Ng'ombezo zinamangidwa ndi anthu zaka zoposa 8 zikwi zisanafike. Tsopano ndiyo nyamakazi yowonongeka kwambiri pa Dziko lapansi pambuyo pa munthu.
Koma kodi ndi zabwino kuti anthu adziwe nyamayi, kukhala pafupi nawo kwa zaka zambiri?
Tidzaphunziranso zokhudzana ndi ng'ombe ndi zolakwika zomwe zimagwirizana nazo.
Zosangalatsa za ng'ombe
Zodziwika kwa ife ng'ombe, zomwe mkaka wawo umadya kwa zaka zambiri, zakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa.
Masomphenya achilendo
Ng'ombeyo, popanda kutembenuzira mutu wake, penyani 330º kuzungulira yokha. Masomphenya oterewa amamupangitsa wophunzira, omwe atambasulidwa mopanda malire, omwe amachititsa kuwala kwakukulu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malo okongola amaphatikizapo zomwe ziri kumbuyo kwake komanso zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi masentimita 20. 
Ngati atha kuona chithunzi cha ng'ombeyo, kutembenuzira mutu wake, sakuwona zinthu zomwe ziri patsogolo pa nkhope yake muzochitika zilizonse.
Misozi ndi njira yofunafuna
Ng'ombe yaikulu imakhala ndi mano 32: 24 miyezi ndi 8 incisors. Pofika zaka 4 mpaka 5, akugwedezana chifukwa chotsata nthawi zonse. Komanso, nyamayi ikhoza kufukula onse kumanja ndi kumanzere. 
Patsiku limodzi, ng'ombe yambiri imapanga makina pafupifupi 40,000 a nsagwada. Chifukwa chake, ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu, mano am'mwamba akugaya ndikuwoneka ngati mbale yunifolomu.
Mukudziwa? Mano a ng'ombe amakula moyo wawo wonse ndipo pangozi yotsalira popanda iwo ndi nyama izi sizoopsa. Amangokhalira kukula pang'onopang'ono, choncho mbuzi zakalamba zimachotsedwa, chifukwa sakhala ndi nthawi yakukula.
Kumveka bwino kununkhiza
Nyama zimenezi zimakhala ndi maganizo abwino. Amamva fungo pamtunda wa makilomita asanu ndi limodzi ndikupeza ammoniia omwe amadzipiritsika amadzimadzimadzi okwanira 1 mpaka 100,000. Fungo lina lingawapangitse kuti asokonezeke.
Zosiyana zosiyana za kudzichepetsa
Pakati pa ng'ombeyi muli zizindikiro 11, mothandizidwa ndi zizindikiro zosiyana siyana za 40-60. Asayansi anazindikira ngakhale kupezeka kwa mawu 15. Ndi nthano imodzi ng'ombe imamenyetsa mwamuna, ina imati nthawi yafika yoti adye. Ali pangozi, amafalitsa mofuula komanso mantha.
Pofuna kusamalira ng'ombe, zidzakhala zofunikira kuti mudziwe za njira zodyetsera ng'ombe, ndi ng'ombe ziti zomwe zimayesedwa kuti ndi zabwino, momwe ng'ombe ikuyendera, momwe angatchere ng'ombe, chifukwa chiyani nkofunika kudula ng'ombe za ng'ombe?
Nyama zokoma
Ng'ombe ndi zinyama, sizilekerera kusungulumwa ndipo zimatha kukhala ndi chikondi. M'busa, ambiri a iwo amasonkhana m'magulu ndikugwirana. Amakhalanso ogwirizana ndi anthu omwe amawachitira bwino, kuwasamalira ndi kuyankhula nthawi yomweyo. 
Khalidwe lachikondi la ogwira ntchito likuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mkaka wotulutsidwa, koma mawu achipongwe ndi onyoza amathandiza kuchepetsa mkaka. Ngati ng'ombe yomweyi ikuyang'anira mwana wa ng'ombe, imakula bwino.
Ndikofunikira! Mu nkhokwe ayenera kuikidwa ng'ombe, poganizira zokonda zaubwenzi ndi malo okhala pafupi ndi "abwenzi", akuyenda podyetsa. Apo ayi, mkaka zipatso zingachepetse.
Kumbukirani bwino
Ng'ombe kukumbukira ndi kusiyanitsa anthu omwe amawatumikira, kunja, kununkhira ndi mawu, mtundu wa zovala, choncho antchito amavala zovala zofanana. Nyama zimatha kupeza njira yopita kwawo popanda kuthandizidwa ndi mbusa.
Muyenera kuganiza musanapweteke ng'ombe ngakhale mawu. Amakumbukira wolakwirayo, amatha kusamvetsetsa ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mkaka ndi wogwira ntchito.
Akhoza kulira
Ng'ombe zikulira, komanso osati pamene zimatsogozedwa kukaphedwa. Mwachitsanzo, mungakhumudwe chifukwa cha zinthu zatsopano. Panalibe vuto pamene ng'ombe yochokera ku Scotland inalira kwambiri kukonzanso nyumba zawo, kuti idakonzedwanso ndi matabwa akale kachiwiri, ndipo pokhapokha iye anadzichepetsa. 
Chithunzi chodabwitsa pamphuno
Kujambula pa mphuno ya ng'ombe iliyonse ndiyeniyeni, monga zala za munthu. Ku United States, izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza nyama zomwe zabedwa.
Mvetserani njira yakuphera
Nyama izi zimamva pamene zimatengedwa kukaphedwa. Panali vuto pamene, pamene ankanyamula ziweto kupha, ng'ombe imodzi inathyola mpanda m'galimoto ndi kuthawa. Pamene adathawa, adayenera kusambira kudutsa nyanja ndikubisala m'nkhalango.
Pamene ogwira ntchito zaulimi, omwe othawa kwawo anali, adayamba kumunyengerera kumsasa, adawonetsa nkhanza ndipo anayamba kuwathamangira.
Dziwani kuti mitundu ya mkaka imatchedwa yabwino kwambiri, komanso yodziŵikiratu zenizeni za kusamalira ng'ombe za mkaka monga Yaroslavl, Ayrshire, Brown Latvia.
Nyama Yopatulika ku India
Ahindu amalemekeza kwambiri ng'ombe ndipo amaganiza kuti ndi nyama yopatulika. Amamutcha kuti "Gau-mata", omwe amatanthawuza kuti "mayi wa ng'ombe." Chifaniziro cha ng'ombe nthawi zambiri chimapezeka mu Chihindu. 
Ku India, chinyama ichi chimatha kutsekereza msewu ndikuvulaza katundu, ndipo Amwenye sadzam'thamangitsa.
Mukudziwa? M'madera 20 a ku India, kuphedwa kwa nyama yopatulikayi ndi chigamulo chimene amamangidwa kwa zaka khumi. Ambiri mwa iwo, ndizophwanya malamulo kudya nyama, ngakhale kutumizidwa kuchokera ku mayiko ena.
Nthano ndi zonyenga za ng'ombe
Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti ng'ombe ndizobisika, zopepuka komanso zopusa, koma zenizeni sizinali choncho.
Musasiyanitse mitundu
Ng'ombeyo ikuwona ndi maso osati ngati munthu. Komabe, chinyamachi sichimaoneka khungu ndipo chimasiyanitsa pakati pa mtundu wofiira, woyera, buluu, wachikasu, wobiriwira, koma malingaliro a mithunzi ndi ofooka komanso osadziwika.
Choncho, pa ng'ombe yamphongo, ng'ombe sizimakopeka ndi chofiira cha chovala cha ng'ombe, koma ndi makina atsulo. Usiku, kuyang'ana kwa ng'ombe kumachepa, ndipo maso akuyamba kuyaka mumdima.
Nyama zochepa
Mwina chifukwa cha maonekedwe ndi khalidwe labwino m'mabusa, ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ng'ombe zikuchedwa. Iwo amayenda mwakachetechete mumsewu waukulu, kuwoloka msewu, ambiri, iwo sali mofulumira kulikonse. Ndipotu, ayi. Nyama izi zingakhale zofulumira komanso zogwira ntchito pangozi. 
Iwo amatha kufika msinkhu wa makilomita 50 pa ola, koma nyama zimatenga mphamvu zambiri kuti ziziyenda bwino, kuthamanga kwambiri sikukhala motalika. Pa nthawi yomweyi, akazi amachedwa kuthamanga pakakhala ngozi, koma amuna - kuthamangira kuthetsa ngozi yotereyi.
Mukudziwa? Zakhala zikuwonedwa kale: ngati muyandikira ng'ombe mwamphamvu ndi mosayembekezereka, nthawi zambiri imawopsyeza. Chifukwa cha chodabwitsa ichi ndi chakuti, chifukwa cha chipangizo chapadera cha diso, ng'ombe zikuwona zonse pazowonjezereka.
Wopusa
Pali lingaliro kuti ng'ombe ndizopusa. Ichi ndichinthu china cholakwika. Zinyama izi ndi zovuta kuphunzitsa, koma sikuti ndizopusa, koma chifukwa chakuti samvera kuti achite ntchito yophunzitsa osapindulitsa ndi yopanda pake.
Mwini aliyense wa ng'ombe anganene kuti ali anzeru, chifukwa iwo omwe amapita kukadyetsa ndikubwerera kunyumba ku barani, amadziwa bwino nthawi yomwe nthawi yobisala ikubwera, ndipo amamuyitana mwiniyo, ngati ukhondo ndipo sangapite ku malo odyetsa, iwo sangalowetse malo oyeretsa.
Iwo amatha kuganizira zomwe zinachitikira ena - pamene akulandira mphamvu yamagetsi kuti asalankhulane ndi mpanda, womwe uli pansi pa mpweya, anthu 12% okha a ziweto amapeza zotsatira zofanana.
Dziwani nokha ndi ziweto zabwino kwambiri za ng'ombe, komanso phunzirani zenizeni zokhudzana ndi kusunga ng'ombe monga Hereford, Belgium, Highland, Aberdeen Angus, Kazakh white-headed, Shorthorn.
Mayina a chidwi
Kwa abambo ambiri, ng'ombe sizinyama chabe, koma chakudya cha banja. Pambuyo pobereka, ana a ng'ombe onse akuwonekera amatchulidwa. Ng'ombe, monga zinyama zambiri, zimasiyanitsa phokoso, kotero dzina loyitanidwa liri bwino kusankha osangalatsa ndi nyimbo. 
Pakubereka dzina limakhala ndi udindo waukulu, monga amasankhidwa ndi ng'ombe zomwe zimagwiritsira ntchito dzina la mayiyo, ndi ng'ombe - makalata a dzina la bambo. Pa chifukwa ichi, akaunti zimasungidwa m'makhadi ofanana.
Ndikofunikira! Maphunziro a ku yunivesite ya Newcastle asonyeza kuti mkaka wabwino umaphatikizapo kukhalapo kwa ng'ombe. Pambuyo pa kafukufuku m'mapulasi akuluakulu a ku England okwana 512 omwe ali ndi ng'ombe, ziwerengero zomwe anapeza zimasonyeza kuti kutchulidwa kuti ng'ombe zimatulutsa pafupifupi 200 malita ambiri mkaka.
Zinyama zimapatsidwa dzina malingana ndi chikhalidwe, mawonekedwe, ndi nthawi yoberekera.
Kawirikawiri maina a maina amatchulidwa malinga ndi zofunikira izi:
- miyezi yakubadwa - Martha, Noyabrina, Dekabrina, May, Oktyabrinka;
- nyengo ndi nthawi ya tsiku - Nochka, Dawn, Snowball, Utawaleza;
- Mitundu ya chivundikiro cha ubweya - Ryzhuha, Pestryanka, Belyanka, Black;
- zida - Dikarka, Nezhenka, Predin;
- mayina a mayiko - Libiya, Amsterdam, Alaska;
- mayina a maluwa - Rosochka, Chamomile, Lily, Violet ndi ena.
Malinga ndi zilembo za zilembo, ng'ombe zimapatsidwa mayina awa:
- A - Alenka, Aurora, Augusta, Ada, Agafya, Aza, Alice, Arkady, Arina, Asoli, Aphrodite, Azazel;
- B - Butterfly, Barbara, Berta, Squirrel, Businka, Bike, Baroness, Ballerina, Freenka;
- B - Vanessa, Varka, Valka, Barbara, Vasilisa, Venus, Cherry, Will, Merry;
- D - Gazelle, Hera, Gloria, Nkhunda, Jackdaw, Countess, Peyala, Woopsa, Gertrude, Gerd;
- D - Dunyasha, Dashul, Darin, Deva, Gina, Dekabrina, Julie, Juliet, Dina, Dikark, Dorofey, Dora, Thumbelina;
- E - Eve, Yolka;
- J - Zhuzha, Zhanna, Pearl, Josephine, Jasmine, Jule, Jeanette;
- W - Kukondwera, Nyenyezi, Zarnitsa, Zinka, Zaya, Zoyka, Zizi, Zlatka, Dawn;
- Ndi - Ivushka, Spark, Toffee, Toy, Isabella, Isolde, Irene;
- K - Droplet, Kalina, Klyopa, Klara, Coquette, Chophimba, Mkazi Wabwino, Mwana, Doll, Wopusa;
- L - Lada, Lastochka, Laska, Lilya, Laura, Dona, Leila, Lyubasha, Lyusya, Lyalka;
- M - Mike, Manyashka, Malinka, Madame, Baby, Melanka, Margot, Martha, Marquise, Motya, Monica, Murka, Musya, Mukha, Mashka;
- H - Musaiwale, Nika, Naina, Nochka, Nino, Nicole, Nastya, Nyusha, Nora;
- Pafupi - Octave, Olympia, Osinka, Ophelia, Olya, Olivia;
- P - Pava, Pestruha, Parisian, Mpikisano, Namwali, Polka, Mthandizi, Pelageya;
- R - Utawaleza, Rezvaya, Chamomile, Rimma, Ryzhukha, Ryaba, Ravenna, Raquel, Rocket, Rita;
- S - Sarah, Northerner, Sentyabrynka, Silva, Seraphim, Odala, Serenade, Tale, Zakale, Snowball, Sofa;
- T - Tina, Silent, Tom, Theon, Teresa, Tonya, Tuchka;
- Y - Luck, Goodie, Smile, Ulyana;
- F - Fedora, Thekla, Violet, Fairy, Fi, Fifa;
- X - Chloe, Mkazi, Hanna;
- C - Gypsy, Flower, Thuku;
- H - Cheryomushka, Cheburashka, Chernyavka, Chita;
- W - Chokoleti, Chinthu;
- Yu - Yunona, Yuzhanka, Yulka, Yula;
- Ndili Java, Janka, Berry, Jamaica, Yara.
Ndipo chofunika kwambiri - dzina lakutchulidwa limaperekedwa nthawi zonse malingana ndi zomwe amakonda komanso malingaliro a eni ake.Kwa anthu, ng'ombe ndi gwero la madalitso ambiri. Momwe amafunikiranso manyowa ndizofunikira, monga zimapangira nthaka, koma chofunika kwambiri ndi kukhoza mkaka - osati chabe chimene anthu ambiri amamutcha iye namwino wosamalira.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo ali ndi makhalidwe ena ambiri - amadziwa kukhala mabwenzi ndi kumverera chikondi, amadziwa bwino kuphunzira kuchokera ku zolakwa za ena, ali ndi kukumbukira bwino.
