Mawu oti "gruzd" mu kumasulira kuchokera ku Chisilavo amatanthauza "mulu".
Palibe zodabwitsa kuti iwo ali nalo dzina limenelo.
Kalekale ku Russia, okolera bowa ankasonkhanitsa magalimoto awo ndi mchere mu barre.
Mitundu yonse ya moorings imagwirizanitsa zinthu zofanana: Zingwe zapamwamba pa kapu zimawonekera ndipo mawonekedwe ake amasintha ndi kukula kwa bowa - choyamba chimakhala chokwera ndipo kenaka amamera m'mphepete mwake.
Iwo ali a fungi. Ma mbale akhoza kukhala a mitundu yosiyana, malingana ndi mtunduwo, ndikupita ku mwendo. Mitundu yonse ya nyemba ya nyemba imagwirizana ndi Mlechnik (lat Lactarius) wa banja la Syrushage (lat. Russulaceae).
Mukudziwa? Mapuloteni 32.2% ali mu makungwa owuma - izi sizikudya. Koma mu mawonekedwe owuma, bowa sagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha kuwawa kwa madzi amadzi.
Chakudya choyenera (Lactarius resimus)
Mu 1942, katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo Boris Vasilkov anaphunzira mitundu ya nsomba, anafotokozera, ndipo amatcha nsomba yoyera bowa weniweni chifukwa amalingalira ndi anthu. Ngakhale mpaka pano, tsabola wophika tsabola ankatchedwa kuti alipo. 
Amakula m'dera la Volga, m'matauni, ku Siberia. Chipewa chapakati cha 6-25 masentimita, choyera kapena chachikasu, pang'ono. Maonekedwe ake akusintha, ndipo pansi pake pali mbale zoyera. Mphepete mwa kapu ikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi chimbudzi, chomwe chiri chodziwika chachikulu cha mtundu uwu.
Lamulo la 3-9 masentimita, lozungulira, loyera kapena lachikasu, lopanda kanthu. Thupi la bowa ndi loyera, ndi madzi achitsulo panthawi yopuma, yomwe imasintha mtundu wake kukhala wachikasu pamene imagwirizana ndi mpweya. Fungo ili lofanana kwambiri ndi zokoma za zipatso. Mbewu yokolola kuchokera ku July mpaka kumapeto kwa September mu nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi zotsalira pafupi ndi mitengo ya birch.
Ku Russia, bowa woyera amadziwika kuti ndi mfumu ya bowa ndipo amadyedwa, kumadzulo kwa Ulaya amaonedwa kuti sagwiritsidwa ntchito. Popeza madzi a mandimu ali ndi kulawa kowawa, amathiridwa asanaphike, wophika kwa nthawi yayitali, kenako amatenga ubweya wabuluu.
Mu mankhwala owerengeka, mkaka weniweni umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza urolithiasis ndi kulephera kwa mphuno.
Msuzi wachikasu (Lactarius scrobiculatus)
Amatchula mitundu yodyera. Amakula m'mapiri a Eurasia ndi coniferous kapena birch ndi nyengo yozizira. 
Chipewacho ndi 6-28 masentimita awiri, golide wachikasu, ofewa. Maonekedwe a kapu amasintha ngati bowa amakula. Mipata yokhala ndi mabala a bulauni akhoza kuikidwa pambali yake. Msola umakula msinkhu kufika pa masentimita 12, wokhala ndi chikasu chowala chachikasu, cholimba, chikhomo, ngakhale mkati mwake chiribe kanthu. Mapira a bowa ndi oyera, koma amasanduka chikasu panthawi yopuma. Madzi ozizira kwambiri amakhalanso ndi khalidwe. Fungo ndi lofooka koma losangalatsa. Amakonda kukula pa dothi la miyala yamchere.
Amadyedwa atatha kutentha ndi kuwira. Kuchiza mu mankhwala ochiritsira amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi decoction kuchokera ku cholelithiasis.
Ndikofunikira! Matope amapanga mycorrhiza ndi birch, chifukwa amalandira madzi ndi mchere wambiri, ndipo amachokera ku zipatso zamtengo, amino acid ndi phytohormones.
Peppermint (Lactarius piperatus)
Nthaŵi zambiri amapeza bowa m'madera osungirako nkhalango a Russia. 
Tsabola tsabola imakhala ndi maonekedwe onse a katundu, koma ili ndi zinthu zoterezi. Chipewacho ndi 6-18 masentimita awiri, choyera, nthawi zina chophimba mawanga. Pakatikati muli malo okongola, koma alibe mphete. Mnofu umakhala woyera, wandiweyani, pang'onopang'ono umatulutsa madzi oyamwa, omwe, akamagwirizana ndi mpweya, amakhala wobiriwira, ndipo zamkati zimakhala bluu-buluu.
Kukoma kwa bowa wonyezimira, ndi fungo lofanana ndi mkate wa rye. Leg mpaka 8 masentimita, woyera, wandiweyani ndi pang'ono makwinya pamwamba. Mukakukula mumakhala ndi chomera chobiriwira kapena chofiira. Pansi pa kapu, mbaleyi ndi yopapatiza, ikutsika pamtendo wa mtundu woyera, wokongola. Ngati mbaleyo yawonongeka, imakhala ndi mabala achikasu.
Pepper imakula m'nkhalango yosakanikirana kapena yosakanikirana kuyambira July mpaka October ndipo imapanga mycosis ndi thundu, birch ndi spruce. Bowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa salting, pickling, kapena mu mawonekedwe owuma m'malo mwa tsabola.
Mitundu imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala ochiritsira matenda a impso, matenda a manda, chifuwa chachikulu, komanso, conjunctivitis. Madzi otentha amachotsa ziphuphu.
Lembani Chifuwa (Lactarius controversus)
Mitundu imeneyi imatchedwanso poplar kapena aspen. Amakula m'madera otentha a nyengo yozungulira. Ku Russia, amapezeka kwambiri m'chigawo cha Lower Volga. 
Amafuna kudya zakudya zokha chifukwa cha kukhala ndi madzi amadzi. Malongosoledwe a bowa ndi ofanana ndi omwe alipo, koma amadziwika ndi kukhalapo pa kapu ya mawanga obiriwira ndi pinki pinki pansi pake. Madzi a Milky ndi oyera kwambiri ndipo amatha kusintha mtundu wake.
Adalandira dzina lake kuchokera ku malo okhala - nkhalango za aspen ndi poplar. Nyamazi ndi zazikulu kuposa zina, kapu yake imakula mpaka masentimita 30. Amtengo wapatali kuposa milkworms ndi oyera ndi achikasu, koma ndi otchuka chifukwa cha kukula kwake.
Kutulutsa gruzdya aspen kumachitika pansi pa nthaka, kotero chipewa nthawi zonse chimakhala chodetsedwa. Mafomu mycorrhiza ndi msondodzi, aspen, poplar. Kukolola kumachitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa August mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October. Pulp gruzdya aspen woyera, wofooka, wandiweyani ndi khalidwe lopaka fruity. Gwiritsani ntchito malingaliro awa pokhapokha.
Chikopa cha tchizi (Lactarius pergamenus)
Mitunduyi ndi ya bowa zomwe zimadya. Amakula m'nkhalango zosakanikirana m'magulu akuluakulu. 
Chikopa cha zikopa chimakhala cha masentimita 10, ndipo chimakhala choyera, chomwe chimasintha ndi kukula kwa bowa, pamwamba pamakhala makwinya, zikhoza kukhala zosalala. Imasungiratu zonse zomwe zili mu mawonekedwe. Mphuno ya bowa ndi yoyera ndi madzi amchere omwe samasintha mtundu wawo. Pansi pa mutu wa mutu wa chikasu. Mtolo unapangidwira mpaka pansi, motalika, woyera.
Ali ndi kufanana ndi katundu wodutsa, koma pa mkulu wapamwamba ndi pang'ono makwinya kapu. Kukolola kumachitika mu August-September. Amagwiritsa ntchito salting ndi chisanadze.
Bluish (Lactarius glaucescens)
Kwa gulu la white grujdy amanyansidwa ndi bluu, ngati chikopa chakuda. Mitundu imeneyi imakula m'nkhalango zaku Eurasia. Chizindikiro cha mitunduyo ndi kukhalapo kwa mawanga achikasu pamwamba pa kapu. Zolemba zina zonse ndi zofanana. 
Milky sap gruzdya bluish mwamsanga imachepetsedwa panthawi yopuma komanso yobiriwira. Izi zimawoneka ngati tsabola. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu iyi kwa osankha bowa sikofunika kwenikweni. Mitundu yonseyi, ngakhale yofanana, komanso ikuphatikizaponso kuti akhale ndi bowa zodyera. Ndipo mitundu iyi ya chilengedwe mulibe mapasa owopsa.
Amapanga mycosis ndi mitengo yokha. Mbewu yokolola kuyambira July mpaka September. Pophika, gwiritsani ntchito pickling yokha.
Ndikofunikira! Chifukwa cha madzi owopsa ndi owawa kwambiri, bowa samatuluka kawirikawiri ndi tizirombo. Kuti achotse mkwiyo wake, bowa ayenera kumwedwa: nyemba zoyera - tsiku, wakuda - masiku angapo. Madzi amasinthidwa katatu pa tsiku ndipo mchere umawonjezeredwa.
Black Lactarius necator
Bowa wamtundu wakuda umatanthawuza kuti zakudya zimadya. Kulongosola kwa zizindikiro zakunja kuli ngati bowa lonse la mkaka. 
Chipewacho chikhoza kukhala maolivi amdima oposa 20 kapena kufiira. Mnofu ndi wandiweyani, woyera, wofooka, umasintha mtundu wake kuti ukhale wofiira pamene wathyoka. Madzi amadzi ndi oopsa kwambiri. Msola ndi mtundu womwewo ndi kapu.
Fungasi imapanga mycorrhiza ndi birch ndipo imakula m'nkhalango zosakanikirana. Kukolola kuyambira July mpaka October. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa salting, kupeza mtundu wofiira ndi burgundy.
Blueblind (Lactarius repraesentaneus)
Mitundu iyi imatulanso dzina la mfuti ya galu kapena golide wachikasu. Amagawanika m'madera otentha komanso okwera kwambiri a ku Russia m'nkhalango zowonongeka komanso zosakanikirana. 
Chophimbacho ndi masentimita 7-20 m'kati mwake, wandiweyani, wachikasu ndi mtundu wochepa wa mphete, shaggy pamphepete. Mnofu ndi woyera, wandiweyani, madzi amadzi pamlengalenga amapeza mtundu wofiirira, koma si wambiri. Mabalawo ndi opapatiza, otumbululuka ndi chikasu ndipo amawoneka mdima ngati atawonongeka. Msola uli wotumbululuka ndi chikasu mpaka 10 cm wamtali, mkati mwake, ndikusandulika buluu panthawi yopuma.
Mafomu mycosis ndi birch, msondodzi ndi spruce. Kukolola kumachitika mu July ndi October. Mbali yofunikira ya mitundu iyi ndi yakuti asayansi adachokera ku zinthu zapadera zomwe zingapangitse kukula kwa zomera.
Chovala chofanana ndi chikasu, chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi maluwa okongola achikasu. Ndi cholinga cha mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito antibacterial luso lofiira buluu. Pophika, ndibwino kuti salting, pickling, frying musanayambe kutentha.
Oak Wood (Lactarius insulsus)
Mthunzi wamtengo wapatali ndi wa mitundu yosazolowereka komanso imatchedwanso oak flax. Zimaphatikizapo zizindikiro zonse zotsatsa komanso zili ndi mtundu wofiira kapena wachikasu-lalanje. 
Ma mbale omwe ali pansi pa kapu amakhala ochuluka komanso ochuluka. Phazi liri loyera-loyera kapena pinki. Mapira a bowa ndi owopsa, okongola. Madzi a mandimu ndi oyera, osati ochuluka, koma amatha, ndi odulidwa samasintha mtundu.
Monga makungwa a aspen, mtundu uwu umakula pansi pamtunda, motero umadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa dothi pamutu. Zimakhala bowa wodyetsedwa.
Pophika ntchito popanga pickling. Amamera m'mapiri a mitundu yambiri ndipo amapanga mycosis ndi thundu, hornbeam, beech. Kukolola kumachitika kuyambira Julayi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa October.
Mavitamini a mazira kapena violins (Lactarius vellereus)
Dzina lakuti grudge creak analandira chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi zinthu zakunja, iye amafalitsa khalidwe la creak. Kawirikawiri amatchedwanso spurge. Mtundu uwu wa gulj ndi wokwanira kudya ndipo umakhala wolemera kwambiri. Anagawidwa ku Russia, ku Belarus. Zikuwoneka ngati chimbalangondo choyera, koma chili ndi zizindikiro zake. 
Cap kapera mpaka masentimita 24, akhoza kupeza chovala chachikasu. Lembani mpaka masentimita 7 mu msinkhu mpaka kufika masentimita asanu. Mbali yodabwitsa ya mitundu iyi ndi kusintha mumthunzi wa madzi a mandimu mutatha kuyanika kuchokera ku zoyera mpaka kufiira. Mnofu woyera umabala, umakhala wobiriwira. Mipata pansi pa kapu ndi yochepa kwambiri kuposa ya tsabola yosungunuka.
Mafomu mycorrhiza ndi aspen ndi birch. Akukula m'nkhalango zazikulu komanso zosakanikirana m'magulu akuluakulu. Kukolola kumachitika kuyambira August mpaka Oktoba. Pophika, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa salting, komabe mtundu uwu wa salimoni umakhala wabuluu ngati umchere. Mwa kulawa, squeak ndi yotsika kwa woyera.
Mukudziwa? Zinthu zamagetsi zomwe zimapezeka mu sludge, zili ndi: chithandizo cha diuretic pa chithandizo cha urolithiasis; chithandizo cha antibacterial polimbana ndi chifuwa chachikulu; kusamalitsa; kuyambitsa zotsatira (yambani kukumbukira, kulingalira, kugwidwa); chochita mwachibadwa pochiza matenda a shuga, shuga.Podziwa mtundu wa madambo, aliyense ayenera kudzipangira yekha: kupitiliza miyambo ya mitundu ina ndikusangalala ndi kukoma kwawo kapena kutumiza bowa ku bowa losakwanira, monga momwe akuganizira kumadzulo.
