Kulima zipatso kumadera akutali kwambiri kuposa omwe amapanga vinyo, kuli pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri. Makumi awiri si kanthu poyerekeza ndi miyambo yakale komanso ya zaka zana zapitazo yolima mpesa kumwera kwa Europe, Mediterranean kapena ku Caucasus, chifukwa chake, olima oyambira kumene ali ndi mafunso angapo, omwe amalumikizana.
Kulungamitsidwa kwa Ankalumikiza
Pakulima kwa dimba, mu nazale ndi mashopu, mitundu yambiri yopanda mizu yokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino tsopano imaperekedwa; kudula kumazika mizu mwangwiro: bwanji mukugwiritsa ntchito Ankalumikiza? Tiyerekeze, ku Europe, kunali kotheka kuyimitsa chiwopsezo cha aphid - phylloxera yochokera ku America pomalumikiza mitundu yamderali pamatangadza aku America omwe amalimbana ndi izi. Mliri woterewu sitiopa mantha athu, ndiye tingapindule chiyani?
Katemera amathandiza winemaker kupambana pazinthu zotsatirazi:
- pewani kuzula tchire, lomwe lataya mphukira (chifukwa cha chisanu, kukalamba, kuwonongeka ndi mbewa, ndi zina), ndikubwezeretsa korona mkati mwa nyengo zingapo;
- kufalitsa mwachangu mitundu yosatheka, yosowa kapena yodula;
- sinthani mitundu yotopetsa kapena yokhumudwitsa ndi ina yatsopano pogwiritsa ntchito mizu yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale;
- Kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi matenda;
- onjezani kuuma kwa nyengo yachisanu m'munda wamphesa pogwiritsa ntchito masheya osagwira
- kuchulukitsa kulekerera kwa mitundu ina kumadothi osakwanira - acidic kwambiri, calcareous, youma kapena, mosiyana, ndi malo ambiri am'madzi;
- kupeza mbewu zoyambirira, kubzala m'matangadza a mitundu yoyambirira ndi yakucha - izi zimachitika makamaka kumpoto;
- pangani tchire labanja kuphatikiza mphukira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana pazu umodzi - izi sizimangopulumutsa malo, komanso zimawoneka zokongoletsa kwambiri;
- Kusintha kwa zipatso zamitundu ina: mitundu ina ya masheya ndi ma scion zingakhudze kukoma ndi kukula kwa mphesa.
Ma aphid a mphesa amatsogolera pakuphatikizidwa kwa minda yamphesa ku Europe
Pambuyo powerenga mndandandandandandandi mwatsatanetsatane wa mapindulitsa, owerenga vinyo ambiri angakhale ndi chisangalalo kuti ayambe kumalumikiza nthawi yomweyo, koma kuphatikiza mphesa ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa mitengo yazipatso. Choyamba, musaiwale za lingaliro lofunika monga ubale, kapena kuyanjana kwamasheya ndi scion:
- Mtengo ndiye maziko a mtengo wazipatso, kenako Zomwe zabzalidwa. Mtundu wa mizu, kukana kwa mbewu kumatenda komanso kusinthasintha kwa zinthu zakunja (kuzizira, chilala, dothi losakondera), komanso zina mwazipatso (kukula, kuthamanga, etc.) zimatengera mawonekedwe ake. Zomera zimapangira zakudya komanso kukula.
- Prioya - phesi kapena impso, zomwe zimalumikizidwa kumtengo yachitsulo, zimasiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso ndi zipatso.
M'matchulidwe akale omwe adafotokozedwa kale ndi ntchito zamitengo, mutu wa chiyanjano cha mitundu yakudziko siphunziridwa bwino, malingaliro osavomerezeka amaperekedwa m'magulu amitundu mitundu, chifukwa ambiri aiwo amakayikira komanso mikangano yambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukhala okonzekera zoyesa zokhudzana ndi zolephera zonse komanso zomwe mwapeza mosangalala.
Njira Zoyesera Mphesa
Maukadaulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikiza mphesa ndiofanana ndi mitengo ina yazipatso:
- kugawa / theka
- kukopera kosavuta
- kusintha kwabwino,
- maluwa
- pa nthomba ya omegoobrazny ndi ena.
Izi ndi njira zomwe zigawo zamatumbo ndi zodulira zimadulidwira ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwa wina ndi mnzake. Omwe alimi ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zopepuka kwambiri - kukopera ndi kugawanitsa, ndipo amakhutira ndi zotsatirazi: ndi njirazi chifukwa ndikofunikira kuphunzira kuphunzirira katemera. Chifukwa chake, kukopera kosavuta kumapezeka kwa aliyense amene amadziwa kupanga mpeni wakuthwa:
Chilichonse ndichopepuka: timadula, kulumikiza, kukonza
Pali zinsinsi zitatu zakuchita bwino:
- muyeso wofanana wa scion ndi stock;
- Mpeni wakuthwa ndi waukhondo (mpaka chosakwanira) - zida zonse za katemera ziyenera kukhala zoyera kuti mupewe matenda omwe amabwera ndi mabakiteriya kapena fungi;
- kuphatikizana kwa zigamba za cambial pamtunda wa katemera.
Ndime yomaliza imafunikira kumveka. Ganizirani kapangidwe ka chogwirira:
Cambium - woonda wowonekera pansi pa khungwa la mtengo
Cambium, yemwenso ndi cambial wosanjikiza, ndi yopyapyala, yodumphira pamtundu wa kukhudza komwe titha kuzindikira pochotsa makungwa pamtengo. Ndiye amene amayang'anira kukula kwa mphukira pakachulukidwe ndikupanga zombo zomwe zimadyetsa mbewu. Cambium imagwira ntchito makamaka masika, munthawi ya kutuluka kwa thukuta, komwe kumafotokoza katemera wotchuka kwambiri wamasamba. Pokhudzana, ma cambial magawo ogulitsa ndi ma scion amakula limodzi kukhala imodzi (amapanga cholumikizira), ndipo mapangidwe azombo wamba amayamba: zakudya zimakhazikitsidwa mumtengowo, ndipo masamba akuyamba kukula. Chifukwa chake, kulumikizana kwa cambium osachepera mbali imodzi ya gawo ndilofunikira.
Kupititsa patsogolo Kukhazikika - njira yomwe imapereka njira yodalirika kwambiri yodulira. Mu kagawo, otchedwa lilime lomwe limaletsa scion kuti isatseke pakuchepera pang'ono kwa gawo:
Kuyesetsa kowonjezerapo - ndi ma scion amakonzedwa mokulira
Kuphatikizana kwa katemera aliyense amakhala ndi filimu (nthawi zina imakhala ndi tepi yamagetsi), ndipo gawo lapamwamba la scion limakutidwa ndi varnish yaminda kapena sera.
Kugawanitsa kumalumikizanso. Nthawi yomweyo, imayikidwa mu chidebe chogawika mpaka masentimita 3-5, ndipo ngati mulifupi wa chitsa mutha magawo awiri-atatu (i.e. ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu), odulidwa ndi wedge. Magawo a cambial pano azigwira m'mphepete mwa splinter. Misewuyi imakokedwa pamodzi ndi twine, wokutidwa ndi kanema, wokutira kapena wokutira ndi dongo:
Ngati m'mimba mwake mulipo, zilumikizidwe ziwiri nthawi imodzi
Ndili ndi njirayi kuti mphesa zimalumikizidwanso nthawi zambiri - uku ndikulumikizana kwa chomera chachikulire kuti muthe kukonzanso kapena kusintha mitundu yonse. Ubwino wake waukulu ndi kulandira chatsopano chatsopano komanso kusowa kwa kufunikira kwa kuyesetsa kuthana ndi muzu wakale, pamalo omwe, mopitilira, ndikosayenera kubzala mbewu yomweyo zaka zingapo pambuyo pake (kutchedwa kutopa kwa nthaka). Nthawi yomweyo, adalowetsedwa mu tsinde kapena muzu.
Palibe amene angalephere kutchulapo njira ngati maluwa a maso - komanso yotchuka, koma yopweteka kwambiri, yofunikira mwaluso. Nthawi yomweyo, impso yokhala ndi gawo la khungwa ndi cambium imadulidwa kumtengowo ndikuyiyika mu T-mawonekedwe osokonekera mumakungwa a chitsa. Mphekesera ukadzakula, chitsa pamwamba pa impso yolumikizidwa chimadulidwa:
Ndikofunikira kudula mosamala Mphukira ya scion ndikuyiyika pansi pa bark
Mukadziwa luso la katemera wopambana ndi njirazi, mutha kuyamba kudziwa katemera wovuta kwambiri yemwe amafotokozeredwa mosavuta ndi alimi odziwa ntchito pamapulogalamu.
Komabe, kuphweka ndi zotsatira zabwino zimalonjezedwanso ndikutsatsa kwa kukhathamiritsa ma secateurs, kulola kuti zokongoletsa zilembedwe pazomwe zimatchedwa omegoobrazny nthowa. Komabe, malingaliro olakwika amakhala nawo:
Chipangizochi ndi chidole cha mafani omwe, pakufunika kulikonse, ayenera kupanga katemera mazana angapo "fakitale" - chimodzimodzi pamtunda ndi scion. Ngati ikufuna kumezetsa kulumikizidwa, ndiye kuti onse ndi osiyana ... Ndi kachulukidwe, ndi makulidwe, ndi phokoso ... Kunola chodulira chotere ndi vuto. Zomwe zidadulidwa zomwe ndizowongoka zimatha kukulilidwa, ndipo chitsulo chokhotakhota sichimatheka, osanenanso kumaliza kumaliza kusanja lamba wachikopa wokhala ndi GOI.
Nikolajvse-o-vinogradnoy-loze-koroleve-sada-3987.html
... ndipo mphamvu ya katemera nawonso ikuwoneka yotsika. Tili ndi katemera abwinobwino odulira kwakadali komanso lilime, kuwononga mphepo, mbalame ija tikhala pansi, koma pano sitingathe kuyankhula za kuthana mphamvu. IMHO, kusuntha izi. Ngakhale nkhani ndiyachidziwikire mbuye.
Sindinganene//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=16379
Kumanja kuli zitsanzo za anthu odulidwa ndi ma secateurs
Chifukwa chake, njira zakale zimawonekabe zodalirika komanso zothandiza.
Kukonzekera katemera
Nthawi zambiri mphesa, zomwe zidzafotokozeredwa pansipa, zimafuna kudulidwa kuchokera kumiphukira yapachaka. Kupeza zomwe zimatchedwa Chubuk zolimbitsa thupi mu kugwa. Sankhani mphukira zoyera zagolide zofiirira zokhala ndi mainchesi 6-12 mm. Kwa a Chubuk, amatenga gawo lapakati la mpirawo, ndikudula mabowo m'masentimita angapo kuchokera kumaso. Kutalika kokwanira kumakhala pakati pa masentimita 35-55. Pesi limatsukidwa masamba, tinyanga, kuteteza impso. Zidutswa zitha kupakidwa phula kuti zisaume. Sungani malo osiyidwa mpaka mukulumikizidwa m dzenje ndi mchenga 60 cm mwakuya, ndikuthiramo ndi kuyamba kwa chisanu, kapena p cellar kapena firiji - mu sandbox kapena botolo la pulasitiki. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 0 ° C.
Njira yosangalatsa komanso yosavuta yosungira zodula mufiriji - mu botolo la pulasitiki
Masiku angapo asanalandire katemera, odula amachotsedwa mnyumba yosungiramo, yosanjidwa, yowetsedwa m'madzi kwa masiku awiri, pang'onopang'ono kukweza kutentha kuchokera ku 10-15 ° C mpaka 25-28 ° C. Uchi (1 tbsp. L. Per 10 l. Ya madzi) kapena heteroauxin (0,2-0,5 g pa 10 l.) Umakonda kuwonjezeredwa ndi madzi; kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu njira ya potanganum permanganate (0.15-0.2 g / l) kutha kuchitika. Kenako adadula mbali ziwiri-zitatu zamaso, ndikupanga zigawo kumtunda kwa 1-2 masentimita kuchokera ku impso, otsika 4-5 masentimita kumalo ophunzirira.
Katemera wa mphesa nthawi zosiyanasiyana za chaka: masiku, mitundu ndi njira
Mutha kubzala mphesa chaka chonse - ngakhale nthawi yozizira. Koma munthawi iliyonse ya nyengo, mitundu ndi njira za katemera zimakhala zosiyana. Choyamba, katemera amagawidwa kukhala wobiriwira ndi desktop: yoyamba imaphatikizapo njira zomwe zimapangidwa pamtengo wokhazikitsidwa kuyambira pakudzuka mpaka masamba atagwa, katemera wa tebulo amatengedwa nthawi yozizira ndikuchotsa mwadongosolo kudula m'nthawi yopanda kanthu kuti mubzale kumezanitsa kumtengowo.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya zobiriwira zobiriwira mphesa, kutengera mawonekedwe a malo ogulitsira ndi scion ndi malo omwe zomangiranazo zimangiriridwa. Chiti:
- Ankalumikiza mphesa;
- Ankalumikiza muzu;
- Ankalumikiza mphesa zakuda mpaka zakuda;
- Ankalumikiza mphesa zobiriwira kubiriwira;
- Ankalumikiza mphesa zakuda mpaka zobiriwira.
Onani kuti ndi nyengo ziti, ndipo malamulo ake ndi ati.
Mphesa Ankalumikiza mu masika
Kuphatikiza masika ndi kotchuka kwambiri. Madeti ofunsidwa ndi Epulo-eyiti khumi Meyi. Awa ndi magulu osiyanasiyana, chifukwa choyambirira muyenera kuyang'ana osati pa kalendala, koma kutentha ndi chitsamba.
- kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kukhala kotsika ndi 15 ° С, ndipo nthaka osatsika ndi 10 ° С, komabe kutentha ndi dzuwa lamphamvu ziyenera kupewedwa;
- mu mpesa uyenera kuyamba kutuluka, kapena kutha kwa njuchi - izi zimachitika masamba asanathere pa sitolo.
Chapakatikati, amagwiritsa ntchito katemera wakuda ndi wakuda wokhala ndi zodula zakonzedwa kuyambira nthawi yophukira. Mutha kugwiritsira ntchito mphukira zachikulire za chitsamba chokulirapo, mbande zokulirapo, komanso kumalumikizanso mu tsinde, koma chomalizachi chimachitika nthawi zambiri, chifukwa tidzafotokoza pansipa.
Zovuta za njirayi panthawiyi ndikufunika kosavuta kwa malo achitetezo a dzuwa kuchokera ku dzuwa komanso kuzizira, makamaka ngati kumezanitsa kumayamba kukula. Komanso, kupangitsa kuti madzi azituluka, kuthirira chitsamba masiku angapo asanalowe kutemera.
Katemera wa kasupe wakuda mpaka wakuda wakwera bwino
Vidiyo: Kumalumikiza mphesa zakuda mpaka zakuda kumapeto
Vaccinations Vineyard Chilimwe
Munthawi yachilimwe (June-kumayambiriro kwa Julayi) katemera amaloledwa nyengo yofunda komanso yanyontho. Tilowetsani zobiriwira zobiriwira kapena zakuda mpaka zobiriwira. Ankhanira, motero, amawagwiritsa ntchito kukolola mu kugwa kapena kumene kudulidwa. Mutha kukumana ndi lingaliro kuti musagwiritse ntchito polyethylene pakukulunga katemera wa chilimwe, koma kuti mukulunga malo ophatikizika ndi nsalu yonyowa ndikuphimba ndi thumba ndi mthunzi pamwamba kuti mukhale chinyezi chachikulu. Izi sizothandiza kwambiri, koma zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira yachikhalidwe yomwe ili ndi filimu sizimapereka nyengo yadzuwa.
Katemera wotchuka wa chilimwe kubiriwira
Kubiriwira kubiriwira kubiriwira ndikofunikira, kosavuta kwambiri komanso mwachangu mtundu wa mphesa kumalumikiza komwe sikutanthauza kukonzekereratu. Zidutswa za scion zimadulidwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimalumikizidwa kumtengowo pachitsa chilichonse mwanjira iliyonse, nthawi zambiri mwa kutsitsa. Chachikulu ndikuchitapo kanthu mwachangu ndikuletsa kuti ziume. Komanso, kuti muchepetse chinyezi, masamba omwe amalumikizidwa amaduladula theka.
Vidiyo: Kumalumikiza mphesa zobiriwira kukhala zobiriwira
Kumalumikiza mphesa zakuda mpaka zobiriwira kumachitika mu June kapena Meyi, Meyi, Meyi, zodula zomwe zasungidwa kuyambira nthawi yophukira pa mphukira za mphesa zomwe zakula zimasungidwa kuyambira nthawi yophukira. Sikuwona ngati katemera wogwira ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa maumera azinthu za scion ndi stock ndiosiyana, komabe, njirayi imakhalanso ndi othandizira.
Vidiyo: Kumalumikiza mphesa zakuda mpaka zobiriwira
Katemera wa mphesa mu yophukira muyezo ndi muzu
Njira yodziwika kwambiri yopewa ndi katemera wogwiritsa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito njira yogawanirana kuti ipangitsenso chitsamba chakale. Zimafunikira kukonzekera bwino tsinde ndi malo abwino ogona nyengo yachisanu. Imachitika mu Okutobala-Novembala pa kutentha pafupifupi 15 ° C ndi mphepete mwa masabata awiri asanafike chisanu.
Polankhula za mitundu iyi ya katemera, ziyenera kudziwika koyamba kuti pazinthu zambiri za intaneti malingaliro a katemera mu stamb ndi mizu amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthika, pomwe ena tsinde limatanthawuza gawo la mlengalenga (mpaka 10-15 masentimita pamwamba pa muzu), komanso pansi pa chitsa. zobisika pansi pa nthaka mpaka kuya kwa cmcm mpaka thunthu. M'malo mwake, njira ya katemera muzochitika zotere imasiyana kokha kutalika komwe kumayikidwa scion.
Katemera mu muyezo
Katemera mu muyezo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kusintha kwa mizu ndikosayenera, i.e. Kapangidwe kamizu ka scion ngati mungakumane ndi dothi kapena mtunda wochepa kwambiri.
Katemera amachitika m'njira yogawanika.
Maluso a zochita ali motere:
- Konzani shtamb, kudula mpaka kutalika kwa 10 cm kuchokera pansi ndikuyeretsa mosamala malo odulidwayo.
- Ndi chida choyera, pangani gawo logawika mpaka 3 cm.
- Pogawanika kuchokera mbali zotsalira, ikani ma chubuk awiri amaso akuthwa ndi mphero.
- Tambasulani kugawanika ndi twine, ndikukulunga ndi filimu ndikuphimba ndi dothi kapena varnish yodulira, komanso kuyipukuta ndi dzuwa kapena kuyiphimba ndi chisanu, kutengera kuti katemera amachitika mchaka kapena m'dzinja.
Kanema: Kutemera mphesa muyezo
Katemera wa muzu
Kubzala mphesa pansi panu (chimanga), chitani zinthu zotsatirazi:
- Dziko lapansi kuzungulira tsinde limakumbidwa mpaka 20 cm, khungwa lakale, mizu yopanda kanthu limachotsedwa, ndipo tsinde palokha limaduladula 6-8 cm pamwamba pa malo apamwamba.
- Kugawika kwa kuya kwa masentimita 5-6 kumachitidwa, momwe ma scenti awiri okonzekera omwewo amayikidwira ndi impso kunja.
- Mgwirizanowu umakonzedwa ndi kanema, wowoneka bwino komanso watemera mosamala ndi katemera ndi nthaka 5-6 masentimita pamwamba pa masamba a scion, ndikuthiriridwa bwino.
- Pakatha mwezi ndi theka, dzenjelo limasulidwa, mizu ya scion ndi mphukira za stock zimachotsedwa.
- Pafupi ndi kugwa, mzerewo umasulidwa, chovala chimachotsedwa, ndipo mizu ndi mphukira zosafunikira zimachotsedwa mobwerezabwereza.
Pakakhala kulephera, kulumikiza mphesa kumizu kumatha kubwereza pambuyo pa chaka, kudula mfundo pansi.
Vidiyo: Kubzala mphesa ku Cornstamb
Kutentha kwa tebulo yozizira
Imachitika pa mbande ya chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri kapena zodula (zokhala ndi mizu yotsika) kuyambira Januware mpaka Marichi pogawanika, kuyerekeza kosavuta / kukonzanso, kubindikira kwa maso, kakhosi koyenda ngati omega, etc. Kukonzekera kwa zinthu kumayambira m'dzinja molingana ndi njira yomwe inafotokozedwera, ndipo kwa nthawi yomwe ikusungidwa firiji kapena cellar.Otsatirawa amachita motere:
- Pafupifupi masiku khumi katemera asanachitike, amayamba kukonzekera nyama: amayeza, amachotsa kukula, kusiya maso angapo, mizu yosongoka imachotsedwa, ndipo yabwino imafupikitsidwa mpaka 12-15 cm. Kenako, kuwira m'madzi masiku awiri ndikofunikira. Zosungidwa zakonzedwa zimayikidwa mu bokosi lomwe limakhala ndi mchenga wonyowa kapena utuchi, wokutidwa ndi thumba ndikubweretsa kutentha kwapakati pa 22-24 ° C kwa masiku 5-7.
Atadzuka, katunduyo akudikirira m'bokosi lonyowa utuchi kwa maola ambiri, maso atatupa kale
- Pambuyo masiku 3-5, pomwe katundu wafika kale m'mabokosi okhala ndi utuchi, angapo scion amabwera. Chubuki atuluke kuzizira, atayikidwa kwa masiku atatu pamalo otentha oyaka (utuchi kapena moss). Ndiye kotala la kutalika limamizidwa m'madzi pa kutentha kwa 15-17 ° C kwa masiku awiri. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera uchi (supuni 1 pa 10 malita a madzi) kapena heteroauxin (0,2-0,5 g pa 10 malita); kudula kofooka kumalimbitsidwa ndikulowetsedwa mu yankho la potaziyamu permanganate (0,15-0.2 g / l). Kutentha panthawiyi kumawonjezeka mpaka 25-28 ° C.
Chubuki atanyowa m'madzi ndi kuphatikiza ma bioactive kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo
- Thumba ndi scion zakonzeka pomwe maso adatupa mpaka 1-1.5 cm. Mphukira zomwe sizidzutsidwe zimachotsedwa, pamphumi imafupikitsidwa ndi impso ziwiri. Lumikizani zodula m'mimba mwake yemweyo, nthawi zambiri mwa kukopera. Kenako, cholumikacho chimakutidwa ndi polyethylene, ndipo kumtunda kumakutidwa ndi varnish ya m'munda, kupukutira ndikovomerezeka.
Izi zodulidwazo zolumikizidwa molimba ndi film
- Zodulidwa zomwe zimayikiridwa zimayikidwa mu bokosi lopukutidwa ndi utuchi kapena mapaketi okhala ndi peat osakaniza ndikusiyidwa pamalo owala otentha (25-28 ° C) kwa masabata 2-3. Ngati zikadatha izi nthawi kuti zodulidwazo sizinafike, zosemphedwa ndizoyikidwenso zimayikidwa m'malo abwino kuti zisafukire. Kutentha kukakhazikitsidwa pafupifupi + 15 ° С, kudula kumatenthedwa masiku awiri kapena atatu, masamba ndi mizu yakufayo imachotsedwa ndikubzalidwa pansi.
Zidula zinayamba kukula ndipo zikuyembekezera kugwera pansi
Ubwino wa katemera wa pakompyuta ndi zotsatira zake mwachangu: patatha milungu iwiri mutha kuyesa kuyang'ana pa mwambowo ndipo, ngati zalephera, yesaninso. Chuma chitha kuonedwa kuti ndi ntchito yayikulu pakukonzekera zinthu, kufunika kopereka malo pansi pa chidebe ndi zodulidwa mchipindacho.
Vidiyo: Kulumikizana kwa mphesa nthawi yachisanu
Kusamalitsa Mphesa
Malangizo pazosamalira mphesa zosemedwa mwachidule mu mfundo zotsatirazi:
- Katemera wa katemera, monga tanena kale nthawi zambiri, amayenera kuphimbidwa ndi filimu, kupukutira sera ndikuthekanso, ndipo m'nyengo yotentha nyengo yobiriwira kuchokera kuthumba siyikhala yopanda tanthauzo.
- Mphesa pa siteji ya inoculation accretion amafunika kuthirira kuti azitha kuyamwa kuyamwa kutuluka.
- Chithandizo cha antifungal chovomerezeka kuti tipewe matenda a zigawo.
- Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, cholumikizachi chimatetezedwa ku dzuwa lotentha, ndipo ngati katemera wa yophukira, amasungidwa nthawi yozizira, koma mwanjira yoti pobisalira saphwanya scion.
- Katemera wobiriwira wa chilimwe amakhala osalimba, ayenera kutetezedwa kuti zisawonongeke mwangozi.
Kupewa mphesa kumakhala kovuta, kupatula mwina posankha mwachangu chilimwe. Pamafunika kuleza mtima komanso kufunitsitsa kudziwa luso la sayansi iyi, kuti musataye mtima poyambira njira ndikupeza luso lomwe limalola kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kulumikiza m'munda wanu wamphesa. Zotsatira zake zitha kukhala zotukula ndi zinthu zomwe, chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chabwinoko cha kuphatikiza mphesa m'mitunda yathu, zidzakhala zosangalatsa komanso zofunikira pagulu la oyambitsa vinyo.
