Zojambula - maluwa omwe amawoneka bwino m'madera ena, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa maonekedwe okongola, amakhalanso ndi fungo losangalatsa kwambiri. Olima amalima amatulutsa mitundu yambiri yotchuka ya chomera ichi, ndipo kutali ndi malo otsiriza mu kutchuka ndi mabala oundana. Taonani zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Chomera chosathachi chimakula mpaka 30-40 masentimita m'litali, chodziwika ndi chokhazikika, masamba ndi maluwa omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu ambulera inflorescences. Mizu ndi yofunika, chipatso ndi bokosi. Koma mtundu wa maluwa, ukhoza kukhala woyera, wofiira komanso kuphatikizapo mithunzi yambiri (mwachitsanzo, mdima wofiira ndi woyera). Maluwa amapezeka pakati pa chilimwe - kuyambira kumapeto kwa June ndi mwezi wa July.
Dzidziwitse ndi mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya clove, makamaka makamaka ndi udzu, Turkish, Shabo ndi Chinese.
Mofanana ndi zomera zina zosatha, nthenda ya nthenga m'chaka choyamba mutabzala pa siteti idzakondweretsa inu ndi tsinde lamphamvu, ndipo maluwa adzaonekera pa chomeracho kuyambira chaka chachiwiri cha chitukuko. 
Kufalikira
Amakhulupirira kuti mbali ya kum'maŵa kwa Ulaya, komanso madera akummwera ndi kum'mwera kwa Russian Federation, ndi malo obadwirako, koma lero akufalitsidwa kwambiri kuposa malire awo. Choncho, zokhudzana ndi kulima kwake zimachokera ku North America, China komanso Africa, chifukwa maonekedwe a nthenga a nthenga sizingatheke osiyana ndi maluwa ochokera m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko lapansi.
Mukudziwa? Zizindikiro, zomwe nthawi zina zimatchedwa "maluwa a Zeus," m'masiku akale, nzika za m'mayiko ambiri zimawoneka ngati zamatsenga, choncho zimagwiritsa ntchito zovala za asilikali kupita kunkhondo (izi zinali zofala kwambiri ku Italy ndi France).
Mitundu yambiri yamapiko a clove
Odyetsa samakhala osagwira ntchito kwa mphindi, kotero ngakhale mtundu wa nthenga umakhala ndi kusiyana kwake kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ndiyo zomera zotsatirazi:
- Scott Terry Clove - imakula mpaka masentimita 40 ndipo imadziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa.
- "Menjesti" - maluwa osiyana ndi oyera ndi onunkhira.
- Pezani Fomu - zomera zimakula mpaka 25 masentimita, zimakhala pachimake kawiri pachaka (mu June ndi mwezi wa August) ndipo zimatha kukhala ndi maluwa awiri kapena awiri.
- Sungani mabala - amaimiridwa ndi chomera 25-cm ndi maluwa aakulu kwambiri (mpaka 6 cm mwake). Mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imamera pachimake m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amakula m'nyumba.
Ndikofunikira! Kubzala kwa nkhono zomwe zimapezeka pa malo ake ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa mphutsi yake yamphamvu imalimbikitsa kwambiri nthaka. Kuti izi zitheke, zomera zimabzalidwa pamtunda ndi malo otsetsereka a pawebusaiti kapena pamphepete mwa bedi lamasamba ndi lotayirira ndi nthaka yatsopano.
Gwiritsani ntchito kupanga mapangidwe
Malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthenga zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphulika kwao kumawoneka kuchokera kumapeto kwa mwezi wa May kufikira chakumapeto kwa July, ndipo nthawi zina maluwawo amamasuka kachiwiri - pafupi ndi autumn. Choncho, ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yokongoletsa munda, chifukwa ndi yabwino kupanga minda yamaluwa ndi maluwa. Chifukwa cha tsinde lakuda, chiwonongeko chidzakhala njira yabwino kwambiri popanga zivundikiro zam'madzi ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri. M'madera a dzuwa, zomerazi zimatha kusinthanitsa ndi udzu, ndipo kuphatikizapo coniferous zomera ndi maluwa zidzakhazikitsa malo abwino kunyumba.
Kukula pakhomo
Maluwa omwe amafotokozedwa sungatchulidwe kuti ndi chomera chofunika kwambiri, kotero amatha kukhala wamkulu m'madera otseguka komanso kutentha kwa nyumba, chinthu chachikulu ndikumvera zochitika zina zomwe zikukula, kuonetsetsa kuti kusamalira khungu kumakhala koyenera.
Ganizirani zambiri za kusamalira ma clove opangidwa.
Zomwe amangidwa
Choyamba, sankhani cholinga chomwe mukufuna kukula maluwa: kukongoletsa nyumba yanu kapena kukongoletsa munda. Izi zimadalira njira yobzala mitengo komanso zinthu zomwe zimapangidwanso. Pachiyambi choyamba, mukufunikira miphika 30 masentimita ndi malo okwanira kuti aike malo, komanso nyengo yoyenera - pafupifupi 18 ... 20 ° C (m'nyengo yozizira, izi zikhoza kukhala zochepa). Pamene talowa pamalo otseguka, kuunikira kwabwino kwa malo, nthaka yobereka ndi kuthira madzi akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Cirrus carnation amakonda kuwala kwambiri, koma silingalekerere madzi osefukira a rhizomes.
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Mbande yabwino yokhala ndi zomera zomwe zidafotokozedwa zidzasakanizidwa ndi mchenga ndi loamy nthaka ndi kuwonjezera ma humus ndi mchenga. Kuonjezera apo, sitingathe kunyalanyaza acidity ya gawo lapansi, lomwe siliyenera kulowerera ndale. M'mayiko acidic, nsalu ya nthenga imakula bwino kwambiri, choncho, isanabzalidwe, mchenga ndi mchenga zimawonjezeredwa, ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, izi zimaphatikizidwa ndi ufa wa dolomite.
Kuonjezera nthaka ndikudyetsanso zomera, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza: udzu, zitowe za nkhunda, Florex granulated ntchentche nkhuku, ufa wa fupa, chakudya cha nsomba, whey, pepala ya mbatata, kompositi, chimanga cha eggse, nthore ya nthochi ndi fumbi la fodya.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Mu nyengo yowuma, zomera zimamwe madzi kamodzi pa sabata, koma ngati panthawiyi ngakhale mphepo yagwa, ndiye bwino kuti musakhudze maluwa. Kuwongolera nthaka ndi kutentha kwa clove sikupirira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapweteka kapena kufa muzinthu za masiku. Pa chifukwa chomwecho, ndi bwino kupeŵa chinyezi chokhazikika pa sitetiyo, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, ndibwino kuti pangani dongosolo labwino la ngalande.
Dzizindikiritseni ndi ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito kuthirira mowa, komanso phunzirani momwe mungakhalire dongosolo la ulimi wothirira ku dacha.
Kuswana
Mitundu ya Cirrus imatha kufalikira m'njira zingapo, ndipo aliyense m'minda amasankha yekha woyenera. Wina amakhala wosavuta kukula kuchokera ku njere, wina amasankha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothandizira, ndipo alimi ena onse akugwira bwino ntchito yogawanitsa chitsamba.
Mbewu
Mbewu ya cloves imabzalidwa pamtunda mu May, koma pambuyo pa kutentha kwa nthaka. Pakati pa mbande zoyandikana nthawi zambiri zimasiya masentimita angapo a malo omasuka, ndipo pambuyo pa kumera kumera. 
Kusunga nyama
Kuti zomera zitheke mofulumira pa bedi la maluwa, mukhoza kubzala mbewu yoyamba pa mbande, ndipo kenako mwapititse kumalo osankhidwa (pamene mbande ili ndi mphukira zamphamvu, zidzakhala zosavuta kuti athe kulimbana ndi zovuta zachilengedwe). Njira yofesera zakuthupi muzochitika za chipinda imachitika muzigawo izi:
- Konzani mchenga wosakaniza, mchenga ndi mchenga (1: 1: 1) ndi kugawanika pakati pa akasinja okonzeka.
- Pewani madzi pang'ono ndi madzi, mulole madziwo alowe mkati, ndi kubzala mbewu, ndikuwongolera mu gawo 1-2 masentimita.
- Fukuzani nyembazo ndi mchenga waung'ono ndikuphimba mabokosi ndi filimu.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, bokosilo liyenera kuikidwa m'chipindacho ndi kutentha kwa 18 ° C, ndipo atangoyamba kuphulika, amafunika kusamukira ku chipinda chozizira ndi kutentha kwa 12 ° C. Ponena za kuyatsa, ziyenera kukhala zambiri, mwinamwake muyenera kumaliza kuyatsa mbeu zanu ndi fitolampa.
Ngati sizingatheke kuika mbande mu kuwala, ndiye kuti muyenera kuchepetsa kuthirira kuti musayambe kupweteka kwa matenda osasangalatsa ngati mwendo wakuda. Mwezi umodzi mutatha kufesa miphika m'miphika, zomera zing'onozing'ono zimayenera kusunthira muzitsulo zazikulu (kutsetsereka), koma popanda kuyika kolala muzu. Pambuyo pake, nyengo ikakhala yotentha kunja, zomera zomwe zimakula zimabzalidwa kumalo osankhidwa (izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa May).
Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo pa maonekedwe a 4-5 woona pamsana wachinyamata, m'pofunika kutsitsa kukula.
Mukamabzala mabala aang'ono pa webusaitiyi, nkofunika kutsatira ndondomeko yabwino kwambiri, yomwe ili pamtunda wa masentimita 35 (m'kupita kwa nthawi, zomera zidzapeza masamba akuluakulu ndi zimayambira, kupanga chophimba chokongola chokhala ndi moyo). Chimake chonse chikhoza kuyembekezedwa kokha pambuyo pa zaka 1-2.
Zamasamba
Ngati pazifukwa zilizonse kubereka mbewu sikuwoneka ngati njira yabwino kwa inu, ndiye mukhoza kuchepetsa nthenga yamphongo pa chiwembu chanu mwa kudula kapena kugawaniza rhizome. Kujambula grafting kumathandiza kusunga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya duwa ndipo sikuli kovuta kuchita monga momwe zimawonekera nthawi yomweyo. Cuttings amapezeka kuchokera mphukira kuti alibe maluwa okha, koma ndi 2-3 mawanga ndi pafupifupi 4-10 masentimita yaitali. 
Zomwe zimafalitsidwa zamasamba
Mitengo yonse yodulidwa iyenera kuwonjezeka mu chidebe ndi mchenga masentimita pang'ono ndikuphimba ndi filimu pamwamba. Mitengoyi ikangokhala ndi mizu yawo, imatha kusunthira kumalo osankhidwa m'munda kapena kumanzere mpaka masika, koma kutentha sikupitirira 15 ° C. Pachiyambi choyamba, n'zotheka kupitiriza kubzala kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, ndipo pambuyo pa wintering, cuttings amabzalidwa kumapeto kwa May.
Njira yachiwiri yofalitsa zomera zamasamba zimaphatikizapo kugawanitsa chitsamba chokula mofulumira chodzala ndi njira zambiri. Palibe chinthu china chovuta kwambiri mu njira iyi: shrub yosankhidwayo imakumbidwa mosamala kuchokera pansi ndipo igawanika m'magawo awiri, koma kuti mizu ikhale yosungidwa. Zonse zomwe analandira zimapezeka pamalo osiyana. Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito njirayi yoberekera kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwa khunyu, kutanthauza kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Video: kubzala mbalame za clove
Kugwirizana kwa kutentha
Kwa madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, phokoso la pinnate lidzakhala zomera zosagwedezeka kwambiri zomwe sizikusowa malo okhala ngakhale nyengo zovuta. Komabe, kumpoto ndi nyengo yozizira pamwamba -30 ° C, wamaluwa ayenera kusamalira bwino malo ena omwe angathandize kusunga maluwa (makamaka achinyamata) mpaka chaka chamawa.
Zingakhale zovuta kukula
Kukula maluwa akufotokozedwa sikuyenera kukhala kovuta kwambiri, ngakhale kwa wopanga maphunzilo, koma zina mwazimenezo zikufunikabe kudziwa. Mwachitsanzo, mabalawa sakonda kudula nthaka, choncho ndibwino kuti tisapitirize kusefukira. Kuonjezerapo, muyenera kumvetsera kusamba kwa minda, makamaka pazitsamba zazing'ono. Pankhani iyi, yesetsani kuti musatulutse mbande pawokha komanso kuti musayambe kuwononga mizu yawo, chifukwa mtsogolomu sangayambe mizu.
Kupanga mavuto ena ndi kuphwanya kutentha mutabzala maluwa. Mbewu ziwiri ndi zomera zazing'ono mu bedi la maluwa sizikhoza kuloledwa bwino ndi madontho akuthwa mu kutentha, kotero ndi kofunika kusankha mosamala nthawi ya kutuluka kapena kusamala kwambiri za kusunga nyengo ya kutentha kunyumba. 
Mukudziwa? Mankhusu amatha kudyedwa, ndipo chifukwa cha kukoma kokoma, amatha kukhala owonjezera ku confectionery. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kuti ziweto zizikhala chakupha, ndiye kuti zimakula pokhapokha pamalo omwe sangafikire.
Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
Matenda ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tingakhale vuto lalikulu pamene tikukula ma cloves, ngakhale kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthenga imakhala yotsutsana ndi iwo kuposa ma cloves onse. Matenda omwe amafala kwambiri ndi fusarium (matenda a fungali omwe amakhudza zomera zonse komanso chifukwa cha chinyezi chokwanira pa mizu) ndi dzimbiri (zotsatira zina zowonjezera nthaka).
Ngati mukufuna kuti mapepala anu akhale abwino komanso okongola, phunzirani momwe mungagwirire ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Pachiyambi choyamba, zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa ndizovunda kwa tsinde la maluwa pafupi ndi mizu, chikasu ndi kupotoza kwa masamba omwe ali ndi masamba, pamene kachiwiri kumakhala kutupa kwa masamba ndi kufa kwathunthu kwa mbewu. Pofuna kusunga chiweto chanu chobiriwira kuchokera ku zovuta izi, pazizindikiro zoyambirira za chikondi ndikofunikira kuchiza chomera ndi zokonzekera za fungicidal zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kugulitsa (mwachitsanzo, Bordeaux madzi, Acrobat, Ditan, etc.). Mu udindo wa njira zothandizira zochita foliar kuvala kwa 0.5% saltpeter. 
Pakati pa tizilombo, tizilombo ta tizilombo timeneti timakhala timitengo, timabowo, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa kangaude, zomwe zimawononga mbali zonse: zimayambira, masamba, ndi maluwa. Njira yoyenera ikudalira mtundu wa tizilombo:
- Pamene chimbalangondo chimayambira m'dzinja, tikulimbikitsidwa kukonza dzenje, kudzaza manyowa mkati mwake ndikuphimba ndi filimu kuti tizilombo tonse tiziyenda m'nyengo yozizira. Ndi kufika kwa kasupe, chitetezo chawo chimatsegula ndikuwononga onse okhalamo. Ngati simukufuna kuyembekezera, mungathe kutsanulira njira yothetsera sopo ndi madzi m'mayenje awo.
- Ngati zolembazo zatuluka m'mimba, ndiye kuti udzu wouma udzawathandiza kumanga misampha: Amafuna kubisala mmenemo kuchokera kutentha m'chilimwe. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito njirayi ndi yofanana ndi yoyamba.
- Ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo tonse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Kuonjezera apo, muzochitika zilizonsezi, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe adagula m'masitolo.
Monga mukuonera, nthano za nthenga zimayenera kuonetsetsa, chifukwa si zokongola zokha, komanso zimakhala zosasamala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi ndalama zochepa zomwe mungathe kupeza zokongoletsa zokongola m'munda wanu.
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pa intaneti za cloves
Elfi, zojambulazi zimafunika kusiyana kwakukulu komanso kosaoneka bwino kutentha usiku ndi usana, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuchita pakhomo. Dyetsani ofooka njira yowonjezera feteleza ndipo musamatsanulire, zomwe ziri zoopsa kwambiri. Zinthu zidzasintha mutatha kuika mbande pansi, ndikukutsimikizirani :)
