Mtengo ndi umodzi mwa zazikulu kwambiri m'magulu a Juglans. Okhwima wakuda mtedza ku North America ikufika mamita 50 ndi mamita awiri. Mudziko lathu, mtengowu umalimidwa kuchokera ku chipinda chachiwiri. XVIII atumwi. Nutsiti za pakatikati pa Russia m'zaka khumi zachisanu zimafika kutalika kwa mamita 15-18, ndi mtengo waukulu wa 30-50 masentimita. Mtengo wa mtedza wazaka zana ukhoza kukula mamita 25 ndipo umakhala ndi thunthu la masentimita 60.
Mtengowu sungagonjetsedwe chifukwa cha mbola yake yochepa. Mtengo wa mtedza uwu ndi mphamvu yakuyeretsa kuchokera ku fumbi ndi zosavulaza zoipa. Crohn amagwiritsa ntchito zowonjezereka zothandiza komanso zowonjezera. Chipatso cha mandnut chimaonedwa kuti ndi chofunika kwambiri pamagwiritsa ntchito, makamaka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kodi malo abwino kwambiri chodzala nati ndi ati?
Mtengo ukhoza kukhala ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri, kotero muyenera kupeza malo abwino oti mubzala. Kwa iwo amene akufuna kukula pa malo anu malo amodzi omwe amapezeka kwambiri mtundu wa nut chikhalidwe, muyenera kudziwa zina.
Mukudziwa? Ndibwino kuti mupange mbande za mtedza monga momwe zingathere m'dera laling'ono. Phytoncides yotulutsidwa ku mtengo wakuda wa mtedza wakuda amakhala ndi mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa mabakiteriya owopsa, tizilombo topindulitsa omwe timakhala m'thupi lathu akhoza kuvutika. Mtengo wa Walnut sukonda madera otsika ndi mpweya wambiri.
Ubale ndi kuwala
Korona wa mtengo umapereka kuwala kwakukulu kunthaka, kupanga mthunzi wamdima. Zimalimbikitsa tsamba kugwa - chiwerengero cha zinthu zakutchire chikuwonjezeka. Chifukwa cha izi, kulima kwa mtedza wakuda kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso nthaka.
Mkhalidwe wa kutentha
Kuti kukula ndi chitukuko chikhale bwino, mtengo umafuna kutentha kwa mpweya wa +10 ° C. Mitengo yamakono yamakono ilipo mpaka ku St. Petersburg. Mu nyengo ya Tula, mtedza wa fruiting unakhala wozizira kwambiri-wolimba, kutentha kutentha kwa -38 ° C. Malingaliro a sayansi a mtedza wakuda amasonyeza: poyerekeza ndi mtedza, ndi ozizira kwambiri zosagwira. Koma zosiyanasiyanazi ndizochepa kwa Manchu ndi mtundu wa imvi.
Ndikofunikira! Mankhwala akuluakulu popanda kuwonongeka kwa thunthu amalekerera chisanu cha -40 ° C, koma achinyamata (mpaka zaka zitatu) amafunikira chitetezo chowonjezeka ku chisanu ndi mphepo zachisanu.
M'zaka zitatu zoyambirira, mtengowo umakhala wovuta kwambiri ku kasupe wa chisanu, ngakhale kumudzi kwawo, ku North America. Pambuyo popanga korona, kutentha kwa kutentha kumathamanga mu nati si koopsa.
Ubale ndi chinyezi
Mtengo wa mtedza uwu ndi pakati pa chilala kulekerera pakati pa mtedza wa mtedza ndi Manchurian. Botanists amalimbikitsa kubzala mtedza wakuda mumtsinje wa floodplain. Mtengo umadziŵa bwino kusefukira kwa madzi. Ku North America, ikhoza kupirira mwezi umodzi wa kusefukira thunthu popanda kuwononga mizu, thunthu ndi korona.
Ubale kwa nthaka
Chomera cha mtengo sichizindikira nthaka yowawasa. Pofuna kumera nati kuchokera ku mwala kapena mwa njira zina, ndizofunikira kusankha malo osalowerera ndale kapena pang'ono. Malo oterewa, mitengo imasiya kukula mu nthawi, kukonzekera chisanu cha chisanu.
Ngati malo anu angathe kutuluka mu malo osakhala akuda, onetsetsani kuti mupange phulusa ndi phosphorous-feteleza feteleza mu dzenje lakudzala. Powonjezerapo thunthu, feteleza za mandimu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti asunge ma acid acid (pH - 5.5-8.2). Pewani nayitrogeni wambiri mu nthaka ya chomera - mtengo udzasiya kukula ndipo nkhuni zidzatha kutentha kwake. Samalani ndi microrelief yolandirika ya nthaka yakuda kuswana. Zomera sizimapereka mitsinje ya kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa mphepo yozizira.
Kukula mtedza wakuda
Kukula mtengo uwu uli ndi makhalidwe omwe ayenera kuganiziridwa.
Kodi ndi motani kudzala nati?
Gombe loyendetsa likukumba ndi kuyembekezera kupeza malo omasuka kwa kukula kwa mizu kumbali yonse. Zimalangizidwa kuthira pansi pansi ndi humus, phulusa ndi phosphate feteleza. Pofuna kuteteza chinyezi, mizu ya mbeuyo ili ndi 80 peresenti ya nthaka ndipo imamwe madzi ambiri. Madzi amadziwika mu mphindi zingapo. Kenaka, muyenera kudzaza dothi lonse ndi mzere wa mulch pristvolnogo. Kuonjezera kuchulukitsa kwa mbeu, ganizirani mtedza wokonda kuwala. Zowonjezereka "gawo" la thunthu ndi mphukira ziyenera kupita kummwera.
Kubereka kwa Nut
Walnut amachulukitsa m'njira zitatu:
- mbewu;
- timadula;
- prischepami
Mukudziwa? Njira zodziwika bwino zokolola mbeu izi: kukula mtedza kuchokera ku mbewu ndi kubzala mbewu imodzi, zaka ziwiri. Ngati malo anu ali m'mapiri a oak a Lower Don, musagwiritse ntchito kufesa. Kudyetsa mbewu zatsopano kumafuna kusamalira mosamala.
Mmene mungasamalire mtedza wakuda
Kuti bwino mtedza kukula, wakuda ayenera kumasula nthaka bwino kubzala. Musanayambe kugula nkhuni, phulani nthaka. Mu July-August, lekani kumasula kuti muteteze kukula kwa mtedza wa mtedza.
Momwe mungamwetsere mtedza wakuda
Perekani chinyezi chokwanira pa kukula ndi maluwa a mtengo wachinyamata. Izi ndizofunika kuti azisamalira mtedza pakati. Pewani kuthirira mu theka lachiwiri la July kuti mutha kukwanitsa kukonzanso mtengo, kukonzanso nkhuni kukonzekera nyengo yozizira. M'nthawi ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe, kuyamwa kwa nthawi yake n'kofunika. Kuti mukhale ndi mtedza wa fruiting, m'pofunika kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi chokwanira panthawi yopatsa zipatso (July - pakati pa August).
Kukonza ndi kupanga
Mtengo wokha umapanga korona wake - mawonekedwe amaikidwa ndi ma genetic. Kuti upeze chitukuko chabwino, mungathe kudula zouma komanso kuphulika kolimba korona. Nthawi yabwino yochekeretsa mitengo ndi nthawi yamasika, nthawi yomwe imawopsyeza kutentha kwambiri (pansipa-madigiri 10).
Akatswiri amalangiza kudulira pambuyo Mphukira yopuma. Musayambe kufupikitsa korona pakati kapena kumapeto kwa nyengo ya chilimwe - pamene mukukweza kubwezeretsa kwa masamba ndi kukula kwa mphukira m'nyengo yozizira, yomwe ikhoza kufa m'nyengo yozizira.
Feteleza ndi zakudya zamtundu
Kubzala m'chaka muyenera kukonzekera dothi pasanayambe. Kudzala mbewu za nthithi kugwa - kumapeto kwa miyezi. Kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, dziko lapansi lidzasungira chinyezi chofunikira kwa zomera zokomera mbeu.
- Pa mita imodzi ya square muyenera kupanga makilogalamu 3-4 a manyowa a humus kapena kompositi.
- Masabata awiri musanadzale mtedza, dzenje lopangidwa (mmimba mwake ndi kuya kwake - 0.5 mamita) lidzadzaza nthaka yambiri yomwe imaphatikizidwa ndi superphosphate (150 g), 2-3 zidebe zosakaniza za humus (zingasinthidwe ndi 5-8 makilogalamu a manyowa) ndi pang'ono potaziyamu mchere (50 g).
- Manyowa okonzedwa amaperekedwa kumtunda ndi kumtunda kwa dzenje lakudzala. Pakati penipeni pa phulusa, ikani mtengo, pafupi ndi mbeu yomwe idzabzalidwa.
- Musanayambe kubzala mizu, dulani mu njira yapadera ya mizu.
Ndikofunikira! Pa nthawi yobzalidwa, pangani mamita 15 masentimita ochepa kwambiri a malo ndi mycorrhiza kuchokera pansi pa hazelnut. Izi zowonjezera zaka 3-4 zidzadyetsa sapling ndi zofunika microelements.
Zomera Zozungulira
Mtengowu umadziwika ndi kwambiri mizu ya mizu ndi mphamvu yowalumikiza nthambi ndi anako mizu.
Mphukira imachotsa poizoni (juglon), yomwe imatha kuvulaza mbewu zina:
- alfalfa;
- tomato;
- mbatata;
- mtengo wa apulo;
- chithunzi;
- pini;
- birch;
- rowan.
Malo abwino kwambiri oyandikana nawo mtedza wakuda adzakhala: a linden aang'ono, a maple, a hornbeam, a peyala ambiri, apulo a nkhalango ndi mazira a chitumbuwa. Tchire la dogwood, wamba wotchedwa viburnum, hazel, Tatar honeysuckle, wakuda ndi wofiira elderberry, Japanese quince samawopa malowa ndi mtundu uwu wa mtedza.
