Kalulu wa Thuringi: chiyambi, kufotokozera mtundu, malamulo a chisamaliro

Lero pali mitundu yoposa 80 ya akalulu, kuphatikizapo zazikulu, zosapakati ndi zochepa. Ndi zosiyana siyana, ndizovuta kusankha mtundu kuti ubale. M'nkhaniyi tidzakulangizani kwa mmodzi mwa ochepa omwe amaimira hares - Thuringian krale. Ganizirani zomwe zili zofunika pa zomwe zili, makamaka kudya ndi khalidwe.

Chiyambi cha kubala

Mitundu imene tinakambiranayi inalembedwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000. Dzina lake limatchulidwa kuchokera ku malo ochotsedwa - dziko la Germany la Thuringia. Arzhents, Flandres, akalulu a Himalaya adagwira nawo ntchito yosankha mtundu.

Ndemanga ya kalulu

Nthanga za mtundu wa Thuringi zimatanthawuza kulondolera nyama. Kukula kwa oimira ake ndi ochepa. Koma pamene thupi liri lotayika, wandiweyani.

Maonekedwe

Unyinji wa akalulu a Thuringi umafikira makilogalamu 3.5-4.5. Malinga ndi miyezo ya obereketsa akalulu, izi ndizolemera. Zinyama zili ndi mutu wong'onong'ono kwambiri, womwe uli pamphepete mwafupipafupi. Makutu ndi minofu, osati yaitali - masentimita 10 m'litali. Mapeto awo ali ozungulira.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudzidziwe nokha ndi mafotokozedwe ndi zizindikiro za mtundu wa mtundu wa kalulu monga Ober, New Zealand White, Russian Ermine, Gray Giant, Silver, Risen Gold, Poltava Silver, Rex, Giant Belgium ndi Vienna Blue.

Ana akhanda, akalulu ali ndi yunifolomu, ubweya wa mchenga. Pamene akukula, mawanga obiriwira amaonekera pa khungu, m'dera la mitsempha, makutu, chiuno ndi mbali. Maso ndi ofiira. Ubweya uli wandiweyani, wofewa ndi wofewa mpaka kukhudza, ndi puloteni. Kutalika kwa tsitsi ndi masentimita atatu. Miyendo ya akalulu ndi yaying'ono m'litali ndi minofu.

Makhalidwe

Mwachirengedwe, nsomba za Thuringi zimakhala zokoma, zosinthasintha, zogwira ntchito. Chifukwa cha zikhalidwe zimenezi m'mayiko a ku Ulaya, nyamazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati ziweto m'nyumba.

Mbali za kusamalira ndi chisamaliro

Ng'ombe za Thuringi zodzichepetsa. Sitifunikira zochitika zapadera za ndende, kudyetsa. Ngati mupanga zinthu zabwino kwambiri kwa kalulu wa Thuringi, ndiye kuti moyo wake udzakhala zaka 12. Pafupifupi, amakhala pafupifupi zaka 8. Kusiyana mu kukula kofulumira.

Kusankhidwa kwa magulu

Kwa kalulu wa mtundu umenewu, khola ndi loyenera 4-5 nthawi zazikulu kuposa ilo. Popeza nyamayi ikugwira ntchito mwakhama, iyenera kuti ikhale yoyenera, komanso imasunthira bwino. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ziphuphu zimakonda kupumula, kutambasula mpaka kutalika kwake.

Werengani zambiri za momwe mungasankhire khola la akalulu ndi momwe mungadzipangire nokha.

Ndibwino kuti kutalika kwa khola kulibe masentimita 60, m'lifupi - 60-70 masentimita, kutalika - mamita 1. Malo a khola kwa anthu angapo ayenera kuwerengedwa pa maziko a masentimita 0.15-0.20 square. mamita pa 1 nyama. Zinthu zabwino kwambiri kwa achinyamata ndi maselo akuyenda kuchokera ku ukonde. Kutalika kwa maselo amenewa kuyenera kukhala kuchokera 2 mpaka 4 mamita, m'lifupi - mamita 1, kutalika - 0.4-0.5 m. Malo okhalawo ayenera kukhala kuchokera ku zipangizo zamtengo wapatali zomwe zingathe kugwira ntchito kwa zaka zingapo. Zogwiritsira ntchito zing'onozing'ono zingasokoneze thanzi la nyama. Ndi bwino ngati khola liri matabwa. Nyumbayi iyenera kukhala ndi odyetsa komanso oledzera opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zakuthambo.

Ndikofunikira! Khola liyenera kupangidwa ndi matabwa, koma osati la conifers, chifukwa mapangidwe amenewa ali ndi fungo lopweteka lomwe lingakhale losasangalatsa kwa chinyama. Kujambula kalulu kumakhala koletsedwa. Popeza ziphuphu zimakonda kukunkha, zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri kuti utoto udzalowa m'kati mwa ziwalo za mimba ndikupweteka poizoni.

Ayenera kuikidwa m'chipinda chapadera chakumtunda, ndi mzere wapansi. Odyetsa ayenera kukhala angapo - chifukwa cha udzu, chakudya, mchere wambiri. Kufikira odyetsa ndi oledzera ayenera kuperekedwa nthawi zonse. Khola liyeneranso kukhala ndi malo pomwe nyama ikhoza kupuma. Udzu umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinyalala, wosanjikiza wa 10-20 masentimita.

Mndandanda wa ndende ndi chisamaliro

Zomwe zimayambitsa kusunga akalulu:

• kuunikira bwino;
• chowotha;
• youma
• chabwino;
• kusowa kwazithunzi.

Mpweya wotsika kwambiri umene umatha kunyamula ndi -6 ° C. Wapamwamba kwambiri ndi +35 ° C. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi 12-18 ° С. Nthawi ya kuwala kwa dzuwa ayenera kukhala osachepera maola 17. Kutentha kwa mpweya - 60-70%.

Zosowa zowonetsera mphepo m'nyengo yozizira: 10-15 cu. m / h pa kalulu (kutuluka kwa nthawi yochepa), m'chilimwe: 30-50 cubic mita. m / h pa kalulu (kuwala kolembera). Maselo ayenera kutsukidwa pamene aipitsidwa. Kutseketsa m'nyumba ndi zipangizo zomwe zimapangidwa nthawi imodzi pamwezi.

Ndikofunikira! Khola liyenera kutsekedwa kapena kukonzanso kuwala kwa dzuwa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri pamakhala akalulu omwe amatha kupweteka kwambiri akalulu.

Katemera

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti asunge akalulu ndi katemera. Katemera amathandiza kupeŵa matenda a mliri kuchokera ku matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndikusamalira ng'ombe. Pamene ana amadyetsa mkaka wa amayi, thanzi lawo limatetezedwa ndi chitetezo cha thupi, chomwe chimapangidwa chifukwa cha ma antibodies apadera omwe amapanga chakudya.

Vuto: Katemera wa Rabbit Komabe, atakula achinyamata akuyamba kudya chakudya cha anthu akuluakulu, ma antibodies amenewa safika, ndipo samapangidwa ndi thupi pawokha. Choncho, ndikofunika kumanga chitetezo choteteza matenda omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana. Monga lamulo, katemera amapangidwa 1 nthawi mu miyezi 6.

Katemera ofunikira kwambiri ndi awa:

• motsutsana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
• motsutsana ndi myxomatosis.

Komanso, nyama zimatemera katemera wa paratyphoid, pasteurellosis, matenda a streptococcal. Veterinarian akhoza katemera kapena, pambuyo pa malangizo ake omveka bwino, wobereketsa yekha.

Mukudziwa? Akalulu amagona ndi maso awo atseguka. Chowonadi n'chakuti iwo ndi amanyazi, kotero ngakhale pa nthawi ya tulo sangathe kumasuka ndipo nthawi yomweyo amadzuka pamtunda uliwonse. Kukhoza kugona tulo tofa nato ndi kugona ndi maso kutsekedwa kumapezeka kokha ndi akalulu okongoletsera amakhala mumtendere wokhala m'nyumba ndikuzoloŵera kuti sali pangozi.

Kudyetsa akalulu a Thuringi

Makhalidwe odyera a oimira mtundu wa Thuringi sasiyana ndi akalulu ena oyenda. Akuluakulu amadyetsedwa katatu patsiku, akalulu panthawi ya lactation ndi akalulu achinyamata mpaka zaka miyezi 2.5 - maulendo 4.

Chikhalidwe chachikulu chodyetsa zinyama ndi zakudya zatsopano. Maziko a zakudya ndi chakudya cha masamba. Zakudya za ziweto zimayambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, monga vitamini ndi mineral supplements.

Menyu ya akalulu idzasiyana malinga ndi nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, chakudyacho chiyenera kukhala chopatsa thanzi kwambiri kuti chinyama chipeze mphamvu zofunikira kuti zisunge kutentha kwa thupi. Pa nthawiyi, ndi bwino kulengeza chakudya chamagulu mu zakudya.

Komanso chiwerengero ndi zakudya zomwe zimadyetsedwa zimadalira zaka ndi kugonana kwa kalulu, nthawi yomwe ikukwera. Pansipa timapereka malingaliro pokonza mapulogalamu abwino a munthu woyamba pa nyengo ya chilimwe ndi nyengo yachisanu.

M'chilimwe

M'nyengo yozizira

Podyetsa nyama ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya, kotero kuti kuyamwa kwawo kumakhala kosavuta, chakudya chimaperekedwa motsatira ndondomeko zotsatirazi: chimayika, chakudya chokoma.

Video: kudyetsa akalulu m'nyengo yozizira

Choncho, m'nyengo yozizira, kudyetsa kumatha ndi udzu, ndipo mu chilimwe - ndi masamba.

Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuti asamawononge thanzi la nyama, iwo amaletsedwa kupatsa chakudya ndi chakudya chokhala ndi chakudya chophweka, mwachitsanzo, maswiti, shuga, makeke. Zakudya izi zimachulukitsa chiopsezo cha kunenepa kwambiri.

Zinthu zoberekera

Pambuyo pa msinkhu wachinyamata ukafika msinkhu wa miyezi iwiri, anyamata ndi atsikana amapatulidwa kukhala maselo osiyana. Kukula kwa zinyama za nyama izi kumachitika pafupifupi miyezi inayi. Komabe, zikhoza kuchitika pamene kulemera kwake kwa kalulu kumadutsa 2.5 kg, mwinamwake zimakhala zovuta kuti iye abereke ndi kubereka ana. Akalulu obereketsa akhoza kuchitika nthawi iliyonse ya chaka.

Zisanachitike, anthu omwe ali ndi zolakwika zilizonse. Kwa kukwatira mkazi amathamangira mu khola kwa mwamuna wam'mawa ndi madzulo. Pambuyo pake amabwezeretsanso kunyumba kwawo. Mimba imatenga masiku 29-31. Panthawiyi, kalulu amadyetsedwa chakudya chokwanira ndi mapuloteni apamwamba ndipo amapereka madzi okwanira. Pakati pa mimba ndi lactation, zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zimakhala ngati izi:

• chakudya chobiriwira - 300 g;
• chakudya cha mpendadzuwa - 40-60 g;
• chakudya cha mpendadzuwa - 30 g;
• yisiti - 5 g;
• mafuta a nsomba - 4 g;
• nyama ndi fupa chakudya - 7 g;
• fupa chakudya - 3 g;
• choko - 3 g;
• mchere - 2.5 g

M'nyengo yozizira, amapatsidwa phala kuchokera ku nyemba, nyemba, bran, mineral zowonjezera. Ngati kukalidwa kwa akalulu kukonzedwa, ndiye kuti muyenera kudera nkhaŵa pang'onopang'ono za makonzedwe apadera ochotseramo omwe mkazi adzabala ndi kudyetsa ana, mfumukazi chomera.

Zidzakhala bwino kuti muwerenge ngati mungalole kuti kalulu asakanike, ndikamatha bwanji kudziwa kalulu wa kalulu, ngati n'zotheka kuika kalulu kutali ndi kalulu, momwe mungadziwireko kalulu wa kalulu, komanso mmene mungadyetse kalulu akalulu akalulu komanso mmene mungadyetse kalulu popanda kalulu.

Ili ndibokosi lofanana ndi bokosi, lotsekedwa kumbali zonse, ndi khola laling'ono lokhala ndi mamita 15-18 masentimita ndi chivindikiro chochotseka. Iyo imayikidwa mu khola la kalulu. Iyenera kukhazikitsa zinthu zabwino kwambiri kwa amayi ndi makanda - mdima, kutentha, kukula. Zoperekerazi ndizofunikira kuti kalulu amve kukhala wosungulumwa komanso omasuka. M'kati mwa mfumukaziyi mumayenera kukhala zinyalala zodzaza ndi zakuda. Chojambulacho chiyenera kusungidwa kapena chosungiramo Kutentha. Matendawa ndi ana 6-12. Akalulu amabadwa amphuno ndi akhungu. Amatsegula maso awo pa tsiku la 10. Kwa masabata 3-4 amadya mkaka wa mayi. M'tsogolomu, yambani kudya.

Mukudziwa? Chida cha mtundu wa kalulu chimawalola kunyamula malita 2 kuchokera kwa amuna osiyana pa nthawi yomweyo. Chiberekero cha mkazi sichingakhale ndi thupi. Zili ndi nyanga ziwiri, zomwe zimatsegulira m'mimba, ndi makosi awiri.

Malingana ngati iwo akusungidwa ndi amayi mu zakumwa zakumwa, chidebe chiyenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse ndipo sayenera kupezeka ku chinyezi chokwanira ndi dothi. Apo ayi, pang'ono peresenti yaching'ono ingathe kukhala ndi moyo. Choncho, akalulu a Thuringi ndi nyama zokongola kwambiri zowoneka bwino, ndi khungu lamtengo wapatali komanso nyama yokoma.

Iwo ndi odzichepetsa ku zikhalidwe za kundende ndi kudyetsa. Mtundu uwu sunatchuka kwambiri pakati pa abambo a kalulu ndipo lero ndi osowa. Ku Ulaya, chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chake chokonda mtendere ndi makhalidwe okongoletsera, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'nyumba.