Ng'ombe yamkaka yabwino pa famu ndi gwero lofunika kwambiri la mkaka wathanzi ndi wokoma, kanyumba tchizi, batala, ndi zina zotero.
Komabe, kuti zizindikiro za chinyama zikhale zapamwamba ndi zowakhazikika, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungasankhire ng'ombe ya mkaka ndi zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana poyamba. Zosankha zapaderazi zidzakambidwa pambuyo pake.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mkaka
Mitundu ya ng ombe za mkaka ndizopangitsa kuti zinyama zonse zizipereka mkaka. Mukhoza kuweruza momwe ntchitoyo ikugwiritsidwira ntchito posankha, ndikuphunzira mosamala. Masiku ano, pali mitundu yambiri ya mazira omwe amasiyana kwambiri, maonekedwe ndi mkaka. 
Gome likuwonetsa zizindikiro zazikulu za mitundu ya mkaka ndi mkaka wawo pachaka.
| Zimabereka | Avereji ya zipatso za pachaka, kg | Kuchuluka kwa mkaka, kg / min | Mafuta a mkaka,% |
| Black ndi motley | 5500-8500 | 1,2-1,4 | 3,4-4,15 |
| Golshtinsky | 5500-7500 | Kufika pa 2.5 | Mpaka 3.6 |
| Kholmogorskaya | 3500-8000 | 1,1-1,3 | 3,6-4,0 |
| Yaroslavskaya | 3500-6000 | Kufika pa 1.6 | 3,4-3,7 |
| Nthambi yofiira | 3500-4500 | 1-1,2 | 3,2-5,3 |
| Ayrshire | 6000-7000 | Kufika pa 2.0 | 3,8-4,3 |
| Jersey | 4300-5700 | Mpaka 1.8 | 5,34-7,0 |
| Red-motley | 5000-6500 | Mpaka 1.8 | 3,9 |
| Istobenskaya | 3700-4000 | 1,6-1,8 | 3,4-5,5 |
Ndikofunikira! Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti mkaka umene ng'ombe imapereka, mafuta ake ndi zakudya zamtengo wapatali sizidalira kokha mtunduwo, komanso zakudya za nyama, zikhalidwe za nyumba ndi chisamaliro.
Momwe mungasankhire mkaka wabwino pakagula
Kukolola mkaka wa ng'ombe kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo, zomwe zofunikira kwambiri ndizo: thupi, zaka, zakudya ndi kukonza. 
Ndi zizindikiro zakunja
Choyamba, posankha khalidwe labwino, labwino kwambiri la amayi, ndibwino kuti tidziwitse makhalidwe ake akunja:
- Mutu Mutu wa chinyama uli ndi mawonekedwe, ouma ndi owala. Paziwonetsero zazikulu zazikulu zowonongeka, "pang'ono". Makutuwo ndi owonda kwambiri, okongola kwambiri, pafupifupi amkati mkati, ndipo ali ndi tsitsi pang'ono kunja. Nyama imakhala ndi nyanga yakuda, kuponda pansi.
- Khosi Ng'ombe yamakono imasiyanitsidwa ndi khosi lalitali kwambiri, lomwe limakhala ndi mapepala ambirimbiri omwe amawoneka bwino.
- Khungu Khungu la oimira za mkaka limatulutsa zotanuka, zotanuka, zopangidwa mosavuta mu mapepala, opanda mafuta.
- Torso. Nyama imadziwika ndi thupi lalikulu lomwe liri ndi mafupa amphamvu, koma minofu yosauka bwino. Kunja, chifukwa cha mimba yozungulira, thupi liri ndi mawonekedwe a mbiya. Chifuwacho ndi champhamvu komanso chokwanira, pali mitundu yambiri ya intercostal grooves, yomwe imasonyeza kuti mapulaneti ndi mapulogalamu apamwamba. Mchira wa ng'ombe si wandiweyani komanso wamtali, kumbuyo kumangokulira pang'ono.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati chifuwa cha ng'ombe chimakhala chokwanira, izi zikhoza kusonyeza chiopsezo chotenga chifuwa chachikulu kapena matenda ena okhudzana ndi mapapo.Kukula kwake, khola labwino la mkaka lili ndi mawonekedwe ochepa. Ndipo ngati mumayang'ana maso, ndiye thupi lake, pogwiritsa ntchito mbali yotsitsimutsa bwino, imapita pansi, ndikupanga katatu. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mkazi wamba sangakhale wofanana ndi ng'ombe.
Ndi zaka
Monga lamulo, ng'ombe imasonyeza kukula kwa mkaka pambuyo pa 5-6 calving. Mbuzi zoyamba ndi zazikazi zomwe zinabereka kawiri, zokolola zimakhala zochepa. Choncho, musanapeze nyama, muyenera kudziwa zaka zake. Izi zikhoza kuchitika ngati mano ndi nyanga.
Pa nyanga. Chiwerengero cha mphete pa nyanga za ng'ombe chimasonyeza chiwerengero cha mimba yake. Mimba yoyamba yazimayi imapezeka zaka ziwiri. Kuchokera pa izi mukhoza kuwerengera zaka zoyenerera: onetsetsani nambala ya mphete ndikuwonjezerani chisomo.
Kuti mudziwe zaka za anapiye, mukhoza kuyeza kutalika kwa nyanga. Zimadziwika kuti nyanga zazimayi zikukula mwezi uliwonse ndi masentimita 1 ndipo izi zimatha zaka 1.5. Choncho, poyesa kutalika kwa nyanga, mukhoza kupeza zaka za mbuzi mu miyezi.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati ng ombe yayamba kukalamba, mphete zanga zikutha. Komanso, kusoweka kwa mphete zowoneka bwino kungathe kuwonedwa pamene chinyamachi chakhala chikudwala kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo adalandira zochepetsetsa zochepa.
M'meno. Mukhozanso kudziwa nthawi yomwe nyamayo ikuyesa poyang'ana mano ake. Kwa nthawi yonseyi, ng'ombe imakula mano 32, omwe amapezeka 8 kumunsi kwa nsagwada ndi miyezi 24.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nthawi inayake, incisors amasintha: zikopa zomwe ziri pakati, zimasintha miyezi 14-20, pafupifupi miyezi 18-28, miyezi ya 18-28, ndi miyezi 35-45.
Tiyenera kudziwika kuti makoswe amachotsedwa payekha, malinga ndi chakudya chimene nyamayo idya. Otsatira amayamba kutaya pang'onopang'ono zaka 3-5. Zaka 7-10 zimakhala zozungulira, ndipo pofika 8-11 zimakhala zofanana ndi zigawo zitatu. Ndili ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu, manowa ali mozungulira. Pambuyo pa zaka khumi ndi zitatu (16), mankhwalawa amatha kuchotsedwa kwathunthu, mu maonekedwe awo omwe amayamba kugwa.
Mukudziwa? Ng'ombeyo imakhala ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri, kotero ndikofunika kukonzekera tsiku ndi tsiku ndikumamatira. Kusiyanitsa kulikonse kuchitetezo kumayambitsa nkhawa kwa nyamayo ndipo kungapangitse dontho la mkaka.
Ndi udder
Udder ndi chimodzi mwa ziwalo zofunika kwambiri za ng ombe za mkaka. Nyama zokhala ndi zokolola zambiri zimadziwika ndi voliyumu, mbale yolowa ndi ubweya kapena mawonekedwe ochapa. Pankhaniyi, zonse zapakati pa udder, komanso mitsempha pambali ya mimba zili bwino.
Pa palpation, udder ndi mchere komanso pang'ono. Kukhalapo kwa zisindikizo zilizonse pa khungu, kuvunda. Akatswiri amalangiza kuti asasankhe mkazi ndi udzu waukulu kwambiri, chifukwa umathandiza kuti nyama isasunthe. Mphunoyi imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, pafupifupi masentimita 8, yomwe imakhala yolumikizana kwambiri.
Musanagule, muyenera kuyamwa mkaka pang'ono. Ngati mkaka umatuluka mwamphamvu, pang'onopang'ono kapena osatuluka, izi zikhoza kusonyeza kukula kwa mastitis kapena kutupa. 
Chifukwa cha umoyo
Posankha ng'ombe, ndibwino kuti muyang'ane matenda ake. Kupenda kumayambira ndi kuyang'anitsitsa kwa maso: mthunzi wa mucous membrane wa maso uyenera kukhala wabwinobwino, wopanda ubweya ndi kuvulaza, mphuno - popanda kukhuta kwaukhondo, khungu, khungu - kosalala, zotanuka, popanda zilonda, pustules, udder - popanda kutupa, zisindikizo.
Ndikofunikira! Ng'ombe yofooka imachita mopanda phokoso, khungu lake limawoneka lokhazikika, liribe chilakolako, nsagwada yake pansi imakhala yochepetsedwa pang'ono.
Ndikofunikira kuti muyese kutentha kwa nyama, mvetserani kuuluka ndi kuwerengera kayendedwe kabwino ka kusuntha. Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro izi, malingana ndi msinkhu, ndi:
- Pakati pa chaka: kutentha - 38.7, kupweteka (kupweteka pa mphindi) - 70, kupuma kwa mpweya (kugunda pamphindi) - 31;
- mu chaka chimodzi: kutentha - 38.4, kuthamanga - 59, kupuma kwa mpweya - 20;
- mu 1.5 zaka: kutentha - 38.3, kupweteka - 57, kupuma kwa mpweya - 18;
- akulu: kutentha - 38.3, kupweteka - 67, kupuma kwa mpweya - 21.
Malingana ndi zizindikiro za dziko
Palinso zizindikiro zambiri zosankha ng'ombe yabwino. Inde, ambiri a iwo amapereka malingaliro ochepa chabe pa zokolola za nyama, ndipo ena kwa akatswiri amaonedwa kuti ndi opanda pake.
Komabe, ambiri, kugula ng'ombe, amatsogoleredwa ndi zizindikiro zambiri:
- Kukhalapo kwa nkhono za ng'ombe 8 kumayankhula za kupanga mkaka wabwino;
- Ngati pali phokoso lakuya pakati pa nyanga, ndiye kuti nyamayo ili ndi mkaka waukulu;
- kambirimbiri ka sulufu m'makutu amasonyeza mkaka wa mkaka wambiri;
- imaonedwa kuti ndi chizindikiro cha ubwino wa milkings pamutu;
- ngati mchira wa nyama kumapeto uli ndi mawonekedwe a chikasu, ndiye mkaka udzakhala ndi mafuta ambiri.
Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe zimatha kusiyanitsa zokoma - zokoma, mchere, zowawa, zokometsera. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti m'kamwa mwawo pali masamba 25,000.
Posankha ng'ombe, chinthu chachikulu ndicho kupanga mkaka, komwe kumadalira mbali zambiri: chibadwa cha thupi, kunja, msinkhu, chikhalidwe cha thupi komanso zikhalidwe za ukaidi. Podziwa zoyenera kuchita, ngakhale mlimi wosadziwa zambiri akhoza kugula nyama yomwe ingakhale ya thanzi labwino ndi kubweretsa mkaka wambiri wambiri.
Video: momwe mungasankhire ng'ombe
Ndemanga
Izi ndizo nthabwala. Ng'ombe yamkaka yabwino ndipo imafuna chisamaliro chapadera ndi kudyetsa. Kuphatikiza pa zizindikiro zakunja, mawonekedwe a i.e., ndingamupatse mkaka. Yang'anani kuti mukhale osavuta. Ngati iyo idzayamwa mwamphamvu, chabwino, yodetsedwa, ndi mkaka wake. Ndikanati ndikulangize kuti ndisamalire mimba yake. ziyenera kukhala zazikulu, zazikulu. Pamene akunena kuti "zathyoka" Ngati ng'ombe ili ndi chigawo chachikulu cha m'mimba, ndiye kuti pali njira yothandizira zakudya. Young, mpaka 6 calving. Samalirani momwe mumayambira. Nthawi yomwe izi zinachitika. Ngati kumapeto kwa chilimwe ayenera kuchenjezedwa. Bwanji osaphimbidwa kale? Zikuoneka kuti pangakhale mavuto ndi insemination, omwe ndi ziwalo zobereka odwala (chiberekero).
