinga chonse, zimakhazikitsidwa bwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumalongeza, kupanga compotes ndi jams.
Maphunziro a wamaluwa amakusangalatsani ndipo mukufuna pear zosiyanasiyana Chizhovskaya kukula mumunda wanu, koma Muli ndi chidwi ndi mafunso:
- Kodi mapeyala amafesedwa kapena kusamalidwa bwanji?
- Kodi yakucha liti?
- Nthawi yokolola (pepala nthawi yokolola)?
- Ndi matenda ati omwe angamuvulaze?
- Kodi ndi zofufumitsa ziti zomwe amafunikira?
Ngati ndi choncho, nkhaniyi ndi ya inu: apa mudzapeza ndondomeko yonse ya Chizhovskaya peyala zosiyanasiyana, chithunzi cha chipatso ndi zina.
Kodi ndi mapeyala otani?
Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zalembedwa mu Register Register kuyambira 1993 ndipo ndi imodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri Mzinda wa Moscow, Vladimir dera, pafupi ndi Samara.
Pear Chizhovskaya zosiyana-siyana, ndikofunikira kusonkhanitsa zipatso kumapeto kwa chilimwepamene si peyala iliyonse yomwe ingakondweretseni inu ndi zipatso zake.
Zokolola zabwino zingadzitamandire: Duchess, Fairy, Bere Bosk, Bere Russkaya ndi Uralochka.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Kuyala kwa peyala imeneyi ku Moscow Academy ya Timiryazev inagwira ntchito S.T. Chizhov ndi S.P. Potapov. Iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ku Belgium monga machitidwe a makolo. Forest beauty ndi peyala Olga, anagwedezeka panthawi yomwe wotchuka wotchedwa Far Eastern breeder A.M. Lukashov.
Mitundu yomweyi ndi ya dzanja lake: Kupava, Perun, Lel, Rogneda ndi Sverdlovchanka.
Kukongola kwa nkhalango kwachititsa kuti mitundu yatsopanoyi ikhale ndi makhalidwe abwino: kukoma kokoma ndi kusamvetsetsa ku zikhalidwe za kulima.
Kuyambira Olga Chizhovskaya adalandira bwino kwambiri winter hardiness ndi kuthekera kukana nkhanambo, kubala zipatso.
Zosiyanasiyana zimatchedwa dzina la olemba, Sergey Tikhonovich Chizhov, omwe pambuyo pake adatcha peyala.
Ngakhale izi, ogula nthawi zambiri amasiyanitsa dzina la peyala, Chizhovskaya zosiyanasiyana, posachedwa dzina lake: peyala Chizhevsky, Chizhevskaya.
Koma muyenera kumamatira ku dzina lenileni loperekedwa mwa kulemekeza mmodzi wa olemba ake - Sergey Tikhonovich Chizhov. Chifukwa cholemekezera breeder uyu.
Description zosiyanasiyana Chizhovsky
Ganizirani mosiyana mawonekedwe a mtengo ndi zipatso.
Mtengo
Pear Chizhovskaya ali ndi mawonekedwe mtengo wamtali wautali 2-2.5 mamita pamwamba. Mtengo wawung'ono uli ndi korona wopapatiza, nthawi ya fruiting iyo imakhala pyramidal kapena conical.
Mlingo wa foliar wokhutira ndi wandiweyani korona - wamba kapena pamwamba. Shtamb ali ndi mdima wakuda, nthambi pang'ono. Mtengo wa fruiting pa kolchatka.
Ntchentche nthambi zili mu malo otsika. Mphukirazo zimakhala zokhotakhota pang'ono, makulidwe awo ndi kutalika zimafika kukula kwakukulu.
Khungu la mphukira ndi lofiira kwambiri lofiira, lopangidwa ndi mphodza zapakati pafupipafupi, pafupi ndi pamwamba pake. The internodes si yaitali kapena sing'anga kukula, palibe pubescence.
Mphukira yooneka ngati khungu ndi yofiirira ndipo imakanidwa pa nthambi.
Masamba a ovundu omwe amawoneka oundana amakhala ojambulidwa mu utoto wobiriwira, womwe umapezeka mkati mwa mitsempha.
Masamba ambiri a masambawa amakhala ndi ndege yosalala ndi mbale yopanda tsitsi.
Maluwa a peyala ya Chizhovsky ndi yoyera, pamakhala ndi maonekedwe a calyx. Matenda a chithokomiro amakhala ndi maluwa 5-7.
Chipatso
Mbali za chipatso:
- kulemera kwa magalamu 120-140;
- peyala pamwamba yosalala ndi matte;
- zooneka ngati peyala, nthawizina obovate;
- waukulu peyala mtundu wobiriwira ndi utoto wachikasu, coverlip imalephera kufotokozedwa, nthawi zina pamakhala kuwala kowala;
- kachipangizo kamene kali ndi mtima wambiri;
- mu zipatso 5-10 sing'anga-kakulidwe bulauni mbewu zipse;
- mapeyala a mapeyala ndi a chikasu choyera, pafupifupi oyera, osakanikirana ndi juiciness, kutentha kwa mafuta, kusungunuka pakamwa, kukoma kokoma;
- pafupifupi mlingo wa shuga ndi 9%, acidity - 0.45%.
Chithunzi
Zizindikiro
M'nthawi ya fruiting peyala Chizhovskaya kulowa mu 3-4 chaka. Mtundu uwu wa zipatso nthawi zonse, kupereka pachaka 50-60 makilogalamu Zipatso kuchokera ku mtengo waukulu. Mapeyala osati kulowerera kugwa, ndi kugwera pa chivundikiro cha nsalu, akhoza kunama kwa pafupifupi sabata popanda kutaya katundu wake.
Mapeyala ali ndi khalidwe lapamwamba la malonda: wokongola mawonekedwe, chosamveka kukoma. Zipatso zimanyamula bwino ndikuzisunga bwino.
Motsatira mitundu akhoza kudzitamandira kwambiri kukoma: Yakovlevskaya, Krasulya, Ana, Severyanka Krasnoshchekaya ndi Talgar kukongola.
Pa kutentha kwa +1, + madigiri 2 akhoza kupitirira mpaka miyezi inayi. Chizhovskaya peyala ali chizoloŵezi chobala zipatso ndi ukalambaIzi ndi zosazindikiritsa zovuta za zosiyanasiyana.
Pofuna kupewa zaka zowola mapeyala, m'pofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzitha kudulira mitengo yokalamba. Iwo amachita izo kumayambiriro kwa masika, kusanayambe kuyamwa kutaya. Pafupi nyengo iyi imakhala pa March.
Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala mkulu wa chisanu kukana. Panalibe malo oundana a mtengo pakati pa malo ozungulira.
Komanso maphunziro abwino kulekerera zinthu zina zoipa: kusowa kwa chinyezi, mkulu wa chilimwe kutentha.
Popeza kuti zosiyanasiyanazi ndizozikhazika pansi, zowonjezera zokhala ndi mungu chifukwa cha Chizhovskaya pear: Rogneda, Severyanka, Lada.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Kubzala mapeyala mitundu Chizhovskaya imafuna nthaka m'deralo ndi nthaka yochepa. Ngati acidity ya nthaka ndi yaikulu kwambiri, ndiye ndi kofunika kuti mupitirize kuyimba.
M'nthaka ndi zamchere zimalimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera Potaziyamu mchere ndi superphosphate: Adzachotsa nthaka ndikuwonjezerapo zinthu zamchere.
Kuyamba kwa zinthu izi ziyenera kupangidwa miyezi ingapo isanayambe kubzala mbewu, kotero kuti idasungunuka mokwanira m'nthaka.
Kukula kwa dzenje: mita mamita ndi kuya kwa mita. Pansi pa fossa muyenera kukhala omasuka. Nkhumba imathamangitsidwa mu dzenje musanadzalemo, pomwe mmerawo umamangidwa. Wake ili kumbali yakumwerakotero adzalenga chitetezo chowonjezereka cha tsinde ku dzuwa lotentha.
Osayendetsa galimoto musanadzalemo mmera, kotero mukhoza kuwononga mizu. Gombe likukonzekera masabata 3-4 asanafike.
Peyala Chizhovskaya anabzala m'dzinja (October) kapena masika (April), koma olima amadziwa kuti peyala imayamba mizu yabwino ndikulekerera nyengo yozizira ngati itabzalidwa mu kugwa. Mizu ikugona nthaka ya michere.
Manyowa ndi amchere amchere samagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala kuti apereke malo abwino oti mubzala.
Pambuyo pobwezeretsa, nthaka imakhala yozungulira ndi kuthirira ndi chomera china.
Kwa ulimi wothirira muyenera kupeza 1.5-2 zidebe za madzi osungunuka, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kuyamwa. Mutatha kuthirira mulch wabwino.
Kudulira kudyetsa zomera ziyenera kutsogozedwa pa kuthetsa nthambi zouma. Komanso pangani primary shaping wa korona, kusiya 3-4 nthambi zazikulu.
M'tsogolomu Mbewu imayenera kuthirira nthawi zonse ngati nyengo ilibe mvula.
Mzere wa Pristol nthawi zonse udzu, pitirizani kusungira nsomba.
Chinyama chaching'ono chikhoza kuthyoledwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nyerere, nkofunika kutenga njira zothandizira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mpata waukulu wa kutsutsa kwa mitundu yosiyana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo tawapanga Chizhovskaya Pear wotchuka kwambiri ndi ankachita masewera wamaluwa. Kukana kwa mtengo kupita ku matenda //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html ndi Matenda ena a fungalimu ndi aakulu kwambiri. Amakula bwino ndipo amabala zipatso popanda mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Kukaniza nkhanambo kumawonetsedwa ndi mitundu ya peyala: Dessert Rossoshanskaya, Osennaya Yakovleva, Marble, Larinskaya ndi Svarog.
M'nyengo yozizira, mmera ndi wofunikira chitetezeni motsutsana ndi hares ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa. Kuti muchite izi, thunthu likulumikizidwa ndi zinthu (zisamaliro zakale zingagwiritsidwe ntchito) kapena zogwirizana ndi ubweya wautumbu.
Wodzichepetsa ndi chokoma peyala Chizhovskaya akupitiriza kugonjetsa zigawo zonse zatsopano.
Palibe vuto Iwo wakula kumwera madera a Russia, ku Ukraine ndi ku Belarus.
Wamkulu kuthekera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kupirira chimfine chachisanu Amapereka zifukwa zolimbikitsa izi zosiyanasiyana m'madera akummwera.
Yang'anani kanema za Chizhovskaya zosiyanasiyana, momwe mungapeze kuti yayambira nthawi yayitali bwanji, peyala ikuwoneka bwanji, ndi zina zambiri:
