Mu akalulu a mtundu wa siliva wa Poltava, ubweya wabwino ndi ubweya wa zikopa zimaphatikizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri chodyetsa nyama.
Nyama yokongola iyi imayenerera malo ake okwezeka mu utsogoleri wa abambo a kalulu.
Tsatanetsatane wamabambo
Mtundu uwu sungasokonezedwe ndi wina aliyense, chifukwa chovala cha mtundu wa fungo la siliva ndichimodzimodzi kwa woimirira wa mitunduyo. Ngakhale, chifukwa cha mayina ena ambiri, chisokonezo chingabwere ndi tanthauzo la mitundu. "Poltavan" imatchedwanso siliva, Solidi, siliva.
Mukudziwa? Ubweya wa kalulu wa mtundu wa siliva wotchedwa Poltava umatchedwa "backback", pamutu uwu ukhoza kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chingerezi kudzera mu masewera othamanga - "kutembenuka ndi 180 °". Pano ife tiri ndi malingaliro a mthunzi wa kukhala ndi mthunzi wowala wa imvi pansi ndi kumdima kwambiri mpaka mapeto.
Mbiri yopondereza
Zinyama zokhala ndi ubweya wa siliva zinapezeka m'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages ku India, ndipo zinabweretsedwa ku Ulaya ndi a Spanish apolisi, kumene Afilipi ankakonda kwambiri, omwe mwa chisankho chautali ankalimbikitsa mtundu wa Champagne. Asayansi a Soviet anayamba kugwira ntchito ndi mitundu imeneyi kamodzi m'maphinda awiri - "Petrovsky" (Poltava dera, Chiyukireniya SSR) ndi "Fur" (Tula dera, RSFSR). Anali anthu a Poltava mu 1952 omwe adatha kupanga mtundu wokhala ndi ubweya wokongola, nyama yokoma komanso osagwirizana ndi nyengo yozizira. 
Maonekedwe ndi thupi
Oimira a Poltava siliva apanga minofu. Nyama zimenezi ndi zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe zimawasiyanitsa ndi mitundu yofanana ndi imene anabzala.
Dziwani bwino omwe akuimira nyama, pansi ndi ubweya, komanso mitundu yokongoletsera ya akalulu.Nazi zotsatira zenizeni za Silver:
- Thupi yaitali kuposa omwe amalombo ena a ku Ulaya, minofu, yogwirizana.
- Mtundu ana aang'ono akalulu, ndipo mwezi wachinayi umayamba kupeza mtundu wake wa "ndalama". Pamene akukula, mtundu wa ubweya umawonekera kwambiri ndipo imapangitsa kuti nyamayo imve "imvi".
- Mutu ali ndi mawonekedwe oblong, omwe, kachiwiri, sakuvomereza ndi fupa lalifupi la European analogues.
- Kumva mofanana ndi thupi ndipo bwino.
- Maso bulauni.
- Khosi minofu, kawirikawiri inayamba.
- Chifuwa Mapangidwe apakati, ndipo mbali ya kumbuyo kwa thunthu imamangirira, kuzungulira;
- Kubwerera molunjika, mokhala ponseponse.
Makhalidwe othandiza
Maonekedwe okongola a chinyama akuphatikizidwa ndi kutha msinkhu, kusewera kwapamwamba komanso kukoma kwa nyama. Zonsezi palimodzi zimapangitsa mtunduwo kukhala wamtengo wapatali kwambiri.
Makhalidwe abwino ndi awa:
- kulemera kwa kalulu wamkulu ndi pafupifupi makilogalamu 6;
- kutalika kwa thupi ndi pafupi masentimita 55, nthawizina mpaka 60 cm;
- Zaka zowonongeka zowonongeka ndi miyezi 3-4, pamene munthu amafika pamtunda wa makilogalamu 1.5-2, popeza kudyetsa kwina kumakhala kopanda phindu phindu lachuma, ndipo pambali pa msinkhu umenewo, nyama ili ndi kukoma kwake;
- Nyama yotulutsa nyama m'miyezi 3-4 imakhala 55 mpaka 65% ya kulemera kwa thupi;
- Zomwe zimasankhidwa ndi opanga mankhwala zimapezeka pafupifupi mwezi umodzi kuchokera pakapita mimba (kuchokera masiku 28 mpaka 33) - Bunny imabweretsa zinyalala za 8-9, ndipo nthawizina ana 12.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Polankhula za Poltava siliva, ndiyenera kuwonetsera ubwino wa mtundu umenewu poyerekeza ndi akalulu ena. Palibe nthabwala, kuti khungu lake liri pafupi msinkhu wofanana ndi mtundu ndi chinchilla, pamene ili ndi dera lalikulu. Zizindikiro zoterezi zimayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi opanga zovala za ubweya.
Werengani za oimira ena a mitundu ya nyama ya kalulu ndi malangizo a khungu: Rex ndi Blue blue.
Pali zovuta zotsutsana ndi "Poltava nzika", koma pali ubwino wambiri:
- maganizo abwino ndi kusowa kwaukali;
- kutha msinkhu;
- mkulu;
- koma kukula kwakukulu;
- chisanu kukana ndi kuthekera kosunga malo osagwirizana;
- kudzichepetsa mu zakudya;
- chokoma, nyama yowakometsera ya mtundu wa ma marble;
- Kuzoloŵera kuzoloŵezi tsiku ndi akapolo;
- utoto wakuda, wokongola ndi ubweya wapamwamba.
Zina mwa zofookazi, zimatha kuzindikira kuti zinyama zimakhala zovuta kulekerera kutentha ndi kutentha kwambiri.Kusamalira ndi kusamalira
Anthu a ku Poltava sasiliva amanyalanyaza kwambiri ku zikhalidwe zomangidwa ndi kusamalidwa pansi pa nyengo yozizira. Komanso, nyengo yozizira imapatsa khungu lawo kukongola kwake.
Ndikofunikira! Kukhazika mtima pansi kwa mtundu uwu kumapangitsa kukhala kosatheka kumusunga iye ngati chiweto pamkhalidwe wa nyumba. Komabe, chibadwa cha kubereka chidzapangitsa munthu kukhala wokondwa kwambiri kuposa mbuzi yosagwiritsa ntchito chibadwa chokhazikitsidwa ndi chirengedwe.
Kusankhidwa ndi makonzedwe a maselo
Khola siliyenera kukhala pafupi, chiweto chili ndi ufulu wowonetsera ntchito (pafupifupi 250 mm mtunda kuchokera kwa oyandikana nawo) - kusunthira ku mphamvu, kutambasula miyendo. Zokongola kwambiri pazinthu izi ndizo malo abwino, omwe ali ndi zigawo ziwiri zomwe zili ndi ndime kumbali zonse ziwiri. Misewu imayenera kukhala ndi denga kuti iteteze ziweto ku mvula ndi dzuwa. 
Mavuto a kutentha kwa oimira mtunduwo ayenera kukhala ozizira 17-23 ° C. Zinyamazi zimatha kulekerera chisanu nthawi zambiri, koma nthawi yotentha zimakhala zouma ndipo zimayesera kubisala mumthunzi wawo. Kutentha kwakukulu kumakhudzanso thanzi la "Poltavtsy", choncho muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa chikhalidwe cha zinyalala ndikuzisintha nthawi. Kuwongolera zinyalala ndikofunikanso kuyeretsa chimbudzi chokwanira, kumene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingayambe. Dzuwa lodziwika ndi losafunika kwambiri kwa nyama zomwe sizilekerera kutentha.
Pezani mtundu wanji wa makola a akalulu komanso omwe mungasankhe bwino. Timalangizanso kuti mudzidziwe nokha ndi malangizo a magawo ndi ndondomeko yopanga khola la kalulu pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Zolotukhin.
Mtengo, chinyezi ndi liwiro la kayendetsedwe ka mpweya (mphepo, zolemba) zimakhudza kwambiri thanzi la kalulu. Yathandizira kupuma ndikupyola mukutentha kwake kuchuluka kwa mpweya wouma kapena zinthu zovulaza zomwe zingasakanike ndi mankhwala opunditsidwa. Choncho, mu chipinda chomwe maselo alipo, kufalikira kwa mpweya wouma ndi kusakhala kwa drafts kuyenera kuonetsetsedwa (akalulu akugwira ozizira kuchokera kwa iwo). 
Grid cell size kumbali yakutsogolo ya khola imatsimikiziridwa chifukwa cha chitetezo, kuti kalulu asawononge mphuno ndi mapeto ake - galasi ndi chivundikiro cha 2.5 x 2.5 cm ndi waya wa 1.8 mpaka 2.5 mm amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zikhoza kumwera m'khola (ngakhale mu mawonekedwe osapangidwira - mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku botolo lalikulu la pulasitiki) ndi kupeza malo odyetserako okha - malinga ndi malo a maselo.
Werengani za kupanga wophikira kalulu ndi manja anu.
Malamulo osamalira
Kupanga malamulo osavuta a ukhondo kumathandiza akalulu kuti azikhala bwino ndikukhala omasuka. Pafupipafupi kamodzi pa sabata m'pofunikira kuchita kuyeretsa ndi kusuta maselo. Chidebecho chimaloledwa m'malo mwake, ndipo, makamaka chofunika, chinyezi - monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ziweto sizilekerera chinyezi chokwanira.
Muyeneranso kuwonjezera madzi abwino nthawi zonse (kapena kusintha kwathunthu mu mbale ya madzi), chotsani zotsalira za chakudya chosadetsedwa, kuyang'anira zinyama, kuzindikira nkhawa zawo, ndi kuchotsa zifukwa zake panthawi. 
Nyama yatsopano yatsopano iyenera kukhala paokha kwa masiku osachepera 14 kuti ikwaniritse nthawi yowonjezereka chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana. Masiku atatu oyambirira a kalulu amatulutsidwa ndi antibiotic. Ngati matenda akukayikidwa, nyama iliyonse idzapatulidwa ndikuyang'anitsitsa.
Katemera
Ndibwino kuti, akalulu Poltava siliva ayenera kukhala pansi pa kuyang'aniridwa ndi veterinarian - ndizofunika kwambiri pa ubweya ndi mafakitale a zakudya, ndi kuswana. Matenda aakulu ndi myxomatosis ndi matenda opatsirana, omwe amayamba katemera omwe ali ndi zaka 1.5. Kuwonjezera pa katemera, antihistamines amaperekedwa kwa kalulu. Ngati chinyama chidakali odwala, chimangophedwa kuti matendawa asafalikire ku gulu lonse. Anthu omwe anali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi odwala amatumizidwa kuika kokha.
Ndikofunikira! Kufunika kogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ayenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi veterinarian, amene angasankhe ndondomeko yogwiritsira ntchito ndikusankha mlingo woyenera.
Kudyetsa malamulo
Nyama yathanzi iyenera kukhala ndi zakudya zoyenera, motero m'pofunikira kusankha zakudya za akalulu, ndikuganizira zomwe akatswiri amanena komanso zomwe zimachitika m'deralo.
N'chiyani chingatheke
Oimira mtunduwo ndi odzichepetsa osati zowonongeka chabe ndi zofunikira zowonongeka, komanso chakudya. Poltava siliva amadya mbewu iliyonse yambewu, nyemba, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, nthambi ndi udzu wobiriwira ndi udzu wouma. 
Mukamadyetsa, ganizirani zotsatirazi:
- udzu wouma kapena udzu (udzu) uyenera kupezeka pa zakudya tsiku ndi tsiku - gawoli la chakudya limathandiza pakukula zakudya zovuta;
- simungathe kupitirira akalulu ndi tirigu - kumachepetsa kubereka, kumabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri ndi ntchito yochepa;
- Mbewu zazing'ono ndi zolimba za zomera zowola mano a kalulu ziyenera kukhala mu khola.
Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe ngati n'zotheka kupereka nyemba, nettle, chimanga, chitsamba chowawa, mphesa, ndi nthambi za chitumbuwa kwa akalulu.
Chimene sichikhoza kudyetsa
Si mankhwala onse omwe ali oyenerera akalulu, komanso sizilingo zonse zogulitsidwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powadyetsa. Pano pali zolakwika zazikulu ndi zoletsa pakudyetsa:
- Zakudya zomwe zili ndi mapuloteni ndizofunika, koma ziyenera kukhala zoumba, choncho ndiletsedwa kupereka "odzola";
- Si zamasamba zonse zomwe zimathandiza nyama - mndandanda wa zoletsedwa pali mbatata, zofiira kabichi, masamba a nightshade (phwetekere ndi biringanya), nkhaka, anyezi, tebulo beet;
- zipatso zachilendo monga mapeyala, mango, kiwis, ndi zina zotero. - kuwagwiritsa ntchito kudyetsa kumakhala kosamvetsetseka kuchokera ku malingaliro a zachuma;
- Zokolola zina zimavulaza thanzi, ndipo sizikhala zotsalira - izi zimaphatikizapo mapira, mpunga, rye, pamene zimagwirizanitsa pamodzi ndi kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa mitsempha yamkati mkati mwake;
- nyemba zobiriwira, pea puree ndi tirigu wokonzeka osati zakudya za kalulu;
- pamene haymaking, ziyenera kuzindikiritsa zomwe zimawoneka pokhapokha, chifukwa sizitsamba zonse zomwe zimadulidwa ndizoyenera kudyetsa zinyama - zitsamba monga udzu, celandine, udzu wogona ndi zina zomwe zingayambitse poizoni zingalowe mu chakudya;
- Zotsalira kuchokera pa tebulo, makamaka zamasamba, sizili zoyenera kupereka kwa akalulu.
Mukudziwa? Malingana ndi kafukufuku, maso a akalulu amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri yokha - yofiira ndi yobiriwira.
Mbali yobereketsa nyama zinyama
Kukula msinkhu kwa azimayi a mtundu uwu kumabwera ali ndi zaka zoposa 4, atatha kufika kumene iye amakhala mu khola kwa mwamuna. Musanakwatirane muyenera kudziwa mfundo zotsatirazi kuchokera ku kalulu:
- nthawi ya estrus ndi masiku asanu, ndipo patapita masiku asanu ndi atatu imabwerezedwa - izi ndizo chifukwa cha akalulu olemera kwambiri;
- Ndibwino kuti mwana wamwamuna azisungidwa kwa amayi 5-6 kwa masiku angapo;
- Kalulu wamng'ono wa mtundu wa siliva wa Poltava akhoza kupanga malita asanu pachaka, ndipo chiwerengero cha akalulu pa aliyense akhoza kukhala 8-12;
- 1-2 patapita masiku amodzi, mkaziyo ndi wokonzeka kutsogolo;
- Makanda ali wakuda pakubadwa, koma mkati mwa masabata angapo amakhala ndi mtundu wawo wa siliva.
Mimba ya kalulu imatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, kenako atabereka ana akulemera 75 g. Akalulu amakula mofulumira ndi kuthandizidwa kwa amayi, omwe apanga chibadwa cha amayi - ali ndi luso labwino lakudyetsa. Pa masabata 4-6 a moyo, anyamatawa amalekanitsidwa ndi amayi ndipo amayamba moyo wodziimira pawokha, pang'onopang'ono akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzinthu za ndende komanso zakudya za kalulu wamkulu.
Poltava siliva ndi mtundu wapaderadera, wodzichepetsa, wodzitetezera, zomwe nyama ndi zikopa zimakhala ndizo zikuluzikulu za kutchuka kwa alimi. Ndipo kuzizira kwakumwa kwa kalulu kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukula mu dziko pafupifupi kulikonse.
