Sikuti kukongola kwa maluwa ndi nthawi ya maluwa kumakopa petunia olima maluwa. Zimasinthasintha mosavuta ku zochitika zosiyanasiyana za chisamaliro, zimafuna njira zosavuta za ulimi. Ndikwanira kuyang'ana madzi okwanira ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi muzidyetsa kuti mupeze chitsamba chobiriwira m'deralo. Mukhoza kulikulitsa kuchokera paokha omwe anasonkhanitsa cuttings kapena ku mbande zodula. Koma zimakhala zosavuta kugula mbewu zamasamba.
Petunia ampelous: kufotokoza za mbewu
Petunias amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama kumunda m'munda, mu flowerbeds, mabhala okongoletsa, ma verandas. Lili ndi mitundu yosiyana kwambiri ya maluwa, yomwe imatha kusamba osati ndalama zokha kapena kukula kwa 9-10 masentimita. Zonsezi zimagawidwa m'magulu akulu awiri: wowongoka ndi ampelous petunias. Kutalika kwa mphukira za zomera zolunjika kumafikira 70 cm, koma zitatha kutambasula mmwamba, pang'onopang'ono zimagwa pansi. Mitundu iyi imatenga nthawi zambiri kubzala m'mabedi.
Nsombazi zimakhala ndi zowonjezereka, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsa. Mu mitundu ina, kutalika kwa malupu kufika kwa mamita limodzi ndi theka. Petunia wakula miphika, madengu, mabokosi. Nthawi zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chivundikiro cha m'munda, pamapiri a mapiri, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito maluwa.
Akatswiri ena amatsutsa gulu lina la petunias - nusu-amber Imamera chitsamba chobiriwira ndi mphukira zosapitirira 40 masentimita ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka monga chomera chamkati.
Mukudziwa? Petunia ndi wa mtundu wa zitsamba ndi herbaceous perennials wa banja la nightshade. Malo ake okhala ndi otentha a ku Paraguay, Uruguay, Bolivia, Argentina, Brazil. Kwenikweni, dzina la zomera liri ndi mizu ya Brazil: "petun" amatanthauza "fodya". Mitengoyi ilipo mitundu 25 yokha ya zomera, osati kuwerengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hybrids.
Chomeracho chili ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana. Iwo akhoza kukhala amodzimodzi, ndi ziwiri kapena zitatu. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mitima, mitsempha, malire kuzungulira m'mphepete mwachitsulo komanso ngakhale zidutswa zokha zimatha kujambulidwa mu mtundu wosiyana. Maluwa a mawonekedwe a belu amatha kukhala ofewa kapena ochepa, ojambula, ojambula, ophwanyika kapena osowa.
Mitundu yosakanikirana yasintha mwa njira ziwiri: ambiri-akuyenda ndi aakulu-amayandama. Aliyense amunium petunia ali ndi malamulo enieni odzala ndi kusamalira. Kotero, ambiri-ankayendetsedwa ngati odzichepetsa. Iwo amathiridwa madzi okwanira nthawi, nthawi ndi nthawi amawonjezera fetereza kumadzi, ndipo amapereka kuwala kokwanira. Amapereka kakang'ono, mpaka masentimita asanu, koma maluwa ambiri. Zowonongeka zowonongeka zimatha pokhapokha.
Large-flowered amatha kufika masentimita 10, koma sapereka maluwa ochulukirapo. Komabe, chisamaliro chawo chikufunikira kwambiri. Amafunikira kuwala kochepa, kutenthetsa, kutentha kwa dothi, komanso kudulira nthawi zonse masamba.
Mmene mungabzalitsire ampelous petunia
Monga lamulo, kulima ampelous petunia kumayamba ndi kufesa mbewu. Kuti chomera chiphuke mwamsanga, iwo akufesedwa mu February, pamene chomera chikukula pang'onopang'ono. Mukhoza kufesa mu March, koma muyenera kulingalira za maonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi momwe maluwawo adzakulire. Zikudziwika kuti petunias zazikuluzikulu zimapereka maluwa oyamba masiku 85 mpaka 90 mutabzalidwa, ndi zochepetsetsa - pa masiku 70-75. Mulimonsemo, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yomwe ikukula, ayenera kuunikira zina.
Mukhoza kubzala ndi maluwa, kugula mu sitolo yapadera. Pankhaniyi, mudzasangalalira maluwa mpaka nthawi yopuma.
Ndikofunikira! Mbewu zapamwamba zimakula pokhapokha polemba nthawi zonse. Patsiku, kuwala kwakukulu kwambiri kumaperekedwa, ndipo usiku umatha. Penyani ulamuliro wa kutentha ndipo musalole kuti nthaka iume mpaka kutsetsereka. Bwezerani chomeracho m'kupita kwina muzakudya zowonjezereka mukawona kuti mizu yake yayamba kutuluka pamwamba. Ngati mukufuna kuyala mbande, tsanulirani dothi. Mitengo yamtengo wapatali ya petunia yakula pa mapiritsi a peat.
Kusankha malo a chomera
Posankha malo a petunia, kumbukirani kuti amakonda kuwala kwambiri. Zidzakhala kumbali yakum'mwera, komwe masana ndi dzuwa. Malo enieniwo ayenera kukhala otseguka komanso osatsekedwa. Kulima chomera kumalo otseguka kungakhale wotsimikiza kuti sikugwira chisanu pansi. Monga lamulo, ili ndi theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa May. Kupititsa palokha kumachitika madzulo kapena tsiku lamdima.Ngati mukufuna kutumiza petunia m'nyumba, musankhenso kumwera kwawindo. Ngati mulibe kuwala kokwanira, ikani nyali za fulorosenti kuti muzitalikitsa maola a masana a masana kwa maola 14-20.
Zosowa za nthaka
Mu funso la momwe mungabzalitsire petunia, nkofunika kudziwa momwe zinthu zilili m'nthaka. Kuti duwa likhale lamaluwa obiriwira, malingaliro amafunikira nthaka yowonongeka ndi yowonjezera yokwanira ndi mphamvu yokwanira ya chinyezi. Choncho, iyenso ikugwirizana ndi nthaka, mchenga, mchenga wamchenga.
Musanadzalemo, ndi zofunika kukumba ndi tsamba humus kapena manyowa ovunda. Koma mankhwala atsopano ayenera kusiya, chifukwa amachititsa matenda a fungal.
Malamulo oyambirira kubzala mbande za ampelous petunia
Pali malamulo angapo oyenera kubzala petunia. Ngati mumamatira, mumakhala ndi zomera zabwino komanso zokongola.
Choyamba, sankhani mbewu zapamwamba kuchokera kwa opanga kumadzulo kuti afesedwe. Kotero inu mukutsimikiziridwa kuti mukhale bwino kumera mbewu. Sankhani zoyambira zabwino komanso zamtengo wapatali mu sitolo yapadera. Musanafese, ndibwino kuti muyike mu uvuni kapena kuchizira mankhwalawa ndi njira yapadera.
Samalani masiku a kubzala. Ndikofunika kuti mbeu zowera zisayambe kuposa mwezi wa February, koma pasanapite nthawi ya April. Tsatirani ndondomeko za kufesa ndi kubzala mbande za mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Choncho, mbande zimayenera kudumpha nthawi. Kumalo otseguka amabzala pamodzi ndi clod, kuti asawononge mizu. Amunia petunia ili ndi kayendedwe kayekha: payenera kukhala mtunda wa masentimita 30 pakati pa tchire. Ndikofunika kubzala madzi mutabzala, ndikukweza malo odyetsedwa tsiku lotsatira.
Imwani madzi nthawi zonse, ndikuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amadya maluwa. Makhalidwe otentha kwambiri ndi ofunika pamene mukukula mbande. Mbewu ziyenera kumera pa kutentha kwa 18-20 ° C, ndipo zimakwera pa kutentha kwa 16-18 ° C. Koma chofunika kwambiri ndi kutsitsimula. Mpaka mbande zikule ndikukula, ziyenera kuyatsa maola 14 pa tsiku. Nthawi yonse ya zomera petunia amafuna kudyetsa. Kwa ichi, feteleza zamadzi kapena granular amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Petunia Care Malamulo
Tsopano tiyeni tifufuze mosamala malamulo ofunika omwe amasamalira zomera.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa zomera
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri mu kuthirira petunias - madzi okwanira. Mbewu yake iyenera kuwonjezeka pamene chomera chikukula. Zambiri zimakhala ndi zamasamba, makamaka zimasowa chinyezi. Nkofunika kuti musalole kuti nthaka iume, mwinamwake mphukira za zomera zimakhala zolimba, masamba amatha, ndipo maluwa amakhala ochepa. Pa masiku otentha, kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zosachepera kawiri pa tsiku: m'mawa ndi madzulo. Petunias omwe amakula miphika nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi zonse amamizidwe mumadzi ndi mphika.
Koma kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumakhudzanso chomera. Choncho, nkofunika kuti musaphonye nthawi yomwe chinyezi chasungunuka, koma nthaka sinaumebe. Yesetsani kutenga nthaka kuchokera pansi pa chomera ndikuchipukuta mu zala zanu. Ngati dothi silikusiya zizindikiro pamanja ndikupunthwa kwathunthu, ndilokwanira mokwanira ndipo limafuna kutsirira.
Mukudziwa? Ngati mulibe mwayi wothirira madzi nthawi zambiri, onjezerani hydrogel kunthaka. Amagwira chinyezi, osasiya kuuluka, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amapereka chomera. Kotero mungathe kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ulimi wothirira kawiri - katatu.
Chomeracho chimafuna kudyetsa kamodzi pa sabata. Pochita izi, gwiritsani ntchito fetashi ndi feteleza phosphate. Koma mitundu yambiri ya petunia, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku gulu la Potunia, ikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsedwa ndi kuthirira kulikonse. Kuyambira ndi kudya kwakukulu pakubwera kwake, ziyenera kuchepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, kuima pamtunda wa pafupifupi 2-3 g pa lita imodzi ya madzi. Apo ayi, maluwa ambiri simungakhoze kuyembekezera.
Kwa mitundu ina, chakudya chamadzimadzi sichiyenera kuposa 5 g pa chidebe cha madzi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, sikuvomerezedwa kuti muthe kuvala mu nthaka youma kapena ulimi wothirira - ndizotheka kutentha tsitsi la mzuzi, lomwe chimatulutsa madzi. Kotero chomeracho chikhoza kufa. Monga lamulo, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kapu imodzi pa lita imodzi, koma pa petunia, theka liyenera kutengedwa. Ndipo amalimbikitsa chiwembu cha ulimi wothirira ndi feteleza: kuthirira nthaka m'mawa, ndikuwonjezera feteleza madzulo.
Kusamalira dothi
Petunia amatsanuliridwa pa mosamala kwambiri, kuti madzi asagwe pa maluwa. Tsiku lotsatira, nthaka yozungulira maluwa imalira, kumasula ndi kuchotsa namsongole. Samalani kuti dothi silinamangidwe mumtunda wolimba.
Momwe mungakonzere ampelous petunia, pangani chitsamba
Ngakhale pamene petunia akukonzekera bwino, pakati pa mphukira za chilimwe kuchokera muzu mpaka pakati pa masambawo amatsanulira masamba awo, ndipo maluwa amakhala pamapeto a nthambi. Pofuna kusunga aesthetics ya chomera, nkofunikira kuchita ntchito yopanga chitsamba. Pochita izi, popanda chifundo chapadera, kudula pafupifupi magawo awiri pa atatu a mphukira, ngakhale kuti palibebe nthambi yopanda kanthu.
Ndikofunikira! Petunia chitsamba chingapulumutsidwe nyengo yotsatira, ngati muisungira pamalo ozizira ndi ofunika pa kutentha kwa 7-10 ° C. Izi zikhoza kukhala khonde, loggia, koma osati pansi. Musanatumize nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chiyenera kudulidwa ndi magawo awiri pa atatu. Amamwetsa kawirikawiri, ndipo mu March, kudula kachiwiri. Pambuyo pake, anabzala mu gawo latsopano ndi poto. Ngakhale alimi a maluwa amalangiza kuti asachite zinthu zovuta, koma kugula mbewu zatsopano m'masika.
Amun petunia ndidakonzedwa bwino, kukanikiza pambaliyi sikungathandize kwambiri. Ngati mapeto a mphukira atachotsedwa, mphukira zatsopano pambali sizidzawonekera. Pofuna kupeĊµa kusowa kwa aesthetics mwa njira imeneyi, ikhoza kuchitika m'magulu angapo, kudula nthambi ziwiri kapena zitatu ndi nthawi ya sabata.
Amulet petunia: pinching
Kwa maluwa kunali kobiriwira ndi maluwa, iyo imayenera kumangirizidwa. Izi zidzapulumutsa nthambi kuti zitha kuwonongeka panthawi ya kukula, zowonetsetsa kuti mphukira zatsopano zikhazikitsidwe komanso kuchuluka kwa chitsamba.
Kodi kutsitsa ampelnoe petunia molondola? Mofanana ndi mbewu ina iliyonse, muyenera kuchotsa nsonga za mphukira, makamaka ngati yatambasula kwambiri. Pamodzi ndi iye nkofunikira kuthetseratu masamba onse, makamaka ngati mabokosi a mbewu amawoneka pa iwo. Apo ayi, chomeracho chiika mphamvu zake zonse pamapangidwe awo, ndipo simudzawona maluwa.
Maluwawo amachulukira bwanji
Njira yobereketsa kawirikawiri ya duwa ndi mbewu. Koma inu mukhoza kubzala izo ndi cuttings. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri, koma zowonjezereka ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ampelous petunias, yomwe ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Mukasankha kukula maluwa kuchokera kumbewu, mugulitseni mwatsopano ku sitolo. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzisonkhanitsa okha popanda petunias kukula m'deralo. Mitundu yambiri yomwe ikuyimira m'masitolo lero ndi yosakanizidwa. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti sizisonyezo zonse za msamba wa mayi zomwe zimasamutsidwa ku mbadwo wotsatira, ndipo pamapeto pake mudzapeza zosiyanasiyana zosiyana. Kuonjezerapo, ngati muli ndi mitundu ingapo pa chiwembu, iwo akhoza kubwereranso. Ndipo mitundu ina satha kukhazikitsa mbewu, monga, terry.
Nkhumba zogula zimabzalidwa mumtundu wabwino wa hydrated wosakaniza, womwe umatsanulira mabokosi apadera. Mbewu siidakonzedwa ndi nthaka, koma ili ndi filimu yowonekera kapena galasi kuti ikhale yowunikiridwa mokwanira.
Mukudziwa? Nkhumba za Petunia ndizochepa kwambiri: mpaka mbeu 10,000 pa galamu imodzi ya mbewu. Pofuna kufesa, zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga pamtundu wa 1: 5 kapena zimagula zokolola zopangidwa mu dragee.
Mbewu yabwino kumera imapezeka pa kutentha kwa 22-24 ° C ndi chinyezi cha 95-98%. Zipatso zimapanga njira yawo pafupifupi sabata kapena awiri. Ndi pepala loyamba kuchotsa pogona. Tsiku lililonse ayenera kupopera ndipo pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa kutentha. Panthawi yomwe mbande mu bokosi imakula, kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhala 18-20 ° C masana ndi 14-16 ° C usiku.
Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi mutabzala, pamene masamba awiri amamera, amamera, amamera mphukira pansi mpaka tsamba loyamba. Kukula kwa mbande kungakhale pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa panthawiyi mphamvu zonse za mmera zimapanga mapangidwe a mizu. Pomwe iyo imapanga masamba awiri kapena atatu ena, ndi kofunika kuti musankhe.
Musaiwale kumwa madzi nthawi ndi mokwanira, koma panthawi yomweyi pewani chinyezi chokhazikika. Zomera zazing'ono zimakhala zovuta ku matenda ammimba.
Ndikofunikira! "Black Leg" - matenda a fungal. Zitha kuoneka pa mphukira zazing'ono m'masabata oyambirira a moyo wawo. Ngati zowonongeka zimatuluka zowola, zogwa ndi zowuma, mwinamwake ali ndi kachilombo ka bowa. Pofuna kuteteza, ndi bwino kuthirira mbewuzo ndi mphamvu yochepa ya potassium permanganate.
Musanadzale mbande mutseguka, ziyenera kukhala bwino. Mitengo yokonzeka bwino imamva bwino ngakhale kutentha kumadutsa 10 ° C.
Cuttings
Pa kubalana kwa petunia, kusinthanitsa kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Amagwiritsa ntchito mu February - May, koma ngati mumapanga zinthu zabwino kuti mubzalidwe, mungathe kuzigwiritsa ntchito chaka chonse. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuunikira ndi kutentha kwa 15-22 ° C. Mitengoyi imabzalidwa m'mapiritsi a peat, ndi theka la lita imodzi kapena mabokosi a mbande ndi nthaka yosakaniza.
Zidutswa za umoyo wabwino wa uterine zimadulidwa pang'onopang'ono kuti pali masamba 4-6 pa chodzala, ndipo kudula kokha sikukhalanso masentimita 10 m'litali. Masamba awiri apamwamba amangotsala pamenepo ndipo nthawi yomweyo amafesedwa pansi chifukwa chazitali za mwendo. Mukamabzala mu bokosi, onetsetsani kuti mtunda wa pakati pa cuttings uli osachepera 1.5 masentimita. Mbande ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu yowonekera, kupereka kutentha kosachepera 21 ° C ndi kuwala kwambiri.
Mizu ya cuttings ikuwoneka pa tsiku la 5-10. Ndiye amafunika kusamalira mofanana ndi momwe mbande zimapezera mbeu. Pamene mizu ili ndi mphamvu zokwanira, imathamangira m'matangi osiyana. Ubwino wa mmera uwu ndi wakuti umapereka maluwa mkati mwa masiku 20-35 mutabzala.
Petunia - chomera chosawonongeka. Ngati mumapereka mowonjezereka komanso mwakuya kwambiri ndikuwunika chinyezi, mungathe kuonetsetsa kuti maluwa ake ataliatali. Chifukwa cha phokoso la chitsamba chokwanira kuti agwire ndi kudulira. Ikhoza kuchulukitsa monga cuttings ndi mbewu. Njira yotsiriza ndi yopindulitsa kwambiri, makamaka ngati mugula mbewu m'masitolo apadera. Pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya mitundu ndi hybrids, mudzapezadi imodzi yomwe ikugwirizana bwino ndi munda wanu.
