Mwina, kuyambira ali mwana, aliyense amadziwa yowutsa mudyo komanso mabulosi aakulu ngati chivwende. Ndipo, mwinamwake, atamva dzina la chomera ichi, anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti thupi lofiira lamadzi ndi mbewu zakuda, lopangidwa ndi zobiriwira. Iyi ndiyo mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ya mabulosiwa - Astrakhan. Ndi iye yemwe amakula mu masitolo ndi misika.
Komabe, kuwonjezera pa zowerengeka, mmaganizo athu a Astrakhan zosiyanasiyana mavwende, mukhoza kupeza ena omwe amasiyana osati maonekedwe, komanso kulawa. Ngati mumayang'ana pa mutuwu, timadziwa mitundu yoposa 1200 ya zomera. Zina mwa izo ndi zofanana, koma pali mitundu yambiri ya mavwende.
Mukudziwa? Chivwende ndi madzi a 92%. Choncho, m'chilimwe kutentha pali chimodzi zosangalatsa. Komanso, malinga ndi kafukufuku, atatha kugwira ntchito mwakhama, mavwende amathandiza thupi kukhala ndi chinyezi kuposa madzi omwewo.
Chivwende chakuda
Mmodzi mwa mitundu yambiri ya mavwende ndi Densuke. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, ndiwonekedwe lakuda kwambiri, koma alibe mavwende omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Thupi la chivwende chotero ndi lofiira komanso shuga wokoma.
Chivwende chakuda chimakula pamalo amodzi pa dziko lapansi - ku Japan, pachilumba cha Hokkaido. Anabweretsa izi zosiyanasiyana pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980 mu mzinda wa Tom. Zimatengedwa ngati mitundu yokhayo, chifukwa cha mbewu zochepa. Pankhani iyi, lero, chivwende chakuda ndi mabulosi okwera mtengo kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Kawirikawiri, mavwende 10,000 amatha kukolola chaka chilichonse. Anthu ambiri satha kugula, chifukwa mtengo wa mabulosi uli pafupi madola 250. Ikhoza kugulitsidwanso pa malonda a dziko lapansi, kumene pakhala pali milandu yogulitsa mavwende amenewa kwa $ 3200- $ 6300 pamodzi.
A Japanese anaganiza kuti asayime pamenepo ndipo anatulutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chivwende chakuda - popanda mbewu ndi thupi la chikasu. Koma iwo saganiziranso kuti poyamba Densuke wakuda mavwende osiyanasiyana.
Shuga mwana
Mwana wa shuga (Shuga mwana) amaonedwa kuti ndi akale kwambiri komanso otchuka kwambiri mavwende oyambirira padziko lapansi. Mbewu imafesedwa kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April, ndipo masiku 75-85 amachoka pakangoyamba kukwera mpaka kucha.
Mwana wa mandimu wa suluji ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, mtundu wa mdima wobiriwira ndi mdima wakuda ndi mnofu wofiira. Mnofu wa chivwendechi ndi wokoma kwambiri, wachifundo ndi mchere, ndipo mbewu zazing'ono zili mmenemo ndizochepa ndipo zimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda. Kuchuluka kwa zipatso, pafupifupi, ndi 3.5-4.5 makilogalamu.
Zosiyanasiyana zamatchi Shuga mwana akhoza kukhala wamkulu kumpoto, chifukwa ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri. Amafuna kumwa madzi okwanira, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri nthawi yakucha. Zosiyanasiyana mwakula filimu greenhouses. M'malo odyera, Shuga mwana ndi bwino salting.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mitsuko yachikasu imaonekera mu kutsekemera kwa mavwende, pali mwayi waukulu wa kukhalapo kwa nitrates. Mankhwalawa akhoza kuwononga kwambiri poizoni wa thupi la munthu.
Mtedza wa mandimu wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira
Mtedza wa mandimu unkapezeka mwa kudutsa mavwende ambiri ndi nyama zakutchire. Choncho, zikuoneka kuti mabulosiwa akuwoneka ngati osiyana ndi mavwende, koma thupi liri ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Pali mazenera ochepa kwambiri mumtambo uwu. Zipatso za mavwende achikasu ndi azungu komanso ovunda.
Dziko la Thailand likuonedwa kuti ndi dziko la mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yobiriwira, koma imakhalanso yotchuka ku Spain. Abusa amabweretsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe khungu lawo liri ndi mtundu wobiriwira, ndipo thupi limakhala ndi chikasu (chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa carotenoids zomwe zimakhudza selo-to-cell metabolism).
Mtedza wa mandimu ndi wofunika kwambiri kwa anthu osiyana zakudya. Zamakhalidwe ake ndi 38 kcal. Mavitaminiwa amapangidwa ndi vitamini A, folic acid, calcium, iron. Pankhani imeneyi, izi zimayesedwa kukhala zopindulitsa pa thanzi: kumapangitsa masomphenya, kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, kumapangitsa kuti misomali ndi tsitsi likhale bwino, phindu la anthu omwe akudwala matenda a magazi ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.
Mavwende a m'munsi
Chivwende chachilendo kwa anthu ambiri si chozizwitsa cha kupanga zamoyo kapena kusankha. Ndipotu, amapangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Momwe mungapangire mabulosi mumtundu woterewu unadza m'ma 1980 mu Japan. Olemba a lingaliroli ankafuna kuti azitenga zotsekemera mosavuta.
Pamene mavwende amatha pafupifupi 6-10 masentimita m'mimba mwake, amaikidwa mu bokosi lamapulasitiki. Mavwende achi Japan amafunika chidwi kwambiri, ndipo alimi amagwiritsa ntchito khama lalikulu, chifukwa nthawi iliyonse ayenera kusamalidwa mosiyana.
Vuto ndiloti mavwende ayenela kusinthidwa mwanjira yomwe mikwingwirima imakonzedwa bwino m'mphepete mwake. Ndikofunika kufufuza nthawi ya ulimi wothirira ndi feteleza ku vwende ndi kukula kwake. Nkofunika kuti musaphonye nthawi yomwe mabulosi akutsekemera, chifukwa sakuyenera kukula kwambiri. Apo ayi, osati mavwende okhawo omwe adzasweka, komanso bokosi lomwe linayamba.
Chifukwa chakuti mabokosi omwe ali ofanana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mavwende apakati, zipatso nthawi zambiri sizimapsa. Pambuyo pake, mavwende zipatso amakhala ndi kukula kosiyana ndi chilengedwe. Zikuoneka kuti kukoma kwa chivwende si nthawi zonse zabwino. Kotero ngati mukusowa chivwende chokoma komanso chokoma, mumatha kusankha pakati pa zipatso za mawonekedwe ozungulira.
Mavwende a Marble
Mavwende a marble akutchedwa choncho chifukwa cha khungu pa khungu lake - mitsinje yakuda yobiriwira pamtunda. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavwende. Mwachitsanzo, abambo a ku France adalumikiza mitundu ya Charleston Gray, komanso obereketsa ku Russia - Honey Giant. Chikhalidwe chokha chimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndipo chimagwa chosavuta mosavuta.
Mavwende a marble, nthawi zambiri, ali ndi mawonekedwe oblong ndipo amalemera makilogalamu 5 mpaka 15. Thupi la chivwende chotero ndi lofiira kapena lofiira ndipo lili ndi mbewu zochepa. Kukoma kwa mavwende a marbled ndiwopambana.
Mavwende a marble akhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali ndikulekerera kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
Mukudziwa? Mavwende amatchulidwa ndi makhalidwe ambiri opindulitsa chifukwa mabulosiwa amathandiza kwambiri.pa thupi laumunthu. Mavwende ali ndi ulusi umene umalimbikitsa bwino chimbudzi ndi m'mimba motility. Chifukwa cha kukwanira ndi potaziyamu, nitric oxide ndi lycopene, mavwende amathandizanso pa ntchito ya impso.
Chivwende "Mwezi ndi nyenyezi"
Chivwende "Mwezi ndi nyenyezi" zili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha mtundu wakunja. Peel ili ndi mtundu wobiriwira, womwe mawanga achikasu amawonekera. Mawanga aang'ono ndi nyenyezi, mawanga aakulu ndi miyezi ing'onoing'ono. Mabala amakhala ndi mawanga achikasu.
Zipatso zimakula kwambiri, mpaka 7-14 makilogalamu. Nthawi yakucha, kuchokera ku mphukira mpaka kuphulika, ndi masiku 90. Mnofu wa chipatsocho ndi wowometsera komanso wonyekemera. Mtundu wa zamkati mwa zosiyanasiyanazi ndi wofiira komanso wachikasu.
Chivwende choyera
Mtundu wina wosadziwika wa mavwende - chivwende choyera. American Navajo Zima chivwende chiri pafupi khungu loyera. Thupi la chivwendechi ndi lofiira ndi lofiira, koma mulimonsemo, lokoma kwambiri ndi lopweteka. Mitundu yosiyana ndi chilala chosagonjetsedwa. Zipatso zingasungidwe kwa miyezi inayi
White, mavwende otere sikuti ndi khungu la khungu chabe, komanso mtundu wa thupi. Mnofu woyera wa mavwende amawoneka zachilendo, makamaka kwa anthu ambiri. Mtundu wosakanizidwa woterewu umapezeka mwa kudutsa mitundu yamtundu ndi yolima.
Chivwende chofiira ndi chikasu
Pali chivwende chachilendo chomwe chili ndi mnofu wofiira komanso chikasu. Zosiyanasiyana zimatchedwa "Mphatso ya Dzuŵa" ndipo zinakhazikitsidwa mu 2004. Tsambali liri ndi mtundu wa golide wachikasu monochromatic, kapena wothandizidwa ndi mikwingwirima ya lalanje. Mnofu ndi wofiira, wowometsera, wamafuta, wokoma komanso wokoma kwambiri. Mbewu ndi yakuda. Kunja, "Mphatso ya Dzuwa", chifukwa cha khungu lakasu, limawoneka ngati dzungu.
Kuchokera nthawi ya mphukira, mabulosi akuphuka pa 68-75 tsiku. Mitengo yambiri yozungulira imatha kufika ku 3.5-4.5 makilogalamu.
Ndikofunikira! Chipatsocho chinaponyedwa ndi nitrates, ngakhale atachotsedwa pa bedi, chimasintha mkati. Nsalu mwamsanga zimakhala zofiira, ndipo streaks amakhala achikasu. Pambuyo pa masabata angapo, mnofu mkati mwa mabulosi umakhala wosasunthika, woonda ndi wodetsedwa. Pali mavwende owopsa, chifukwa akhoza kuwononga zotsatira za thanzi la munthu (zili ndi mankhwala).
Kamtunda kakang'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi
Mavwende aang'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi adalengedwa ndi chilengedwe. Choncho, ku South America amalima zomera zakutchire, zomwe zipatso zake ndizo mavwende aang'ono. Ukulu wawo ndi 2-3cm okha. Mtengo wotsika kwambiri padziko lapansi umatchedwa Pepquinos.
Kuwonjezera pa maonekedwe osazolowereka, mavwendewa ali ndi kukoma kodabwitsa. Iwo ali ngati nkhaka, chotero, malo odyera okwera mtengo amapereka kwa makasitomala awo monga chotupitsa, kapena kuwonjezera pa saladi za chilimwe.
Kuyambira mu 1987, Pepquinos adatumizidwa ku Ulaya ndipo anayamba kukula pano. Chomera chikukula mu miyezi 2-3 ndikuyamba kubala chipatso - 60-100 mavwende.
Chivwende chachikulu kwambiri
Mavwende akuluakulu, kuyambira mu 1979, amakula pamunda wawo ndi American Lloyd Bright. Mu 2005, iye anaswa zonse zolembedwa, akukula chivwende cholemera makilogalamu 122. Mitambo ya mavwende, yomwe inatha kukula mpaka kukula kwake - "Carolina Cross". Kawirikawiri, zipatso za zosiyanasiyanazi zimafikira 16-22 makilogalamu ndi kucha mu masiku 68-72.
Chivwende chatsekedwa pa bedi la masiku 147, lomwe ndiloloka nthawi ziwiri kuposa nthawi yakucha yavwende yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Komabe, izi sizosadabwitsa, makamaka mukaganizira nthawi zingapo zomwe anaposa achibale ake. Kukoma kwa "Carolina Cross" kunali kokoma kwambiri, ngati, ndithudi, amakhulupirira mawu a mboni za maso zomwe zinayesa chivwende ichi.
Komabe, mu 2013, mbiri yatsopano inalembedwa. Ku Tennessee, wolemba malipoti Chris Kent anakulitsa chipatso cholemera makilogalamu 159. Komanso chivwende chachikuluchi chimakhala chamoyo chozungulira.
