Ngati mukufuna kukula ndi mbeu zabwino za tomato, ndikofunikira kusankha nthaka yabwino kwa zomera. Mu nkhani yathu tidzakulangizani momwe mungakonzekerere nthaka ya mbande ndi manja anu.
Kodi nthaka iyenera kukhala yotani?
Mukadzala mbande za tomato, muyenera kusankha nthaka yomwe idzakhala:
- chonde. Chiyenera kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa zakudya zowonjezera;
- mwakhama. Nkofunika kusankha mchere woyenera wa mchere.
- mpweya ndi chinyezi chovomerezeka. Ndibwino kuti mubzala zosalala, kuwala, ndi malo odyera komanso opanda zomera, nthaka;
- Kutsegula majeremusi, mbewu za namsongole ndi tizilombo tina ting'onoting'ono timene timakhudza zomera;
- osakhudzidwa ndi zitsulo zolemera.
Ndikofunikira! Musanagwiritse ntchito nthaka, iyenera kukhala yotetezedwa mwazidzidzidzi. Pochita izi, konzekerani kusakaniza mu kugwa ndikuzisiya pa khonde kapena m'chipinda chozizira m'nyengo yozizira.
Ngati mutatsatira zotsatirazi, mukhoza kukwaniritsa zokolola zambiri za tomato kapena zomera zina.
Gulani kapena kuphika?
Kukonzekera kwa nthaka kwa mbande kungatheke m'njira ziwiri: kugula m'masitolo apadera kapena kuphika moyenera.
Bwanji mugule?
Ngati muli woyang'anira minda yamaluwa ndikumala zokolola zanu zoyamba, ndi bwino kugula kusakaniza nthaka mu sitolo. Akatswiri adzakupatsani mwayi wabwino kwambiri wa nthaka umene ungakwaniritse zofunikira zonse za zomera zomwe mukukula. 
Pachifukwa ichi, zoopsa zomwe mbeu sizidzamera kapena kufa chifukwa cha nthaka yoyenera zimachotsedwa.
Kodi odziwa wamaluwa amadziwa bwanji
Alimi wamaluwa, omwe sali nawo nthawi yoyamba kubzala mbande, amakonda kupanga nthaka ya zomera.
Zoonadi, izi zimafuna kudziwa zina ndi zina, koma mudzakhala ndi chidaliro chonse mu nthaka ndi khalidwe lake. Kuphika kumakhala ndi ubwino wake:
- Mbeu zimakhala zochepa kwambiri pokhapokha zikasakanizidwa kumalo otseguka kapena wowonjezera kutentha, chifukwa zidzabzalidwa pamalo omwewo;
- Ndizotheka kupanga malo osakaniza kwambiri a nthaka powonjezera kuchuluka kwake kwa zosakaniza mogwirizana ndi maphikidwe;
- kudzikonzekera kwa nthaka ndikopindulitsa kwambiri;
- chitsimikizo cha khalidwe.
Mukudziwa? Phwetekere 95% imakhala ndi madzi.
Ngati mwasankha kudzipangira nokha mukukonzekera kwa nthaka kusakaniza, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kusanganikirana kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu, mosamalitsa kwambiri.
Zachigawozikulu ndi gawo lawo
Maonekedwe a nthaka ya mbande imaphatikizapo zigawo zambiri. Ganizirani kufunikira kwa aliyense wa iwo.
Peat
Peat ndilo gawo lalikulu mu nthaka yobzala phwetekere mbande. Chifukwa chake, dothi limakhala losalala, limatenga bwino chinyezi, limasunga.
Chalk, ufa wa dolomite, deoxidizers kwenikweni amawonjezeredwa ku peat, chifukwa ali ndi chilengedwe cha acidic. 
Gawoli liri ndi zigawo zingapo zazikulu, kotero muyenera kuchita sieving. Ngati izi sizinayende, tizilombo tomwe timalowa mu mizu ndikupanga zovuta.
Mwinamwake mukukhala ndi chidwi chodziwa momwe mungasankhire tomato molondola mukamera.
Zomba
Chigawochi chiri ndi ziwerengero zazikulu zomwe zimapereka kukula kwa mbande. Ndibwino kuti tigwiritse ntchito malo omwe poyamba munamera tirigu ndi nyemba.
Korovyak
Chigawochi chiri ndi zinthu zambiri zopindulitsa, zimapereka chakudya chabwino kwa zomera. Chifukwa chake, zokolola zawonjezeka, zomera zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri. Zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ponseponse mumawonekedwe atsopano komanso atsopano.
Mchenga
Mchenga amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera nthaka kusakaniza, chifukwa ndi ufa wophika kwambiri. Sankhani mchenga wamtsinje woyera womwe ulibe dothi lopanda. Ndikofunika kutsuka ndi kuziyika pamoto kapena mu uvuni. 
Perlite
Nthawi zina izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mmalo mwa mchenga. Amadziwika ndi chilengedwe chake mwaubwino, amachititsa kuti nthaka ikhale yopanda phokoso, imatenga bwino chinyezi.
Phunzirani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito perlite kwa zomera.
Chiwombankhanga
Nthawi zina, peat ndi mchenga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa peat ndi mchenga. Pankhaniyi, mungagwiritse ntchito zigawo zokhazokha, musanazigwiritse ntchito ndi madzi otentha. Nthaka ya mbande, yophikidwa ndi manja awo, ndithudi idzakhala ndi ubwino wabwino kusiyana ndi kugula.
Koma ngati simukudziwa zonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti musakanikizidwe, musayambe kuika mbewuzo pachiswe - ndi bwino kufufuza malangizo kwa akatswiri ndikusankha nthaka yomwe ili yabwino kwa mbande zanu.
Ndikofunikira! Musagule mwamsanga kugula mphamvu yaikulu yosakaniza nthaka. Gulani phukusi laling'ono ndikuyesa kumera mbeu. Ngati zonse zikuyenda bwino, mukhoza kupita kuntchito yambiri.
Okonzekera nthaka kukonzekera ziwembu ndi utuchi
Ngati mwasankha kudzikonza nokha kukonzekera dothi ndi utuchi wa mbatata, timapereka chisankho chodziwika bwino.
- Ndondomeko 1. Ndikofunika kutenga mbali ziwiri za utuchi ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga. Izi zisanachitike, utuchi uyenera kuchitidwa ndi mankhwala osakaniza, omwe ali ndi zida zofunikira. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga ufa wophika. Kusakaniza, ngakhale kuti kumakhala kosavuta, koma kukulolani kuti mukwaniritse zokolola za tomato.
- Sewero 2. Ndikofunika kusakaniza peat, mtedza, mullein, utuchi mu chiŵerengero ichi: 4: 1: 1/4: 1: 1/2. Kuti 10 makilogalamu a osakaniza analandira kuwonjezera: mtsinje mchenga - 3 makilogalamu, ammonium nitrate - 10 g, superphosphate - 2-3 g, potaziyamu kloride - 1 g.
- Ndondomeko 3. Dothi la humus, peat, sod, zowola zowonongeka zimatengedwa mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1: 1: 1. M'chidebe ndi osakaniza kuwonjezera: nkhuni phulusa - 1.5 makapu, superphosphate - 3 tbsp. spoons, potaziyamu sulphate - 1 tbsp. supuni, urea - 1 tsp.
Chimene sichikhoza kuwonjezedwa kunthaka kwa mbande
Musanayambe kudzikonzekera dothi, tikukupemphani kuti mudzidziwe ndi zowonjezereka.
- Kuwonjezera feteleza zokhazokha zomwe zikuchitika mukuletsedwa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu kumene kumasulidwa, komwe kungakhudze mbewu ndikuyiwotcha. Ngati, ngakhale mbeuyo ikukula, zomera zifa posachedwa chifukwa cha kutentha.
- Mchenga ndi dziko lapansi ndi zonyansa zadongo sizowonjezera kukonzekera nthaka kusakaniza. Kuwala kumachepetsa kwambiri nthaka, kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yochuluka, ndipo mbande sizingakhoze kukula m'mikhalidwe yotereyi.
- Musakolole nthaka pafupi ndi msewu kapena pafupi ndi zomera, monga zitsulo zolemera zingakhoze kuwonjezeka m'nthaka, zomwe zidzasamalidwa ndi zomera mofulumira.
Mukudziwa? Ngati mutasunga tomato kutentha, kuyamwa kwawo ndi thanzi lawo lidzakula, ndipo poika tomato m'firiji, mudzataya zakudya zawo ndipo zidzasokonekera mwamsanga.
Pambuyo powerenga nkhani yathu, mwaphunzira momwe mungakonzekerere mbeu za mbande. Pokonzekera nthaka kusakaniza nokha, mudzatsimikizika ndi khalidwe lake ndipo mudzatha kukolola tomato wobiriwira komanso wokoma.
