Momwe mungayendetsere osati kuwononga mphesa?

Kwa omwe amagwira ntchito m'minda ndi ulimi wamaluwa, nkhani yofunikira ndi kuikanso kwa zomera zosiyanasiyana.

Ngati pali zambiri zambiri zokhudza mitengo ya zipatso ndi tchire, ndiye kuti mphesa ndi zovuta kwambiri.

M'nkhaniyi tiwulula zinsinsi za njirayi ndikukufotokozerani momwe mungathere mphesa pamtunda, ndiko kuti, kuziika pamtunda wautali.

Zamkatimu:

• Momwe mungasinthire mphesa: sitepe ndi sitepe malangizo
• Sakanizani pang'ono
• Kuyika
• Cuttings
• Malamulo osamalira kuti apulumuke bwino

Nthawi yabwino

Zoonadi, nkhani yoyamba ndi yofunika kwambiri pamene kuika chomera chilichonse chidzakhala pamene izi zichitike: mu kasupe kapena m'dzinja? Ngakhalenso wamaluwa odziwa bwino sangathe kuganiza mofanana, ndipo pamene ena amamwetsa mphesa pamapeto, ena amakonda kuyembekezera mpaka chisanu choyamba. Tiyenera kunena kuti pamapeto pake, malingaliro alipo, chifukwa panthawi imeneyi chomera chiri pafupi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zochitika zonse sizidzakhala zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri kwa iye.

Ndikofunikira! Nthawi zina (mwachitsanzo, pamene mukusunthira) ndikofunikira kuti musamere zomera zikukula mmenemo mwamsanga, choncho pamalo otere amaloledwa kutengera mphesa kupita kumalo atsopano a chilimwe. Zoona, kuti apambane pa nkhaniyi, mpesa uyenera kukumbidwa kokha ndi msuzi wochititsa chidwi wa dziko lapansi ndi kusunthidwa mosamala kwambiri.

Zoona, ntchitoyi ikhoza kukwaniritsidwa ndi kufika kwa kutentha koyamba, koma isanayambe mphukira isanayambe komanso kusuntha kwa madzi. Zomera za zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zimaloledwa kubzala, ngati oimira achikulire sangathe kupulumuka kusintha komweko kwa malo okula.

Pofuna kubzala m'chaka, nthawi yabwino kwambiri idzafika pa April 25-28, ngakhale kuti nyengo iliyonse ya nyengo idzakhala nthawi yeniyeni idzakhala yosiyana. Kugwa, mphesa zimaikidwa mu theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa November, zisanafike pamtunda pamalo atsopano ndi madzi otentha.

Momwe mungasinthire mphesa: sitepe ndi sitepe malangizo

Musanayambe kukolola mphesa musanathe kudziwa malo abwino kwambiri omwe mungakumane nawo m'tsogolo. Poona kuti ichi ndi chomera chosatha, ndi bwino kusankha gawoli kuti musasokoneze mpesa patsogolo.

Mudzakhala ndi chidwi chophunzira zambiri za mphesa zotere monga "Veles", "Chimwemwe", "Lancelot", "Sphinx", "Extra", "Laura", "Chilakolako", "Mu Memory of Negrul", "Helios", "Gala" "" Mkazi wokongola "," Chameleon "," Harold "," Lily of the Valley "," Ruslan "," Ladies Fingers "," Kishimishi "," Vodogray "," Anuta "," Arcadia ".

Njira yabwino ikadakhala malo aakulu ndi dzuwa, atazungulira mitengo ndi zitsamba, zomwe zidzateteza zomera kuti zisadwale. Pakuti hedge abwino abwino jamu ndi currant baka.

Kuchokera pa zipangizo zomwe mudzafunikira pruner pofuna kudulira mphesa ndi fosholo, ndi manyowa ndi mchere zimayenerera bwino kuti pakhale feteleza.

Kuonjezeranso kutsatila kwa ndondomekoyi kumaphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

1. Kukonzekera kwa dzenje lakudzala ndi kudzaza ndi zakudya zosakaniza (kukula kwa dzenje kuyenera kutsatiridwa ndi zida za dothi losakanizidwa, kenako ndi theka ladzaza ndi dothi losakaniza, feteleza zovuta kwambiri komanso 6-8 makilogalamu a humus).
2. Kutenga mphesa kumalo ake akale omwe akukula (kukumba mu chomera chozungulira, yesetsani kusokoneza rhizomes yoyandikana nawo; pafupifupi, malo ovomerezeka ali pafupi mamita 1).
3. Kuphimba mphesa rhizomes dongo ndi potaziyamu permanganate (osasunthika m'madzi), zomwe zidzateteza mizu ku zowola ndi kuyanika.
4. Chotsani mpesa wochuluka (muyenera kusiya manja awiri okha).
5. Kuyika ma rhizomes mu dzenje latsopano (pamtunda wa nthaka ndi feteleza) ndikuwongolera mizu yake yonse.
6. Kudzaza dzenje ndi dziko lapansi ndi kuthirira dzenje ndi mphesa.

Musaiwale kusamalira chingwe cha ngalande, chomwe chingakonzedwe mothandizidwa ndi zidutswa kapena njerwa zosweka zomwe zili pansi pa dzenje. Kuphatikiza apo, chitoliro cha pulasitiki chikhoza kuikidwa pa icho, kuchiswedeza pang'ono ndi kusuntha mapeto ake pamwamba pa nthaka (10-15 cm).

Ndikofunikira! Mwachidziwikire, simungathe kukumba zonsezi, chifukwa kutalika kwa mizu ya zomera nthawi zambiri kumafikira mamita 1.5 m'litali. Muzochitika zotero, mbali zokhazokha ndi zazing'ono kwambiri zimachotsedwa, zomwe nthaka imatsitsimutsa pang'ono.

Ngati mutasankha kusuntha mphesa zakale, ndiye kuti chaka choyamba mutatha chotsanizi, muyenera kuchotsa zonsezi, ndipo zotsatila - musiye 1/3 okha. Momwemo, mpesa udzatha kukhalanso mwamsanga mutatha kuziika ndikukondweretsani ndi zipatso zabwino za mphesa m'tsogolomu.

Sakanizani pang'ono

Malinga ndi nthawi yomwe mphesa zimasinthidwa kumalo atsopano (kasupe kapena yophukira), mungasankhe njira yoyenera yochitira ndondomekoyi patali.

Kuyika

Ngati mukufuna kupesa mphesa zakupsa, sizingatheke kuti muzikumba bwinobwino chitsamba chonsecho. Pazochitika zoterozo, kubalana kumapindula bwino ndi kuthandizidwa ndi kuika, zomwe panthawi yomweyo zidzatsitsimutsa chomera ndikuthandizira kuti apulumuke bwino pamalo atsopano.

Zingakhale zothandiza kuti muphunzire momwe mungadulire mphesa masika, momwe mungagwirire ndi tizirombo ta mphesa, momwe tingabzalidwe ndikudyetsa mphesa.

Zonse zomwe mukusowa ndi kusankha mtengo umodzi kapena awiri, ndipo mutayika pansi, prikopat pansi pafupi ndi chitsamba cha makolo. Zitenga nthawi ndithu, ndipo gawo lirilonse lidzayika mizu yake. Nthambi yomweyo imalandira chakudya chambiri: kuchokera ku chomera chachikulu komanso ku mizu yake.

Momwe zigawozo zakhazikika bwino, zimatha kukhala zosiyana ndi chitsamba cha mayi, ndipo zikakumbidwa, zimatha kudziwika pamalo omwe angakhalire bwino. Izi ziyenera kunenedwa kuti njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito osati cholinga cha mphesa za mphesa, komanso, ngati kuli kofunikira, njira zina zotsalira zakufa kapena kubzala mitundu yatsopano (katemera).

Cuttings

Ndithudi aliyense amene amaganiza za kusinthanitsa mphesa kupita kumalo ena (mosasamala kanthu kasupe kapena yophukira) adapeza kutchulidwa kwa mwayi wokhala pamodzi ndi mbewu.

Mukudziwa? Mphesa zokhazokha ndi zokhazikika zomwe zimapangidwa ndizo zimakhala zabwino kwambiri za choleretic, chifukwa ndi zothandiza kudya anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chiwindi ndi ndulu (mwachitsanzo, 100 ml ya vinyo wonyezimira wothira madzi amchere amchere mu 1: 1 chiŵerengero chingathandize kuchotsa kuchokera kumtumbo).

Zoonadi, njira imeneyi yofalitsira zomera ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa kubzala mbewu pa chiwembu, koma ngati tiganiza kuti chitsamba cha mayi chimafota ndipo sichimabala zipatso kwa nthawi yaitali, ndiye kuti "kubweranso" kumeneku ndikovomerezeka.

Pofuna kupeza mbande kuchokera ku cuttings, amayamba kugwira ntchito yokolola mu kugwa, kudula mbali zina kuchokera ku mayi wa chitsamba.

Pali malamulo angapo ochita izi:

• cuttings ndi mphukira ayenera kukhala osachepera 7-10 mm awiri;
• Amadula mphukira, masamba ndi tinyanga, komanso nsonga zosawerengeka;
• Mphukira zinayi zokha zimatsalira pazidutswa;
• Kudulidwa kwa zinthu zam'mbuyo zam'tsogolo ziyenera kuchitika kumbali yoyenera, masentimita ochepa okha pamwamba pa impso zakum'mzere pamwamba;
• pansi pamayenera kukhala zidutswa zitatu (kutalika - 3 cm);
• aliyense adalandira kudula ndi kulembedwa molingana ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana;
• Mitengo yonse yomwe imapezeka ikhale yotsalira m'madzi kwa maola makumi awiri ndi awiri, ndipo patapita nthawi, yikani mankhwala asanu ndi awiri (5%) a mkuwa sulphate ndi youma bwino;
• Zitsulo zonsezi zikulumikizidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki ndipo zimakhala pamalo ozizira (m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena firiji) kuti zisungidwe.

Kawirikawiri, mphesa zimayikidwa mu kasupe mwanjira iyi, ndipo mbali zina za mchenga wa mayi zomwe zimapangidwa m'dzinja zimakhala zabodza mpaka kutentha kutabwera. Ngati kudula kwazinthu kunkachitika molondola, ndiye kuti masamba otsalira pa cuttings adzakhala othandiza kwambiri kuti apulumuke m'malo atsopano. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kudula kang'onopang'ono kumtunda ndi kusakanikirana kwapansi kumathandiza kuti pakhale kusintha kwabwino kwa thupi la mbeu.

Kuwombera zokolola m'madzi ndikupangidwanso ndikugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa wa sulphate kumapanga zakudya zosungiramo mphesa zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa mphesa pa nthawi ya hibernation, ndipo zophimbidwa ndi pulasitiki zimateteza ku cuttings.

Zidzatheka kudzala malo okolola kumalo otseguka ndi kufika kwa kutentha koyamba, koma asanakhale nawo nthawi yaying'ono (makapu) omwe angagwirizane ndi nthaka ndi kutuluka m'nyengo yozizira dormancy.

Kumera kotero kumaphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

• m'magalasi apulasitiki okonzedwa ndikofunikira kupanga matsegulidwe atatu (m'munsimu);
• kenaka tsitsani dothi la masentimita awiri limodzi ndi tsamba humus pansi, kenaka uwaphimbe ndi mchenga wa mchenga woyera;
• Pakatikati pa zokonzedwa bwino, vuto lalikulu liyenera kupangidwa (pafupifupi masentimita 4) ndipo kudula kuyenera kuikidwa mkati mwake, podzaza ndi nthaka ina 4 cm;
• kuthirira mmera bwino, kumangokhala kuyembekezera mpaka mizu ikuwonekera, pambuyo pake zomwe zimamera zimatha kusamukira kumalo otseguka (osati kale kuposa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kudzakhala 0 ° C).

Ndondomeko yowonjezera cuttings ku malo osatha a kukula ali ndi makhalidwe ake enieni.

Mwachitsanzo, dera limeneli liyenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la urea ndi madzi osakanikirana, ndipo pambuyo pa ora la maola awiri, limangokhala kuti likhazikitse mosamala choyala chokonzekera.

Poyamba, zonsezi zikuwoneka kuti ndi ntchito yosavuta, koma ngakhale mutakonzekera chofunikira chocheka, ndipo iwo amatha kukhala pogona, simungathe kuwaponyera pansi, chifukwa kuti chomeracho chikhalepo m'nthaka, mizu yonse iyenera kukhala yotetezeka komanso yotetezeka.

Mukudziwa? Anthu okhala ku Italy ndi ku Portugal amakumana ndi mphesa za chaka chatsopano. Kumeneko ndizozoloŵera kudya mphesa pansi pa mazira, kupanga zofuna (12 zikwapu - mphesa 12 - zikhumbo 12).

Malamulo osamalira kuti apulumuke bwino

Kuti muwonjezere kufulumira ndi kupulumuka kwa mphesa zanu zosamutsidwa, muyenera kuyamba kukonza ulimi wothirira - ndi kubweretsa madzi kwa mizu. Pochita izi, ngakhale pa malo odzala, kunali koyenera kusamalira madzi abwino, ndipo ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chitoliro cha pulasitiki, kupyolera pamwamba pa kutsegula kumene madzi akutsanulira kuti azitumizira mwachindunji ku mizu. Njira imeneyi imakhalanso ndi zotsatira zabwino pa zokolola zina za mbeu, kuti mukhale ndi zipatso zazikulu.

Ndikofunikira! Mbeu yaing'ono ya balere idzawonjezeredwa ku mizu m'malo atsopano. Kwa dothi losauka, makamaka ngati mulibe chokwanira chachitsulo mwa iwo, musadandaule ndi feteleza omwe ali ndi chinthu ichi, ndipo mukhoza kuyika misomali yazing'ono yomwe idatenthedwa pamtengo pansi pa dzenje lakudzala.

Nthawi zambiri kuthirira mpesa pambuyo pa kusindikiza ayenera kukhala 1 nthawi mu masabata awiri, malinga ndi kukhalapo kapena kupezeka kwa mphepo. Patapita nthawi, chiwerengero cha madzi amatha kuchepa pang'ono.

Kuwonjezera pa feteleza mphesa, feteleza ndi zomera zomwe zimafalikira zimatengera pafupifupi 2-3 nthawi yonse ya chilimwe, nthawi zonse kumasula nthaka kudutsa chitsamba (izi zimapangitsa kuti mpweya uzikhala pakati pa mizu ndi dziko lapansi). Tsopano inu mukudziwa zonse za nthawi, ndi motani komanso kulibwino kokweza mphesa pa chiwembu chanu, ndi kumvetsetsa njira yabwino yopangira zomera m'munda wamphesa, mutha kuwatsimikizira kuti ndibwino kuti pakhale chitukuko chochulukirapo, chomwe chidzakupatsani zokolola zambiri .